lalman thean OF Leauning

Basisof teantng accordtmg to Stan Theory duiard CTolman

BE6 1959), like behaviourgists rejected the idea o
finttofe
pechonas a m¬Ahod of Mudying buman behauour.onthe
Conttaryhebetieued the obje ctive method of collecttnq data.
He remarked that we dona1 only respond to the Stimulus
but we act on be tie fs, and expres attitudes. Behaviaut.can
be modified byexpenence and iraining

Talman theoty eambines the advantage Of Sttmulus-rerponie

hearieandcegnitve fretd theonmes.

1olmanlstheary of leaaningisknawo by several namescuch

arsign gnificance theory,xpectamy theory"purpattue
behovio unn orSimple "ngn thedry"

hemain featurei af this theazyaneas fatlauar

accept he haviaun'sm as hacici

M1n choract ensthes Of beha viour are
a Beha viour ir goal-diectt .e. 1t iprpasve.
b Beho vigur akes use of fnviI anmen tal factars as
mfans of ge4ng at the 0 a l
eBehoviOu tonSiS of the faimahon ot cognlHve mapr.
Sdacile.
d) Mola behav OuI

9,Accordig o lalman tne behauiaut depencdiupon

a) The need systesm
bThe belief value math'x, and
Ce..
e The beha vioUrspa
 olmon_theaiy fLeanioq
Bas is o f eaninq actordtnq to Stan Theory Pdusard C To irnan

t 8 E6 1959), ike behavioursists rejected the idea o fintros

pechon as a method of tudying human behauour. dn the

Contrary,hebelieued the abje ctiue methocl of coecting doia.

Heremarked that twe donot only respond. to the Stimulus
but weact on betie fs, and erpress oattitudes. Behaviour carn
be modtfied by expeHece and iraining

Tolman theory Combtnes the advantage afStimulusr responie

thearieand cegninve field theone
Tolmanls theary Of Jeasninqis knauwo by several
names such

arsigrn Siqnificance theory"eNpectany theorypurpattye

beha viounm or simple "ngo ihenry"

Themain features ofthistheoy aneasfolau

Occepts he haviaunsrn_aL basic

MOin charact enshies of behaviour are:

a Beha uiour q0a1di recied . 1tispurpasive..

b) eeh0 viOur makes use of fnvir anmen talfactars a
mfans of ge4ding a the 0 a
eh0vioui t onsishs o fthe foiman0D of (oGoidue maRs..

behaviour s docile,
d Molor

2.Accod1ng to nlman the behauinur depends upan

a The needsystem
bThebeltef ualue matn'x, and.
a T h e behaviourspaLe.
3Thistheory taKes toto consideraton thaB
leacninq is based
Upon somesiqns a clues 1eadinq to the gaal
he organim
Iearns.notthe_mavemeat patterns, but the
elations stqncsfgnifcahe

Educatanallmplicabong
oicaleaininq Problem
Capacity
he tearning of a task
earner
cdepends_opon the capacty af the

Practice
Talmao believes that pracDse
orexercise
leanerin the iDÍtaletecblon of cannot help the
freguency widhout belanqingnesthe righi esponSE. MEre
ion doesn't establish a connel
MOtivahion
MADyodon doeINH HElp in lea1nioq
Simply Some thirng new- t
entourog.e thE perfoimance as
sucb.
Understandinal:
To Iman believes in
leoining by Creahie in
ference, invenbve
ideaionand on.
InsightFul 1earminq iS empHat i2ed
TransfeL
Transfer of tain ing dependt
relohonship percei ved by the upon applicabilty af the enenhal
01her Situahon. leamer in one situabonto.
** ..
some
 Forgetting
Repression and ratho -achveiphibinon_cause forgething
Tolman athnibetes forge thing to the resistance of cathexit
(relanonship between a dnve and object)auo.

LaotA learoIAG

TdimanStated the follouoinq lauwsoP leaining

Lauaf Capacty
Thisretatestotraits, charactenshr and aphitudes of the
eaner whichdetermine typeof taski and.ckuahon which
on be masteed Succes fully.

2LaNaf Stimuus!
1tdeals
with condih'dns ighetar inheent in the matenal
jtselfsuchasbelangingnecr of its pails and hou Sucesthull
i eods to insighifulsoluh'an..

3Lauw 0f Maoner
a It concetned ioith the maoner of presentaban of maBe
nolsuch as freQuency of preseniaban, distn'buboD of
psach ce and USe o f rewards