Emc Module2 Scilm

Unit Special Crime Investigation
Module Crime Scene Investigation Page|1

SCILM SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION WITH LEGAL Units: 3.0
MEDICINE
INFORMATION SHEET PR-2.1.1

CRIME DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION
WORLDWIDE DEVELOPMENT
 1720s, ENGLAND: - JONATHAN WILD –He was a buckle maker then a brothel operator; a master
criminal who became London’s most effective criminal investigator. He was the most famous
THIEF-CATCHER in 1720s. His methods or techniques made popular the logic of EMPLOYING A
THIEF TO CATCH A THIEF. He conceived the idea of charging a fee for locating and returning
stolen property to its rightful owners.
 1750s, ENGLAND: - HENRY FIELDING –An Englishman who wrote a novel entitled “Tom Jones”
and was appointed as magistrate (sheriff) for the areas of Westminster and Middle Age, London.
He was the creator of the BOW STREET RUNNERS while he was the magistrate; he formed a
group of police officers attached to the Bow Street Court, and not in uniform, performing
criminal investigative functions.
 1753, ENGLAND: - SIR JOHN FIELDING –The younger brother of Henry Fielding who took over
the control of Bow Street Court in 1753. His investigators were then called Bow Street Runners
and became quite effective because of his personal guidance despite the fact that he was blind.
He introduced the practice of developing paid informants, printing wanted notices, employing
criminal raids, and bearing firearms and handcuffs.
 1800, LONDON: - PATRICK COLQUHOUN –A prominent London president who proposed the
unique idea of creating sizeable uniformed force to police the city of London in order to remedy
the public outcry concerning the alarming increase of criminality during the early 1800s. His
proposal was considered too radical and was dismissed by the Royal Court.
 1811, FRANCE: - EUGENE ‘Francois” VIDOCQ –He was a criminal who turned Paris Investigator.
He is a former convict who became a notorious thief-catcher in France. He is credited as the
founder of LA SURETE, France’s national detective organization. He made popular the concept of
“SET A THIEF TO CATCH A THIEF”. He introduced the concept of ‘TRADE PROTECTION SOCIETY’,
which is a forerunner of our present-day credit card system. For a fee, any owner of a shop or
business establishment could obtain particulars concerning the financial solvency of new
customers. He created a squad of ex-convicts to aid the Paris police in crime investigation.
PREPARED BY:
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1 1 MS. ELENA MAE CORONEL
MIDTER Instructor
M NOTED BY: APPROVED BY:
Week Meeting EMERITA S. MERCADAL MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA
SHS Coordinator/Academic Head School Administrator
MEDICINE
 1829, LONDON: - SIR ROBERT PEELS –The founder and chief organizer of the London
Metropolitan Police – the SCOTLAND YARD. He reiterated the idea of creating sizeable police
force in his recommendations, which lead to the passage of the Metropolitan Police Act. This act
had a tremendous impact on the history of criminal justice in general, and on the development
of criminal investigation specifically. He introduced the techniques of detecting crimes such as:
detectives concealing themselves, and secretly photographing and recording conversations.
 1833, ENGLAND: The Scotland Yard employed the first undercover officer while in
 USA: First daytime paid police department was established in Philadelphia, USA.
 1835, USA: TEXAS RANGERS was organized as the first law enforcement agency with statewide
investigative authority, the forerunner of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
 1839: - The birth year of Photography. WILLIAM HENRY FOX TALBOT explained a photographic
process he had invented to the Royal Society of London.
 JACQUES MANDE DAGUERRE gave a public demonstration in Paris of his discovery - a

photographic process he developed in collaboration with NICEPHORE NIEPCE.
 1842: Scotland Yard created the first FULL-TIME INVESTIGATIVE, which is a forerunner to the
Criminal Investigation Division of Scotland Yard.
 1851, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, USA: Multi-suspect ID LINE-UP is employed in the first time.
 1852, USA: - CHARLES DICKENS - Through his story entitled BLEAK HOUSE, he introduced the
term DETECTIVE to the English language.
 1852, USA: - ALLAN PINKERTON - America’s most famous private investigator and founder of
Criminal Investigation in USA. He established the practice of handwriting examination in
American courts and promoted a plan to centralize criminal identification records.
 1856, USA: - KATE WAYNE: The first woman detective in the history of criminal investigation,
hired by the Pinkerton Agency.
PREPARED BY:
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MIDTER Instructor
MEDICINE
 1859, USA: Appellate courts recognized/accepted photographs as admissible evidences when

they are relevant and properly verified.
 1865, USA: US SECRET SERVICE was founded to investigate counterfeiting activity in post-civil
war America.
 1866, USA: - INSPECTOR THOMAS BYRNES: A New York Chief of Detectives introduced the
MODUS OPERANDI FILE.
 1866, Liberty, Missouri, USA: The JESSE JAMES GANG made the first bank hold-up which mark
the beginning of the gang’s 15-year hold-up and robbery spree (12 bank hold-ups and 12 train
stage coach robberies in 11 states). Clay County Savings Association was their first victim and
their take was $ 60,000.00.
 1877, ENGLAND: - HOWARD VINCENT: Headed the newly organized CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
DEPARTMENT in Scotland Yard.
 1882, FRANCE: - ALPHONSE BERTILLON: A French Police Clerk who introduced and established
the first systematic identification system based on ANTHROPOMETRICAL SIGNALMENT (or
Anthropometry) he is considered as the FOUNDER OF CRIMINAL IDENTIFICATION.
 1884, CHICAGO, USA: The Chicago Police Department established the first American Criminal
Identification Bureau.
 1887, DR. ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE: He popularized the Scientific Criminal Investigation by
creating the fictional detective SHERLOCK HOLMES and his friend Dr. WATSON. Holmes was
featured in 6 short stories and 4 novels.
 1892, ENGLAND: - FRANCIS GALTON: An Englishman who published his study on classifying
fingerprints. While other scientists were studying fingerprints in their biological nature, Galton
recognized their uniqueness and potentiality/significance in criminal identification.
PREPARED BY:
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MIDTER Instructor
MEDICINE
 1893, GERMANY: - HANS GROSS: An Englishman who published a handbook for Examining
Magistrates in Munich, Germany and advocated the use of scientific methods in criminal
investigation process.
 1948, ABERDEEN, SCOTLAND: A new concept was introduced in the field of criminal
investigation. This is known as TEAM POLICING. In team policing, there is no patrol division or
criminal investigation per se. In this system, a team of police officers is assigned to patrol and
investigate all criminal matters within their area of jurisdiction or district. Team policing
required that police officers who respond to a call regarding a criminal case should investigate
the case to its conclusion.
 1954,USA: - Dr. PAUL KIRK: Best known American criminalist who headed the Department of
Criminalistics as the University of California, USA.
 1961,USA: - Mapp vs. Ohio (376 vs. 584): The Supreme Court ruled the illegally obtained
evidence is inadmissible in state criminal prosecutions.
 1966, USA: - MIRANDA vs. ARIZONA (384 vs. 436): The US Supreme Court established
procedural guidelines for taking criminal confessions.
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION AS A PROCESS
The following are the steps that involves in criminal investigation;

1. Identification –Recognition of facts, information and evidence.
3 kinds of persons involved in a case:

a. Suspect
b. Victim
c. Witnesses
2. Collection of facts, information, evidence gathering and sorting out. –marking and tagging
3. Preservation of Forensic Value (Legal integrity) –protect the forensic value.
4. Evaluation/ Processing of evidence in a case –assessment of collected evidence and criminal
case as a whole.
5. Presentation of evidence and criminal case –present first the strong evidence then the weak
later as corroborative evidence.
PREPARED BY:
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MIDTER Instructor
MEDICINE
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

o To solve a case by discovering whodunit.
GOLDEN RULE OF CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION:
‘NEVER TOUCH, ALTER, MOVE OR TRANSFER AN OBEJECT AT THE CRIME SCENE UNLESS IT WAS
PROPERLY MARKED, SKETCHED, MEASURED AND PHOTOGRAPHED’.
3 Fold aim/ Main Objectives of Criminal Investigation as follows (PNP-CIDG):
1. To identify the guilty party.

2. To trace and locate the guilty party.
3. To provide evidence of the criminal guilt
SIX (6) MAJOR TYPES OF INVESTIGATION:
1. Formal Investigation- refers to official inquiry conducted by a government agency in an effort to

uncover facts and determine the truth.
2. Inquest- an effort to search the basic cause of an incident such as the commission of crime. It is
based to describe a form of judicial inquiry.
3. Inquisition- is a more historical description than a current usage to describe any penetrating
investigation concerning the religious issue.
4. Probe- similar to formal investigation, is an extensive, searching inquiry conducted by the
government agency (e.g. senate committee, legislative or the blue ribbon committee)
5. Research- is most often employed to refer the careful, patient investigations done by scientists
or scholars in their efforts to identify original sources of data or causes of problems.
6. Investigative Reporting- relatively speaking is a recent type of investigation conducted by the
media/ members of the press on their own initiative
PREPARED BY:
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MIDTER Instructor
MEDICINE
WHO IS A CRIMINAL INVESTIGATOR?
 A criminal investigator is a person who is charged with the duty of carrying on the guilty and
provides evidence of his guilt.
 Primarily, the job of an investigator is to discover whether or not an offense has been
committed under the law, after determining what specific offense has been committed, he
must discover how it was committed, who committed it, where was the act is committed and
when did it occur, and why does the person committed the act.
 The investigator must be guided by the Six Cardinal Questions in Investigation.
 WHAT (Specific Crime was committed)
 WHERE (was the crime committed)
 WHEN (did it happen?)
 WHO (did the crime)
 WHY (was it committed)
 HOW (was the crime committed)
PREPARED BY:
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MIDTER Instructor

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Unit Special Crime Investigation

Module Crime Scene Investigation Page|1

INFORMATION SHEET PR-2.1.1

 JACQUES MANDE DAGUERRE gave a public demonstration in Paris of his discovery - a

 1859, USA: Appellate courts recognized/accepted photographs as admissible evidences when

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION AS A PROCESS

The following are the steps that involves in criminal investigation;

3 kinds of persons involved in a case:

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

GOLDEN RULE OF CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION:

3 Fold aim/ Main Objectives of Criminal Investigation as follows (PNP-CIDG):

1. To identify the guilty party.

SIX (6) MAJOR TYPES OF INVESTIGATION:

1. Formal Investigation- refers to official inquiry conducted by a government agency in an effort to

WHO IS A CRIMINAL INVESTIGATOR?

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