@EKEHEJ
KATA]EVEWEC FA]NCWBK 
‘Esujec Kaparewetec
Kaparewetec Farnctbk Gbematas @ahhbtus Tege Hecsbe‐

Gnsac Tacfe`pu< Bmu Cs ]bgje @ergbecb, @. Kap

Gbsusuc Nhaj<
 Y
 Yeekbgec (Y]5?=54449?)
 ]
 ]bbe (Y]5?=544444)
 Eg
 Ega ]bsty (Y]5?=544444)

T]NF]E@ YWQGB Y5 KATA]EVEWEC

YAKNHEJ WBCFFB BH@Q KATA]EVEWEC
@QJE@@EGBREJ TNCWBECEK 
=452
 

KEWE TACFECWE] 

Tulb syukur pacuhbs pecletkec kajegbret

kajegbret Ehhej Y.V.W Kerace rej`et-Cye
rej`et-Cye
 pacuhbs gepet `acyahasebkec gec gepet `acyusuc `ekehej
`ekehej bcb.
Tegee kasa`p
Teg kasa`pete
etec
c bcb pacuhb
pacuhbss bcfbc
bcfbc `acfui
`acfuiepk
epkec
ec tarb`e
tarb`e kesbj
kesbj kapege
kapege
sa`ue pbjek yecf tahej `a`mectu gehe` `acyahasebkec pacyusucec `ekehej bcb.
tarute`e kapege Bmu Cs ]bgje @ergbecb, @. Kap yecf tahej `a`mb`mbcf ke`b.
Tacuhb
Tacuhbss `acyeg
`acyegerb
erb mejwe
mejwe `ekehej
`ekehej bcb `esbj
`esbj mahu`
mahu` sa`pur
sa`purce.
ce. Nhaj
Nhaj
kerace btu, pacuhbs `acfjerepkec serec gec krbtbk `a`mecfuc yecf gb tuclukec
ga`b kasa`purcec pacyusucec `ekehej saheclutcye. Ya`nfe `etarb yecf ke`b
selbkec bcb mar`ecoeet mefb sa`ue pbjek.

Tnctbecek, Nktnmar =452

  Tacuhbs

b
 

GEOWE] BYB

KEWE TACFECWE]..........................
TACFECWE]................................................
............................................
............................................
..........................
........b
....b

GEOWE] BYB............................................
BYB..................................................................
............................................
............................................
.........................bb
...bb

MEM 5.......................................
5.............................................................
............................................
............................................
.........................................
...................55

TACGEJQHQEC...........................
TACGEJQHQEC.................................................
............................................
........................................................5
..................................5

E. Heter mahekecf..
mahekecf.......
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
...............
...................
...............5
......5

M. ]u`usec
]u`usec @esehej....
@esehej.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.......=
..=

I. Wuluec....................................
Wuluec..........................................................
............................................
.......................................................=
.................................=

G. @ecoeet.......................
@ecoeet.............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................=
......................=

MEM BB...........................................
BB.................................................................
............................................
........................................................
....................................9
..9

TA@MEJEYEC.............................
TA@MEJEYEC...................................................
............................................
............................................
...................................9
.............9

E. Hecsbe.....................
Hecsbe...........................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
...........................9
.....9

M. Gbematas
Gbematas @ahhbtus....
@ahhbtus.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
.............
.............7
.....7

MEM BBB ...........................................

.................................................................
............................................
......................................................5?
................................5?

EYQJEC KATA]EVEWEC...........................
KATA]EVEWEC.................................................
..........................................................5?
....................................5?

E. ...................
.........................................
............................................
............................................
...........................................................
.....................................5?
5?

M. ..........
...............
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
............
.................
.................5?
.......5?

GEOWE] TQYWEKE..................................
TQYWEKE........................................................
.............................................................
..........................................bbb
...bbb
 

MEM 5

TACGEJQHQEC

E. Hete
Heterr mahe
maheke
kecf
cf
@acurut Qcgecf-Qcgecf ]apumhbk Bcgncasbe Cn`nr 59 tejuc 522:
tactecf Kasalejtareec Heclut Qsbe, yecf gb`eksug gacfec Heclut Qsbe
(hecsbe)
(hecsbe) egehej
egehej sasanre
sasanrecf
cf yecf
yecf tahej
tahej `aciep
`aciepeb
eb usbe
usbe ?4 tejuc
tejuc ka etes.
etes.
Hecsbe `arupekec kahn`pnk usbe gbetes ?1 tejuc yecf ractec tarjegep
kasajetec obsbk gec `acteh. Hecsbe egehej tejep heclut gerb suetu prnsas
kajbgu
kajbgupec
pec yecf
yecf gbtecg
gbtecgeb
eb gacfec
gacfec pacuru
pacurucec
cec ka`e`p
ka`e`puec
uec tumuj
tumuj uctuk 
uctuk 
 maregeptesb gacfec stras hbcfkucfec. Ka`e`puec tumuj yecf `acfehe`b
 pacurucec yebtu nrfec, oucfsb gec sbsta` tumuj yecf marsboet obsbnhnfbs
eteu ehe`bej (Aoacgb, =442). Margeserkec gaoacbsb saiere u`u`, sasanrecf
gbketek
gbketekec
ec heclut
heclut usbe(he
usbe(hecsb
csbe)
e) epembh
epembhee usbecy
usbecyee ?1 tejuc
tejuc ka etes.
etes. Hecsbe
Hecsbe
 mukec suetu pacyekbt, ce`uc `arupekec tejep heclut gerb suetu prnsas
kajbgu
kajbgupec
pec yecf
yecf gbtecg
gbtecgeb
eb gacfec
gacfec pacuru
pacurucec
cec ka`e`p
ka`e`puec
uec tumuj
tumuj uctuk 
uctuk 
 maregeptesb gacfec stras hbcfkucfec. Hecsbe egehej kaegeec yecf gbtecgeb
nhaj kafefehec sasanrecf uctuk `a`partejeckec kasab`mecfec tarjegep
kncgbsb stras obsbnhnfbs. Kafefehec bcb markebtec gacfec pacurucec geye
ka`e`puec
ka`e`puec uctuk jbgup
jbgup sarte pacbcfkete
pacbcfketec
c kapakeec
kapakeec saiere bcgbvbgueh
bcgbvbgueh
( Aoacgb,=442).
 

@esehej kasajetec yecf `uciuh pege hecsbe gepet marupe obsbnhnfbs

`eupuc
`eupuc psbknh
psbknhnfb
nfbs.
s. Marmef
Marmefeb
eb `eie`
`eie` pacyek
pacyekbt
bt eteu
eteu `esehej
`esehej kasajet
kasajetec
ec
yecf gepet `uciuh pege hecsbe ekbmet gerb pacurucec oucfsb nrfec tumuj,

yebtu saiere obsbnhnfbs sapartb jbpartacsb, ese` uret, ra`etbk, knhastarnh,

gbematas `ahbtus, strnka, kergbnveskuhar gec pacyekbt hebccye. Yagecfkec
saiere psbknhnfbs yebtu sapartb strass, kaia`esec, ga`acsbe gec gaprasb.

M. ]u`u
]u`use
sec
c `es
`eseh
ehej
ej
Marg
Marges
eserk
erkec
ec heter
heter ma
mahe
heke
kecf
cf gbet
gbetes
es `eke
`eke pa
pacu
cuhb
hbss bc
bcfb
fbc
c `acf
`acfat
atej
ejub
ub
 mefeb`ece esujec kaparewetec yecf tapet pege hecsbe gacfec G@

I. Wuluec
5. Wuluec Q`
Q`u`
Wulu
Wuluec
ec ge
gehe
he`
` pa
pacu
cuhb
hbsec
sec `eke
`ekehe
hej
j bc
bcbb eg
egeh
ehej
ej uc
uctu
tuk
k `acg
`acgep
epet
etke
kec
c
bconr`esb yecf hambj `acgehe` tactecf esujec kaparewetec yecf tapet
uctuk hecsbe gacfec pacyekbt Gbematas @ahbtus
=. Wulu
uluec Kjus
Kjusu
us
e. Epe
Epe gao
gaobc
bcbs
bsbb hec
hecsb
sbe>
e>
 m. Epe gaobcbsb gbematas `ahbtus>
i. Epe tarepb
tarepb `agbs yecf inink uctuk
uctuk hecsbe
hecsbe gacfec
gacfec gbematas
gbematas `ahbtus>
`ahbtus>
g. Mefeb`
Mefeb`ece
ece `acyusu
`acyusuc
c esujec
esujec kaparewet
kaparewetec
ec yecf tapet
tapet uctuk
uctuk hecsbe
hecsbe
gacfec gbematas `ahbtus>
 

MEM BB

TA@MEJEYEC

E. Hecsbe

5. Tacfa
cfartbe
rtbec
c
Yasanrecf
Yasanrecf gacfec usbe gbetes ?1 tejuc ekec gbketekec samefeb hecsbe.
Hecsbe `arupekec suetu tejepec heclut gerb prnsas kajbgupec `ecusbe
gb`ece ekec tarlegb prnsas pacurucec oucfsb tumuj (Yatbectn gehe`
Aooacgb, =442).

=. Khes
hesbobk
bobkes
esbb
@acuru
@acurutt VJN,
VJN, hecsbe
hecsbe gepet
gepet gbkhesb
gbkhesbobk
obkesb
esbkec
kec `acleg
`aclegbb (Cufrn
(Cufrnjn,
jn,

=442)<
e. Qsbe
Qsbe partac
partacfej
fejec
ec < 71-12
71-12 teju
tejuc
c (`bggha efa)
 m. Hecsbe < ?4-67 tejuc (ahgarhy)
i. Hecsbe
Hecsbe tue < 6
61-2
1-24
4 tteju
ejuc
c (nhg)
g. Hecsbe
Hecsbe secf
secfet
et tue
tue < 324 teju
tejuc
c (vary nhg)

Margeserkec
Margeserkec Qcgecf-Qcgec
Qcgecf-Qcgecf
f Cn`nr
Cn`nr 59 tejuc 522: gehe` Mem 5
Te
Tese
sehh 5 Eyet
Eyet =, Bc
Bcgn
gnca
casb
sbee `acf
`acfek
ekub
ub me
mejw
jwee me
mete
tese
sec
c he
hecs
csbe
be eg
egeh
ehej
ej
sasanrecf gacfec usbe hambj gerb ?4 tejuc.

9. Kerekt
Kerektarb
arbst
stbk
bk hecsbe
hecsbe (Gaw
(Gawb,
b, =457)
=457)
e. Maru
Marusbe
sbe 3 ?4
?4 tej
tejuc
uc..
 m. Kamutujec gec `esehej secfet marverbesb gerb ractecf sajet jbcffe
sekbt, gerb kamutujec mbnhnfbs jbcffe spbrbtueh, sarte gerb knpbcf yecf
egeptbo jbcffe `ehegeptbo.
i. Hbcfkucf
Hbcfkucfec
ec ta`pet
ta`pet tbcffeh
tbcffeh yecf
yecf marverb
marverbesb
esb

7. Wufes
Wufes parka`me
parka`mecfec
cfec hecsbe
hecsbe (Gawb,
(Gawb, =457)
=457)
e. @a`par
@a`parsbep
sbepkec
kec gbrb
gbrb gacfe
gacfec
c egecy
egecyee pacur
pacuruce
ucec
c kncgb
kncgbsb.
sb.
 m. @a`parsbepkec gbrb uctuk pacsbuc.

i. @a`mbc
@a`mbcee jumuc
jumucfec
fec yecf
yecf mebk
mebk gacfec
gacfec nrecf
nrecf sausbec
sausbecye.
ye.
 

g. @a`p
@a`par
arsbe
sbepk
pkec
ec ka
kajb
jbgu
gupe
pec
c me
meru
ru..
a. @a`par
@a`parsbep
sbepkec
kec gbrb
gbrb uctuk
uctuk ka`e
ka`etbec
tbeccye
cye gec
gec ka`et
ka`etbec
bec pesec
pesecfec
fec..

1. Tarum
Tarumeje
ejec
c Obsbk
Obsbk hecsbe
hecsbe (Gaw
(Gawb,
b, =457)
=457)
e. Ybsta
Ybsta`
` ke
kerg
rgbn
bnve
vesk
skuh
uhar
ar < ka
kaku
kuet
etec
ec nt
ntnt
nt lectu
lectucf
cf `acu
`acuru
ruc,
c, ke
ketu
tup
p
 lectucf `acfehe`b pacamehec, kahbstrbkec lectucf `uheb kurecf
aoaktbo 
 m. Ybsta` raspbresb < ntnt emgn`ac `aha`ej sajbcffe `acuruckec
useje
useje uctuk
uctuk bcspbr
bcspbresb
esb gec akspbres
akspbresb,
b, geye
geye rainbh
rainbh peru
peru `acuru
`acuruc,
c,
 pacamehec `a`mrec ehvanhb-kepbhar sajbcffe `acffecffu
 partukerec fes.
i. Ybsta` `uskuhnskah
`uskuhnskahateh
ateh < pacuru
pacurucec
cec `ese
`ese tuhecf,
tuhecf, kertbhefn
kertbhefn `acbpb
`acbpbss
sajbcffe sacgb `aclegb keku, `ese ntnt markurecf.
g. Ybsta` bctafu`ac
bctafu`ac < ahestbsbtes
ahestbsbtes kuhbt
kuhbt `acuru
`acuruc,
c, kuhbt
kuhbt `acbpbs
`acbpbs..
a. Ybsta
Ybsta`
` fe
fest
strn
rnbc
bctas
tastb
tbce
cehh < ra
raoh
ohak
ak `aca
`acahe
hec
c `aha
`aha`e
`ej,
j, sakra
sakrasb
sb ese`
ese`
he`mucf `acuruc, parbstehtbk usus `acuruc.
o. Ybst
Ybsta`
a` ur
urbc
bcer
erbe
be < pacu
pacuru
ruce
cec
c ke
kepe
pesb
sbte
tess ke
kecg
cguc
ucf
f ka
ka`b
`bj,
j, sa
sarb
rbcf
cf
kacibcf.
f. Ybsta`
Ybsta` sereo
sereo < tarlegb
tarlegb pacuruce
pacurucec
c lu`hej
lu`hej caurnc
caurnc gb ntek,
ntek, `ese ntek 
ntek 
 markurecf.

M. Gb
Gbem
emat
atas
as @ahh
@ahhbt
btus
us

5. Tacfa
cfartbe
rtbec
c
Gbematas `ahhbtus egehej fecffuec `atemnhbs`a yecf gbtecgeb gacfec
 pacbcfketec keger fuhe yecf gbsamemkec nhaj pacurucec sakrasb
bcsuhb
bcsuhbc
c (E`bc
(E`bc & Jergjb,
Jergjb, =459).
=459). Gbemat
Gbematas
as `ahhbt
`ahhbtus
us egehej
egehej pacyek
pacyekbt
bt
jbparf
jbparfhbk
hbka`b
a`bee yecf
yecf gbsame
gbsamemke
mkec
c kerace
keracec
c katbeg
katbegeec
eec emsnhu
emsnhutt bcsuhb
bcsuhbc
c
(Inrwbc, =442). Yajbcffe gepet gbsb`puhkec mejwe gbematas `ahhbtus
egehej pacyekbt yecf gbtecgeb gacfec pacbcfketec keger fuhe gehe`
 phes`e yecf gbsamemkec nhaj prnguksb bcsuhbc yecf `acuruc eteu
tbgek egecye bcsuhbc.
 

=. Khes
hesbobk
bobkes
esbb
e. Gbemat
Gbematas
as `ahhb
`ahhbtus
tus tbpa
tbpa B < BGG@
BGG@
Gbsamemkec nhaj karusekec sah mate puheu hecfarjecs ekbmet prnsas

eutnb`uc (E`bc & Jergjb, =459). Karusekec sah mate bcb gepet
gbsamemkec nhaj oektnr facatbk yecf gbpbiu nhaj oektnr hbcfkucfec
yecf `acyamemkec tarlegbcye eutnb`uc. Jeh bcb `acyamemkec
gbematas tbpa B `a`bhbkb kerektarbstbk yebtu katbegeec bcsuhbc emsnhut
gehe` tumuj. Yajbcffe tarepb mefb pacgarbte gbematas tbpa B yebtu jerus
`acgepet bcsuhbc pacffectb. Mbesecye tbpa B bcb gblu`peb pege
 pacgarbte yecf tbgek fa`uk, marusbe kurecf gerb 94 tejuc, gacfec
 parmecgbcfec para`puec hambj ractec tarkace gerb pege hekb-hekb
hekb-hekb
(Inrwbc, =442).

 m. Gbematas `ahhbtus tbpa BB < CBGG@

Gbsamemkec nhaj kafefehec rahetbo sah mate gec rasbstacsb bcsuhbc.
]asbsta
]asbstacsb
csb bcsuhb
bcsuhbc
c bcb marertb
marertb pacuru
pacurucec
cec ka`e`p
ka`e`puec
uec bcsuhb
bcsuhbc
c uctuk 
uctuk 
`arecf
`arecfsecf
secf pacfe`
pacfe`mbh
mbhec
ec fhukns
fhuknsee nhaj
nhaj lerbcfe
lerbcfec
c parboar
parboar gec uctuk 
uctuk 
`acfje`met prnguksb fhuknse nhaj jetb (E`bc & Jergjb =459).

9. Wecg
Wecge
e gec
gec fale
falehe
he
e. Fhukn
Fhuknse
se phes
phes`e
`e sawe
sawektu
ktu ≡ =44
=44 `f/gH
`f/gH
 m. Fhuknse phes`e : le` puese ≡ 5=? `f/gH
i. Fhukn
Fhuknse
se phes`e
phes`e = le` TT ≡ =44 `f/gH
`f/gH
g. Tnhb
Tnhbgb
gbps
psbb (`ug
(`ugej
ej je
jeus
us))
a. Tnhb
Tnhbur
urbe
be (sar
(sarbc
bcf
f kac
kacib
ibcf
cf))
o. Tnhb
Tnhboe
oefb
fbee (`ug
(`ugej
ej hep
heper
er))
f. Hahe
Hahej
j ge
gec
c `acf
`acfec
ectu
tuk 
k 
j. Kasa`utec
b. Feteh
 l. @ete kemur 
k. Tacurucec
Tacurucec maret megec
megec gec
gec kahahejec
kahahejec (tecge
(tecge gec
gec falehe
falehe khesbk
khesbk pege
pege
 pesbac hecsbe)
 

h. Kajb
Kajbhe
hecf
cfec
ec sah
sahar
aree `eke
`ekec
c
`. Bc
Bckn
knct
ctbc
bcasb
asbee
c. Tacu
Tacuru
ruce
cec
c pac
pacfh
fhbj
bjet
etec
ec

n. Kncou
Kncousb
sb eteu
eteu garele
garelett gahb
gahbrbu
rbu`
`
 p. Kncstbpesb eeu ka`mucf pege emgn`ac
emgn`ac (ekbmet jbpntncbsbtes
he`mucf)
q. ]atbcn
]atbcnpet
petbb eteu pa`m
pa`mact
actuke
ukec
c keterek
keterek
r. Tarumejec
Tarumejec kuhbt,
kuhbt, kjususcy
kjususcyee pege
pege tucfkeb
tucfkeb gec
gec kekb
kekb ekbmet
ekbmet karusekec
karusekec
sbrkuhesb parboar< ka`ucfkbcec kncgbsb kuhbt krncbs, sapartb sahuhbtbs
eteu huke yecf tbgek kuclucf sa`muj;turfnr kuhbt muruk gec
`amrec `uknse karbcf ekbmet gajbgresb
s. Tacurucec
Tacurucec cegb parboar,
parboar, kuhbt
kuhbt gbmfb,
gbmfb, pacurucec
pacurucec raohaks,
raohaks, gec
gec

ka`ucfkbcec cyarb parboar eteu kames

t. Jb
Jbpn
pnta
tacs
csbb nr
nrtn
tnst
stet
etbk 
bk 

7. Tetn
Tetnob
obsb
sbnh
nhnf
nfbb
Jbparfhbka`be yecf `acfehe`b pacgaabte gbsamemkec nhaj mamaere
oektn
oektnr,
r, sa
sasu
sueb
eb ga
gacf
cfec
ec tbpa
tbpa ge
gerb
rb gb
gbem
emats
ats saiere
saiere u`u`
u`u`.. G@ tbpa
tbpa B
 mebsecye gbtecgeb nhaj eutnb`uc. Gbematas bcb yecf pehbcf sarbcf
 marka`mecf pege ecek-ecek, mar`ecboastesb pege pumartes gec
`a`muruk salehec gacfec marte`mejcye usbe. Qctuk martejec jbgup

gbematas bcb `a`arhukec bcsuhbc aknfac sau`ur jbgupcye (Res`ere

 Cursbswetb,& Ereoe,=45?).
Gbematas Wbpa BB gbsamemkec nhaj femucfec gerb rasbstacsb bcsuhbc
yecf tbgek egakuet nhaj sah mate peckraes (gaobsacsb bcsuhbc rahetbo).
Kncgbgsb tarsamut gepet tarlegb kerace mamarepe oektnr gb ecterecye
facatbk,
facatbk, feye jbgup, gec gbat ekec `acyamemke
`acyamemkec
c tnharecsb
tnharecsb fhuknse
tarf
tarfec
ecf
ffu yec
yecf ekec
ekec `acf
`acfew
eweh
ehbb knc
ncgb
gbsb
sb G@ tbp
tbpa BB ga
gac
cfe
fec
c
`ecboastesb jbparfhbka`be (Res`ere, Cursbswetb,& Ereoet,=45?).
Kncgbs
Kncgbsbb jbparf
jbparfhbk
hbka`b
a`bee pege
pege pesbac
pesbac G@ tarsamu
tarsamutt mar`ec
mar`ecboa
boastes
stesbb

 pege tbfe falehe khesbk gbematas yebtu 9T  (pnhburbe, phbgbpsbe, gec
 

 pnhnoefbe). Tnhbu
nhburb
rbee (s
(sar
arbc
bcf
f mu
muec
ecf
f eb
ebrr kai
aibh
bh),
), ek
ekbm
bmet
et knc
ncgb
gbsb
sb
jbpa
jbparf
rfhb
hbka
ka`b
`bee `ahe
`ahe`p
`peu
eubb e`me
e`mecf
cf ra
raem
emsn
snrp
rpsb
sb fb
fbcl
cleh
eh sa
sajb
jbcf
cffe
fe
`acb`muhkec fhuknsurbe, kncgbsb fhuknsurbe saheclutcye `acyamemkec

gburasbs ns`ntbk sajbcffe tb`muh `ecboastesb mecyek muecf ebr kaibh

(Res`ere, Cusbswetb,&Ereoet,=45?).
Tnhbgbpsbe (sarbcf `arese jeus), kncgbsb pnhbgbpsbe secfet markebtec
aret gacfec
gacfec pnhbur
pnhburbe,
be, kerace
kerace mecyek
mecyekcye
cye pacfah
pacfahuer
uerem
em ierec
ierec tumuj
tumuj
`ahehub fbcleh gbte`mej kncgbsb tumuj `acfehe`b jbparps`nher  ekbmet
  ekbmet
 pacbcfketec fhuknse gehe` tumuj `acyamemkec kncgbsb tumuj
`acy
`acyam
amem
emke
kec
c kn
kncg
cgbsb
bsb tu
tumu
muj
j ek
ekec
ec `acf
`acfeh
ehe`
e`bb pa
pacu
curu
ruce
cec
c ie
iebre
brec
c
bc
bctr
tresa
esah.
h. Yahe
Yahecl
clut
utcy
cyee kn
kncg
cgbs
bsbb tarsam
tarsamut
ut `acy
`acyam
amem
emke
kec
c stb`
stb`uh
uhesb
esb
ns`nrasapnr puset jeus gb ntek sajbcffe pacgarbte gbematas `ahbtbus

sarbcf `acfahuj jeus (Res`ere, Cursbswetb,& Ereoet,=45?).

Tnhboe
Tnhboefbe
fbe (`acbc
(`acbcfke
fketke
tkec
c ceosu
ceosu `ekec)
`ekec),, kncgbs
kncgbsbb bcb gbsame
gbsamemke
mkec
c
 pacurucec bcsuhbc `acfekbmetkec pacffuceec fhuknse nhaj sah
`acuruc, sajbcffe pa`mactukec fhuknse gerb cnc-kermnjbgret, yebtu
gerb prntabc gec ha`ek (hbpnhbsbs). Tacbcfketec hbpnsbs gec ketemnhbs`a
 prntabc ekec `acyamekec kasab`mecfec acarfb cafetbo yecf ka`ugbe
ekec `acbcfketkec ceosu `ekec (Res`ere, Cursbswetb,& Eroej,=45?)
 

1. Kn`ph
n`phbk
bke
esb
Kn`phbkesb G@ tbpa = saiere u`u` gbmefb `aclegb gue yebtu<
kn`phbkesb ekut gec kn`phbkesb krncbs. Kn`phbkesb ekut G@ tbpa =
targ
targbr
brbb ge
gerb
rb Katn
Katnesb
esbgn
gnsb
sbss Gb
Gbem
emat
atbk
bk (KEG
(KEG),
), Jb
Jbpn
pnfh
fhbk
bka`
a`be
be,, ge
gec
c
 Jyparfhyia`bi Jyparns`nher Yteta (JJY). Kn`phbkesb krncbs G@
tbpa = gbmefb `aclegb gue yebtu `bkrnecfbnpetb gec `ekrnecfbnpetb.
Falehe
Falehe kn`phb
kn`phbkes
kesbb G@ tbpa
tbpa = secfet
secfet marver
marverbesb
besb,, `uheb
`uheb gerb
gerb safehe
safehe
rbcfec
rbcfec jbcffe
jbcffe gepet `acb`muhkec
`acb`muhkec ka`etbec,
ka`etbec, mebk kn`phbkesb
kn`phbkesb ekut
`eupuc kn`phbkesb krncbs (Yetrbewbmewe & Yereswetb, =45=).
@acurut
@acurut (Ka`actrbec
(Ka`actrbec Kasajetec ]B, =457) jbparfhbka`
jbparfhbka`be
be yecf
tarlegb gerb wektu ka wektu gepet `acyamemkec karusekec marmefeb
sb
sbst
sta`
a` tumu
tumuj
j taru
tarute
te`e
`e syer
syereo
eo ge
gec
c pa
pa`m
`muh
uhuj
uj ge
gere
rej.
j. Mama
Mamare
repe
pe
kncsakuacsb gerb gbematas yecf sarbcf tarlegb egehej<
e. @acbcf
@acbcfket
ketcye
cye rbsbkn
rbsbkn pacy
pacyekb
ekbtt lectuc
lectucf
f gec
gec strnk
strnkaa
 m. Caurnpetb (karusekec syereo) gb kekb yecf `acbcfket kalegbec
kalegbec
uhkus kekb, bcoaksb gec mejkec kajerusec uctuk e`putesb kekb
i. ]atbcn
]atbcnpet
petbb gbematb
gbematbku`
ku`,, yecf `aru
`arupek
pekec
ec sehej
sehej setu
setu pacyam
pacyamem
em
ute`e kamuteec, tarlegb ekbmet karusekec pa`muhuj gerej kaibh gb
ratbce
g. Gbemat
Gbematas
as `arupe
`arupekec
kec sehej
sehej setu
setu pacya
pacyamem
mem ute`
ute`ee fefeh
fefeh fbcleh
fbcleh
a. ]bsbkn
]bsbkn ka`e
ka`etbe
tbec
c pacgar
pacgarbte
bte gbema
gbematas
tas saiere
saiere u`u`
u`u` egeh
egehej
ej gue
gue kehb
hbpet gbmecgbcfkec mukec pacgarbte gbematas.

?. Ta`a
Ta`arb
rbks
ksee
eec
c Gb
Gbef
efcncnst
stbk
bk
e. Kege
Kegerr fhuk
fhukns
nsee saru`
saru` pu
puese
ese ge
gec
c pa
pa`a
`arb
rbke
kese
seec
ec tn
tnha
hare
recs
csbb fh
fhuk
ukns
nsee
`a`marbkec gbefcnsbs gaobctbo gbematas. Ekec tatepb pege hecsbe
 pa`arbkeseec fhuknse pnstprecgbeh = le` gec pa`arbkeseec
tnharecsb fhuknse preh hambj `a`mectu `acafekec gbefcnsbs kerace
hecsbe `ucfkbc `a`bhbkb keger fhuknse puese je`pbr cnr`eh tatepb
`acfehe`b jbparfhbka`be markapeclecfec satahej `ekec.
 

Gbefcnsbs mebesecye gbmuet satahej setu jerb tbfe krbtarbe marbkut

bcb tarpacujb <
5) Kncsactresb
Kncsactresb fhukn
fhuknse
se phes`e
phes`e eiek =44
=44 `f/gh
`f/gh eteu hambj tbcff
tbcffbb

=) Kncsactresb
Kncsactresb fhukn
fhuknse
se gerej puese 5=? `f/gh
`f/gh eteu
eteu hambj
hambj tbcffb
tbcffb
9) Keger
Keger fhuknse
fhuknse gerej
gerej puese
puese satahej
satahej esuepec
esuepec fhukns
fhuknsee par nreh
=44 `f/gh eteu hambj
 m. Ta`arbkseec ja`nfhnmbc tarfhbknsbhesb (ja`bfhnmbc E eteu
JmE5i)
JmE5i),, yecf
yecf `acffe
`acffe`me
`merke
rkec
c keger
keger rete-re
rete-rete
te fhukns
fhuknsee saru`
saru`
gehe` 9 muhec samahu`cye, mbesecye gbhekukec uctuk `a`ecteu
kaaoaktboec
kaaoaktboec tarepb ectbgbematbk.
ectbgbematbk. Ta`arbkseec
Ta`arbkseec bcb secfet marfuce,
tate
tatepb
pb pa
pacb
cbcf
cfke
kete
tec
c je
jesbh
sbh ta
tahej
hej gb
gbta
ta`u
`uke
kec
c pe
pege
ge hecsbe
hecsbe ga
gacf
cfec
ec
tnharecsb fhuknse cnr`eh.

i. Oruktn
Oruktnse`
se`bce
bce saru`
saru` yecf `acffe`
`acffe`mer
merkec
kec lkeger
lkeger fhukns
fhuknsee saru`
rete-re
rete-rete
te sahe`e
sahe`e = se`epe
se`epebb 9 `bcffu
`bcffu samahu
samahu`cy
`cye,
e, `arupe
`arupekec
kec
bcgbketnr
bcgbketnr yecf hambj mebk pege hecsbe kerace kurecf `acb`muhke
`acb`muhkec
c
kasehejec.

g. @acurut
@acurut Mermere
Mermere I. Hncf (5221
(5221 < 2) pa`arbksee
pa`arbkseec
c gbefcnstb
gbefcnstbk
k uctuk 
uctuk 
 pacyekbt gbematas `ahhbtus egehej<

Ta`arbkseec Trnsagur gec Bctarpratesb

 parsbepec

Fuhe gerej puese Tuese `uheb tacfej Krbtarbe gbefcnstbi

(FGT) < 64-554 `ehe` uctuk gbematas `bhhbtua
`f/gH phes`evace 3 574`f/gH pehcb
sagbkbt geh ` =x
 pa`arbkseec eteu 3
574 `f/gH gbsarteb
falehe khesbk 
jbparfhbka`be eteu
IFW < 551 < 574 `f/gH

Fuhe gerej = le` Fuhe

uhe gere
gerej
j gb
gbu
uku
kur 
r  Gbfucekec uctuk  
 pnstprecgbeh 8 574 =le
=le`
` satahej
satahej `ekec
`ekec skr
skrbcb
bcbcf
cf eteu
eteu avehue
avehuesb
sb
 

`f/gH maret eteu = le`  pacfnmetec, mukec

satahej `acgepet 544 gbefcnstbk
fr fuhe

Fuhe gerej sawektu < Gbfucekec uctuk  

574 `f/gH skrbcbcf mukec
gbefcnstbk

Krbta
rbtarb
rbee gb
gbef
efcn
cnst
stbk 
bk 
Was bctnharecsb Tues
Tuesee `uhe
`uhebb ta
tacf
cfej
ej uctuk gbematas `ahhbtus,
fhuknse nreh (WWFN). `ehe`, FGT gbe`mbh FGT < 574 `f/ gH.
FG 8 551`f/gH gbmarb 61 `f fhuknse, Wepb fuhe gerej = le`
se
se`p
`pah
ah gegere
rej
j (g(gec
ec gec pa`arbkseec
urbca) gbte`p
e`pucf heb
hebccy
ccyee 3 =44 =44 `f/gH
`f/gH
 pege satacfej 5, gec gehe` =x pa`arbkseec
pa`arbkseec
= le` kegecf-kegecf uctuk 5?1 FGT 8 574
 pege =,7, gec 1 le` `f/
f/ggH = le le`
` ececte
tere
re
 marbkut. 574
74-=-=4
44 `f/g`f/gH H gegecc
 pa`arbkseec uctuk 
BFW< FGT 8 574
`f/gH. WWFN
gbheku
gbh ekukec
kec jecye
jecye pege
pege
 pesbac yecf mames gbbt
gec marektbvbtes obsbk 9
jerb samahu` tas, tbgek 
gbeclurkec peg (5)
Jbpa
Jbparfrfha
hakb
kb`b
`bee ye
yecf
cf
sagecf puese (=) Nrecf
yecf `acgepet
tjbezbga, gbhectbc
 prnprecnhnh, Hesbx,
tbrnbg, astrnfac, pbh KM,
starnbg (9) pesbac yecf
gbrewet

Was tnharecsb
tnharecsb fhuknse
fhuknse Ye`e uctuk WWFN Gbhekukec
Gbhekukec lbke WWFN
bctrevace (WWFB) `arupekec knctre
bcgbkesb kahebcec
fe
festr
strnb
nbct
ctast
astbc
bceh
eh ye
yecf
cf
`a`pacferujb fhuknse
 

a. Trntnk
Trntnknh
nh tarep
tarepbb bcsuhb
bcsuhbc
c bc
bcous
ous bctr
bctreva
evace
ce

Ta`arbkseec Keger fuhe gerej Wbcgekec

Ta
Tarb
rbks
ksee kege
kegerr fhuk nsee 3==4 `f/gH
fhukns @uheb bcsuhbc =-7 ucbt/le`
gerej seet pesbac `esuk  @uheb bcsuhbc 5-= ucbt/le`
BIQ 554-==4 `f/gH Tarbkse fhuknse gerej tbep 7
 le`, bcsuhbc tbgek gbmarbkec
8 554 `f/gH

Ta
Tarb
rbks
ksee fhuk
fhukns
nsee gerej 3574 `f/gH
gerej  Cebkkec bcsuhbc 5-= ucbt/
tbep 5-= le` se`peb keger   le`
cnr`eh 554-574 `f/gH  Cebkkec bcsuhbc 4,1-5
ucbt/le`
Mbhe
Mbhe tari
tariep
epeb
eb ke
keger  Ya
ger  Yasu
sueb
ebke
kec
c bc
bcsu
suhb
hbc
c 4,
4,5-
5-4,
4,1
1
cnr`eh ucbt/le`

Tarbksee fhukns
Tarbks fhuknsee satbep
satbep 7 Mbhe
Mbhe kege
kegerr fh
fhuk
ukns
nsee Ya
Yasu
sueb
ebke
kec
c bcbcsu
suhb
hbc
c 4,
4,5-
5-4,
4,1
1
 le` `acgaketb cnr`eh ucbt/le`
Bcsuhbc gbpartejeckec

Keger fhuknse cnr`eh Wuruckec bcsuhbc

satacfejcye

Keger fhukns
Keger fhuknsee gerej
gerej Wur
Wuruck
uckec
ec bcsuhb
bcsuhbc,
c, parbks
parbksee
turuc martejep fhuknse gerej tbep 5 le`

74-?4 `f/gH 54 f mnhus bctrevace

6. Tace
Tacete
tehe
heks
ksec
ecee
eec
c
Tesbac yecf `acgarbte gbematas tbpa 5 `a`mutujkec pacffectbec
bcsuhbc gec pa`ectuec keger fhuknse saru` gec gbat sarte rafb`ac
hetb
hetbje
jec
c ye
yecf
cf ka
kate
tet.
t. Tesb
Tesbac
ac ye
yecf
cf `acg
`acgar
arbt
btee gb
gbem
emat
atas
as tbpa
tbpa = ge
gepe
pett
`a`arhukec nmet ectbematbk nreh uctuk `arecfsecf prnguksb bcsuhbc
acgnfac, `acbcfketkec sacsbtbvbtes bcsuhbc gb tbcfket sahuher, `acakec
 

fhukncanfacbs japetbk gec `aparhe`met emsnrpsb kermnjbgret gb FB.

Qctuk mamarepe pesba, keger fhbknse gerej gbknctrnh gacfec gbat gec
 parumejec feye jbgup sele.

Wargepet
Wargepet mar
marmef
mefeb
eb fnhncf
fnhncfec
ec nm
nmet
et uctuk
uctuk gbemat
gbematas
as `ahbtu
`ahbtuss tbpa
tbpa =
yecf
yecf gepet
gepet `a`mec
`a`mectu.
tu. Nmet-nm
Nmet-nmetec
etec bcb `aciek
`aciekup
up facares
facaresbb kague
kague
suhoncbhurae (sapartb fhbmurbge gec fhbpbzbge), bcjbmbtnr ehoe fhbknsbge
(sapartb kermnse gec `efhbtnh), mbfuecbge (sapartb `atonr`bc), fhbteznc
(sapartb rnsbfhbteznc) gec `afhbcbtbge (rapefhbcbge).
Nh
Nhej
ejref
refee `aru
`arupe
peke
kec
c serec
serecee ye
yecf
cf pa
pact
ctbc
bcf
f ge
gehe
he`
` `ace
`acecf
cfec
ecbb
gbemat
gbematas
as tbpa
tbpa =. Ektbvb
Ektbvbtes
tes obsbk
obsbk `acbcf
`acbcfket
ketkec
kec sacsbtb
sacsbtbvbt
vbtes
es bcsuhb
bcsuhbc,
c,
`a`p
`a`parm
armebk
ebkbb tnha
tnharec
recsb
sb fhuk
fhukns
nse,
e, me
mejw
jwee nh
nhej
ejre
refe
fe sa
sage
gecf
cf ge
gepe
pett
`a`parhe`met eteu `aiafej ewbtec gbematas uctuk hecsbe, pestbkec

tbcfke hetbjec
tbcfke hetbjec obsbk
obsbk sasueb
sasueb gacfec
gacfec tbcfke
tbcfkett kasaje
kasajetec
teccye
cye.. Nhejre
Nhejrefe
fe
yecf
yecf gbpb
gbpbhb
hbj
j uctu
uctuk k hecs
hecsbe
be `aci
`aciek
ekup
up mamarl
rleh
ehec
ec,, ma
mara
race
cecf
cf ge
gec
c
 marsapagej
e. Warepb @agbs
@acurut Kncsacsus EGE-AEYG (=44:) gehe` Kurcbewec
(=454)
(=454) `acfeclurk
`acfeclurkec
ec uctuk `ahekukec
`ahekukec bctarvacsb
bctarvacsb safae satahej
 pesbac targbefcnsbs `acgarbte G@. Bctarvacsb eweh egehej
kn
kn`m
`mbc
bcesb
esb `ngb
`ngbob
obke
kesb
sb fe
feye
ye jb
jbgu
gup
p ge
gec
c pa
pa`m
`mar
arbe
bec
c `ato
`atonr
nr`b
`bc.
c.
@ngbobkesb feye jbgup pege hecsbe pacgarbte G@ `ahbputb `aclefe

 pnhe `ekec (gbat) yecf mebk, nhejrefe gec pacurucec

pacurucec maret megec.
5. @ngb
@ngbobk
obkesb
esb fe
feye
ye jbgu
jbgup
p
e. Warepb gb
gbat
Warep
Warepbb gbat
gbat pe
pege
ge hecs
hecsbe
be ge
gepe
pett `aru
`arupe
peke
kec
c samue
samuej
j `eseh
`esehej
ej
tarsacg
tarsacgbrb
brb kerace
kerace egecye
egecye marmef
marmefeb
eb katarm
katarmete
etesec
sec,, ectere
ectere heb
hebc
c
 marupe< katarmetesec obcecsbeh, tbgek `e`pu `acyagbekec
 mejec `ekecec kerace `esehej trecspnrtesb/`nmbhbtes, tbgek 
`e`pu `acybepkec `ekecec (tarute`e pege hecsbe prbe tecpe
bst
bstrb),
rb), katarm
katarmetes
etesec
ec gehe`
gehe` `acfbk
`acfbkutb
utb bcstru
bcstruksb
ksb gbat
gbat kerace
kerace

egecyee fecffuec
egecy fecffuec oucfsb
oucfsb knfcbtbo,
knfcbtbo, markurecfc
markurecfcye
ye pacfaiepec
pacfaiepec
 

kerace markurecfcye kapakeec gec lu`hej rasaptnr pacfaiep,

`acbcfketcye kalegbec kncstbpesb pege hecsbe. Wnteh kehnrb gec
kn`pnsbsb `ekecec lufe jerus gbparjbtucfkec.

 m. Nhejrefe
Marbkut egehej partb`mecfec `ecoeet gec rbsbkn nhejrefe pege
hecsbe
@ecoeet<
5) Tacbcf
Tacbcfket
ketec
ec kakuet
kakuetec
ec ntnt
ntnt
=) Tacu
Tacuru
ruce
cec
c takec
takecec
ec gere
gerej
j
9) Tarmebk
Tarmebkec
ec tnharec
tnharecsb
sb fhukns
fhuknsee
7) Tacf
Tacfur
urec
ecfe
fec
c ha`ek
ha`ek tumu
tumuj
j
]bsbkn<

5) Iagare
Iagare pege
pege tuhe
tuhecf-
cf-sac
sacgb
gb gec
gec kekb
kekb
Kerac
Keracee pe
pege
ge hecs
hecsbe
be,, sarbc
sarbcfk
fkeh
ehbb gb
gblu
lu`p
`peb
eb lu
lufe
fe pa
pacy
cyek
ekbt
bt
 pacyarte sapartb nstanertjrbtbs, Terkbcsnc, fecffuec
 pacfhbjetec, gec fecffuec kasab`mecfec, `eke nhejrefe
samebkcye gbhekukec gbhbcfkucfec yecf `a`ecf gaket, gec
 lacbs nhejrefe yecf gbhekukec hambj marsboet bsntncbi
gerbpege bsn`atrbi
i. @atonr`bc
@atonr`bc gbeclurkec samefeb tarepb nmet hbcb parte`e uctuk 

sa`ue pesbac G@ tbpa = kaiuehb pege `arake yecf pucye

knctrebcgb
knctrebcgbkesb
kesb tarjegep
tarjegep `at`nrobc
`at`nrobc `bsehcye
`bsehcye fecffuec
fecffuec oucfsb
oucfsb
fbcleh
g. Yuho
Yuhonc
ncbh
bhur
urae
ae
Yuho
Yuhonc
ncbh
bhua
uare
re ge
gepe
pett gbfu
gbfuce
ceke
kec
c ka
katb
tbke
ke eg
egee ka
kaeg
egee
eec
c ye
yecf
cf
`arupekec
`arupekec knctrebcgb
knctrebcgbkesb
kesb uctuk `atonr`bc,
`atonr`bc, eteu gbfucekec
gbfucekec
samefeb gehe` kn`mbcesb gacfec `atonr`bc lbke fuhe gerej
 mahu` tariepeb. Ya`ue suhoncyhurae gepet `acyamemkec
jbpnfhbka
jbpnfhbka`be.
`be. Nhaj kerace
kerace btu, pa`marbecc
pa`marbeccye
ye jerus gb`uheb

gacfec
gacfec gnsbs yecf racgej gec gbtbcfketkec
gbtbcfketkec saiere martejep
martejep
 

uctu
uctuk
k `aci
`aciep
epeb
eb fuhe
fuhe ge
gere
rej
j te
terf
rfat
at,, sa
sa`m
`mer
erbb gb
gbhe
heku
kuke
kec
c
 pacfewesec uctuk `aciafej tarlegbcye aoak se`pbcf.
se`pbcf.
m. Kaparewetec

5. Gbematas
Gbematas Yaho
Yaho @ecefa
@ecefa`act
`act Aguietbnc
Aguietbnc marmesbs
marmesbs kahuerf
kahuerfee
GY@A  `arupekec suetu prnsas  markaheclutec yecf gbhekukec
uctuk   `a`oesb
`a`oesbhbte
hbtesb
sb pacfat
pacfateju
ejuec,
ec,  ka
kata
tare
re`p
`pbh
bhec
ec,, ge
gec
c
ka`e`puec khbac  gbematas `ahbtus uctuk `ahekukec  parewetec
 parewetec
`ecg
`ecgbrb
brb (Ouc
(Oucca
cahh
hh,, at eh
eh.,
.,  =4
=455
55).
). GY@A
GY@A ma
mart
rtul
ulue
uec
c uc
uctu
tuk 
k 
`acgukuc
`acgukucf
f pacfe`mbhe
pacfe`mbhec
c kaputusec,
kaputusec,  parbheku parewetec gbrb,
 pa`aiejec  `esehej gec knhemnresb ektbo gacfec  tb` kasajetec
uctuk `a`parmebkb  jesbh khbcbs, stetus kasajetec, gec   kuehbtes
jbgup (Jees, at eh., =45=).   GY@A `acfbctafresbkec hb`e pbher 

 pacetehekseceec G@ yecf  `acak

`acakeckec
eckec pege bctarvacsb
bctarvacsb
 parbheku  sa
saie
iere
re `ec
ecg
gbrb
brb (Cnr
(Cnrrb
rbss at eh
eh.,
., =4
=44=
4=).
).  GY@A
`acffucek
`acffucekec
ec `atnga
`atnga   pagn`ec, kncsahbcf, gec bctarvacsb
 parbheku uctuk `acbcfketkec  pacfatejuec `acfaceb gbematas
gec  `acbcfketkec katare`pbhec bcgbvbgu  gec kahuerfe gehe`
`acfahnhe   pacyekbt G@ (Leik at eh., =447).  Tacgaketec
 pacgbgbkec kasajetec  ga
gacf
cfec
ec `atn
`atnga
ga GY@A
GY@A tbge
tbgek
k je
jecy
cyee
sakage
sakagerr `acffu
`acffucek
cekec
ec `atnga
`atnga   pacyuhujec mebk hecfsucf
`eupuc  tbge
tbgek
k hecf
hecfsu
sucf
cf ce
ce`u
`uc
c ta
tahe
hej
j   marka`mecf gacfec

`acgnrncf  pertbsbpesb
 pertbsbpesb gec karlese`e gbematas gec kahuerfecye
(Fhesfnw & Ecgarsnc, 5222)
 

MEM BBB
EYQJEC KATA]EVEWEC

E. Onku
Onkuss Esujec
Esujec Kapare
Kaparewete
wetec
c Heclut
Heclut Qsbe
Qsbe
5. Tacbcf
Tacbcfket
ketec
ec kasahuru
kasahurujec
jec (jaehtj
(jaehtj prn`nt
prn`ntbnc
bnc))
=. Taciaf
Taciafeje
ejec
c pacy
pacyekb
ekbtt (prav
(pravact
actbo)
bo)
9. @acfnp
@acfnptb`
tb`ehk
ehkec
ec oucfsb
oucfsb `acteh
`acteh
7. @acfet
@acfetesb
esb fecf
fecffue
fuec
c kasaj
kasajete
etec
c u`u`
u`u`
e. Ta
Ta`a
`arb
rbks
ksee
eec
c obs
obsbk
bk<<
5. Ta`arbkseec
Ta`arbkseec gbhekukec
gbhekukec gacfec
gacfec iere
iere bcspaksb,
bcspaksb, pehpesb
pehpesb,, parkusb
parkusb gec
euskuhtesb uctuk `acfatejub parumejec sbsta` tumuj
=. Tacgaketec
Tacgaketec yecf gbfucekec
gbfucekec gehe` pa`arbkseec
pa`arbkseec obsbk yebtu<
yebtu<

e. Jaeg tn
tn tn
tna
 m. Ybsta` tumuj
 m. Tsbknhnfbs<
5. Epekej
Epekej `acf
`acface
acehh `esehej-
`esehej-`ese
`esehej
hej ute`e
ute`ecye
cye
=. Mefeb`
Mefeb`ece
ece sbkepc
sbkepcye
ye tarjeg
tarjegep
ep prnsas
prnsas pacue
pacueec
ec
9. Epekej
Epekej gbrbc
gbrbcye
ye `arese
`arese gbmut
gbmutuj
ujkec
kec eteu
eteu tbgek 
tbgek 
7. Epekej
Epekej nptb`b
nptb`bss gehe`
gehe` `a`ecg
`a`ecgecf
ecf suetu kajbgupec
kajbgupec
1. Mefeb`
Mefeb`ece
ece `acfe
`acfetesb
tesb stra
strass yecf
yecf gbehe`
gbehe`bb
?. Epekej
Epekej `ugej
`ugej gehe`
gehe` `acy
`acyasue
asuebke
bkec
c gbrb
gbrb

6. Epekej
Epekej heclu
heclutt usbe sarbcf
sarbcf `acf
`acfehe
ehe`b
`b kafefe
kafefehec
hec
:. Epekej
Epekej jerepe
jerepec
c seet
seet bcb gec ekec
ekec getec
getecf
f
2. Tarhu gbkelb lufe `acfac
`acfaceb
eb oucfsb
oucfsb knfcbtbo
knfcbtbo,, geye bcfet,
bcfet, ehe`
 pareseec, nrbactesb gec ka`e`puec gehe` `acyahasebkec `esehej.
i. Ynsb
Ynsbeh
eh ak
akn
ncn
cn`b
`b
5. Gerb
Gerb `ece
`ece su`mar
su`mar kaue
kauecfe
cfec
c heclut
heclut usbe
usbe
=. Epe sele
sele kasbmuke
kasbmukec
c heclut
heclut usbe
usbe gehe`
gehe` `acfbsb
`acfbsb wektu huecf
9. Gacf
Gacfec
ec sbep
sbepee gbe
gbe tbcf
tbcffe
fehh
7. Kafbet
Kafbetec
ec nrfecb
nrfecbsesb
sesb epe
epe yecf gbbku
gbbkutb
tb heclut
heclut usbe
usbe

1. Mefeb`ece
Mefeb`ece pecgec
pecgecfec
fec heclut
heclut usbe tarjege
tarjegep
p hbcfkuc
hbcfkucfeccy
feccyee
 

?. Marepe
Marepe sarbcf heclut
heclut usbe marjumu
marjumucfec
cfec gacfec
gacfec nrecf
nrecf hebc gb
gb huer
ru`ej
6. Ybepe
Ybepe sele
sele yecf
yecf mbese
mbese `acf
`acfuc
ucluc
lucfb
fb

:. Yamare
Yamarepe
pe maser
maser katarf
katarfect
ectucf
ucfecc
eccye
ye
2. Epekej
Epekej gepet
gepet `acyehurk
`acyehurkec
ec jnmb eteu kabcfbc
kabcfbcec
ec gacfec
gacfec oesbhbtes
oesbhbtes
yecf ege
g. Ypbrbtueh
5. Epekej
Epekej saiere
saiere taretur
taretur `ahekuk
`ahekukec
ec bmegej
bmegej sasueb
sasueb gacfec
gacfec kayekbcec
kayekbcec
efe`e
=. Epekej
Epekej saiere
saiere taretur
taretur `acfbku
`acfbkutb
tb eteu tarhbjet
tarhbjet ektbo
ektbo gehe`
gehe` kafbetec
kafbetec
kaefe`eec, `bsehcye pacfelbec, gec pacyectucec ecek yetb` eteu
oekbr `bskbc

9. Mefeb`ece
Mefeb`ece iere
iere heclut
heclut usbe
usbe `acyahas
`acyahasebkec
ebkec `esehej
`esehej epekej
epekej gacfec
gacfec
cerknme
7. Epekej
Epekej hecl
heclut
ut usbe
usbe tarhbje
tarhbjett semer gec
gec teweke
tewekehh

M. Tacf
Tacfke
kelb
lbec
ec Gese
Geserr
5. Wa`paretur 
=. Tu
Tuhs
hsaa ((ga
gacy
cyut
ut ce
cegb
gb))
9. ]aspb
]aspbre
resb
sb (par
(parce
ceoe
oese
sec)
c)
7. Maret megec parhejec-h
parhejec-hejec
ejec jbhecf
jbhecf pege
pege tejuc-tej
tejuc-tejuc
uc marekj
marekjbr 
br 

1. Wb
Wbcf
cfke
kett nr
nrba
bact
ctes
esbb
?. @a`n
@a`nry
ry (b(bcf
cfet
etec
ec))
6. Tnhe tbgur 
:. Tacy
Tacyas
asue
uebec
bec ps
psbk
bkns
nsns
nsbe
behh
e. Yb
Ybsta
sta`
` Fa
Facb
cbtn
tnur
urbc
bcer
erbu
buss
5. Verc
Vercee gec
gec me
meu
u urb
urbca
ca
=. Gbstacsb
Gbstacsb kecgucf
kecgucf ka`bj,
ka`bj, bcknctbcac
bcknctbcacsbe
sbe (tbgek
(tbgek gepet
gepet `acejec
`acejec uctuk
uctuk muecf
muecf
ebr kaibh)
9. Orakua
Orakuacsb
csb,, ttake
akecec
cec eteu
eteu gaseke
gasekec
c
7. Ta`esu
Ta`esukec
kec gec pacfah
pacfahuer
uerec
ec iebrec
iebrec

1. Gbsurbe
 

?. Yak
Yaksue
suehbtes
e) Kurecf
Kurecf `bce
`bcett uctuk
uctuk `aheku
`ahekukec
kec jumu
jumucfe
cfec
c saks
saks
 m) Egecye kaieietec snsbeh yecf `acferej
`acferej ka ektbvbtes snsbeh

5) Kuhbt
- Wa`paretur
Wa`paretur,, tbcfket kaha`mepec
kaha`mepec
- Kautujec
Kautujec huke, huke
huke tarmuke,
tarmuke, rnmakec
- Wurfnr
Wurfnr (kakacyehe
(kakacyehec
c kuhbt)
- Tarume
Tarumejec
jec pbf`ac
pbf`ac
- Egecye
Egecye lerbcfec
lerbcfec perut
- Kaegee
Kaegeec
c kuku
kuku
- Kaegee
Kaegeec
c re`mut
re`mut
- Egecye
Egecye fecffuec-fec
fecffuec-fecffue
ffuec
c u`u`

I. Gbe
Gbefcn
fcnse
se Kapa
Kapare
rewet
wetec
ec
5. Ob
Obsb
sbk/
k/ps
psbk
bknh
nhnf
nfbs
bs
e. Fecffuec
Fecffuec cutrbsb<
cutrbsb< kurecf
kurecf/marha
/marhambjec
mbjec gerb kasahu
kasahurujec
rujec tumuj se`peb
se`peb gacfec
gacfec
 pa`esukec yecf tbgek egakuet
 m. Fecffuec parsapsb sacsnrbk< pacgacferec
pacgacferec,, pacfhbjetec, se`peb gacfec
je`metec pacarb`eec gec pacfbrb`ec recfsecfec
i. Kurecfcye
Kurecfcye parewete
parewetec
c gbrb
gbrb se`peb
se`peb gacfec
gacfec pacurucec
pacurucec `bcet
`bcet gehe` `arew
`arewet
et
gbrb
g. Tntacsbeh
Tntacsbeh iagare
iagare obsbk
obsbk se`peb
se`peb g
gacfec
acfec pacurucec
pacurucec oucfsb
oucfsb tumuj
tumuj
a. Fecffu
Fecffuec
ec pnhe
pnhe se`peb
se`peb gacf
gacfec
ec kaia`
kaia`ese
esec
c eteu
eteu cyarb
cyarb
o. Fecffu
Fecffuec
ec `nmbh
`nmbhbte
btess obsbk
obsbk se`peb
se`peb gacf
gacfec
ec katac
katactue
tuec
c sacgb
sacgb

G. ]ac
]aciec
iece
e Kapa
Kaparew
rewet
etec
ec
@ahbputb<
5. @ahbmetkec
@ahbmetkec khbac gec kahuerfecy
kahuerfecyee gehe`
gehe` paraciec
paracieceec
eec
=. Makarle
Makarle se`e
se`e gacfec
gacfec prnoa
prnoasb
sb kasaje
kasajetec
tec hebcc
hebccye
ye
9. Wact
Wactuk
ukec
ec prb
prbnr
nrbt
btes
es
- Khbac `ucfkbc
`ucfkbc pues gacfec
gacfec sbtuesb ga`bkbec
ga`bkbec
- Mecfkbtkec
Mecfkbtkec parumejec
parumejec tatepb lecfec
lecfec `a`ekseke
`a`eksekec
c
- Kae`ecec eteu rese e`ec egehej ute`e yecf `arupekec kamutujec
 

7. Iafej
Iafej tb`muh
tb`muhcye
cye `esehej
`esehej-`es
-`esehej
ehej
1. Yagbekec
Yagbekec khbac
khbac iukup
iukup wektu
wektu uctuk
uctuk `acgepe
`acgepett bcput
bcput eteu pa`esuk
pa`esukec
ec
?. Wuhbs
Wuhbs sa`ue
sa`ue raciec
raciecee gec
gec leg
legweh
weh

5) Tara
Taraci
ciec
ecee
eec
c
Wuluec tbcgekec kaparewetec heclut usbe gberejkec pege pa`acujec
kamutujec geser ectere hebc<
5. Ta`acu
Ta`acujec
jec kamutu
kamutujec
jec cutrbsb
cutrbsb
=. Tacbcf
Tacbcfket
ketec
ec kae`e
kae`ecec
cec gec
gec kasah
kasahe`e
e`etec
tec
9. @a`a
@a`ahb
hbje
jere
re kama
kamarsb
rsbje
jec
c gbrb
gbrb
7. @a`ahbj
@a`ahbjere
ere kasab`m
kasab`mecf
ecfec
ec bstbrej
bstbrejet/
et/tbg
tbgur 
ur 
1. @acbcfketc
@acbcfketcye
ye jumucfe
jumucfec
c bctarparsnc
bctarparsnceh
eh `ahehub
`ahehub kn`ucbk
kn`ucbkesb
esb aoaktbo 
aoaktbo 
=) Wbcgek
Wbcgekec
ec `aciaf
`aciafej
ej kaiah
kaiaheke
ekeec
ec

  Khbac/heclut usbe
5. Mberkec
Mberkec heclut
heclut usbe `acff
`acffuceke
ucekec
c ehet mectu
mectu uctuk
uctuk `acbcfketk
`acbcfketkec
ec
kasahe`etec
=. Hetbj heclut
heclut usbe uctuk
uctuk pbcgej
pbcgej gerb ta`pet
ta`pet tbgur,
tbgur, lbke
lbke tbgur 
tbgur 
9. Mbhe `acfehe
`acfehe`b
`b `esehej
`esehej obsbk,
obsbk, `bsehcye
`bsehcye ra`etbk,
ra`etbk, hetbj
hetbj khbac
khbac uctuk
uctuk
`acffucekec ehet mectu marlehec
7. Mectu khbac ka ke`er
ke`er `ecgb
`ecgb tarute`e
tarute`e uctuk heclut
heclut usbe yecf
`acffucekec ehet pacacecf/gburatbk
1. @acffuceke
@acffucekec
c keie`ete
keie`ete mbhe
mbhe marlehec
marlehec eteu `aheku
`ahekukec
kec sasuetu
sasuetu

?. Qsejek
Qsejekec
ec ege yecf
yecf `aca
`aca`ec
`ecbb lbke mapa
maparfb
rfbec
ec

A. B`pha`
B`pha`ac
actes
tesbb Kapare
Kaparewet
wetec
ec
@ahbputb<
5. Wu`muj
Wu`mujkec
kec gec mbce
mbce sehbc
sehbcf
f pa
pariey
rieyee
=. Yagb
Yagbek
ekec
ec iuku
iukup
p pacar
pacarec
ecfe
fec
c
- Tac
Tacar
arec
ecfe
fec
c eehe
he`
` ham
hambj
bj mebk 
mebk 
- Jb
Jbcg
cger
erke
kec
c ie
ieje
jeye
ye ye
yecf
cf `acy
`acybh
bheu
euke
kec
c
- Tacarec
Tacarecfec
fec `ehe`
`ehe` sapecl
sapeclecf
ecf wekt
wektu
u gb ke`e
ke`err `ecgb
`ecgb gec
gec ruecf
ruecfec
ec

9. Wbcfke
Wbcfketke
tkec
c recfsec
recfsecfec
fec pecie
pecie bcgar
bcgaree `ahehub
`ahehub
 

- Muku
Muku-m
-muk
uku
u yec
yecf
f gbi
gbiat
atek
ek mase
maser 
r 
- Taru
Tarume
meje
jec
c hbc
hbcfku
kucf
cfec
ec
- Marb
Marbke
kec
c werc
werce-w
e-werc
ercee yecf
yecf gep
gepet
et gbh
gbhbj
bjet
et khb
khbac
ac
 

MEM B_

KEYQY

O. Tacfke
cfkelb
lbe
ec
5. Bgactbtes
 Cy. Y maru`ur ?4 tejuc, lacbs kahe`bc para`puec, sugej kewbc,
 marefe`e bshe`, suku lewe gec markamecfseec Bcgncasbe.
=. ]bweye
]bweyett pakarl
pakarleec
eec gec
gec stetu
stetuss akncn`
akncn`bb
Wc. \ `acfetekec sa`aclek sekbt gbematas tbgek makarle hefb jecye Wc. \
`aclef
`aclefee werucf
werucf gbse`p
gbse`pbcf
bcf ru`ejc
ru`ejcye,
ye, pakarl
pakarleec
eec samahu
samahu`cy
`cyee Wc.
Wc. \

samefeb caheyec gec `aclueh bkec jesbh tecfkepeccye ka peser sagecfkec

 Cy. Y makarle samefeb patecb gec `a`mectu sue`bcye uctuk martecb
gbse
gbsewe
wej.
j. Tacg
Tacgep
epet
etec
ec Cy.
Cy. Y tbge
tbgek
k `aca
`acact
ctu
u ge
gehe
he`
` 5 mu
muhe
hec,
c, ye
yebt
btu
u µ
914.44
914.444/m
4/muhe
uhec.
c. Gec ecek
ecek setu-set
setu-setucy
ucyee tarkeg
tarkegecf
ecf `eu `a`mar
`a`marbb uecf
uecf
te`mejec pege nrecf tuecye.
9. Hbcfkucfec
Hbcfkucfec ta`pet tbcffeh
tbcffeh kamarsbjec
kamarsbjec gec karepbjec
karepbjec
]u`ej Wc. \ `arupekec ru`ej `bhbk prbmegb gacfec ukurec kurecf hambj
544 `=. War`esuk ru`ej par`ecact, margbcgbcf ta`mnk hectebcye gerb
sa`ac. @a`pucyeb 5 ruecf te`u, = ke`er tbgur, 5 ruecf `ekec, 5 gepur,

5 ke`er `ecgb gec VI. Yeet gbhekukec pacfkelbec vactbhesb ru`ej sugej
`aciukupb 54% gerb tnteh mecfucec gec hbcfkucfeccye te`pek kurecf
 marsbj, mecyek hewe-hewe gbvactbhesb gec lacgahe. Tacarecfec gehe`
ruecfec gbru`ej Wc. \ kurecf tarecf pege sbecf jerb gbkeracekec lacgahe
ru`ej
ru`ej lerecf
lerecf gbmuk
gbmukee sajbcf
sajbcffe
fe sbrkuhe
sbrkuhesb
sb gehe`
gehe` ruecfe
ruecfec
c tbgek
tbgek cye`ec
cye`ec,,
kaegeec ke`er tbgur kurecf repb, gepur tarhbjet marectekec kerace ehet-ehet
gepur tbgek gbsusuc gacfec repb, ke`er `ecgb te`pek kntnr gec marhu`ut.
Kahuerfe `a`parnhaj ebr `bcu` gerb su`ur pn`pe yecf ege gbru`ejcye.
Kuehbtes ebr larcbj gec tbgek marmeu. Kahuerfe sahehu `a`esek ebr su`ur 

se`peb `acgbgbj.
`acgbgbj. Tarsagbeec
Tarsagbeec ebr `aciukupb
`aciukupb kamutujec kahuerfe, epembhe
 

 pn`pe rusek kahuerfe maruseje uctuk `a`mahb ebr `bcu`. Kahuerfe

`a`p
`a`puc
ucye
yebb le`m
le`mec
ec sa
sacg
cgbrb
brb,, pa
pa`m
`mue
uecf
cfec
ec tbcl
tbclee `aheh
`ahehub
ub sa
sapt
ptbk
bk te
teck
ck..
Kambeseec kahuerfe Wc. \ `a`ahbjere le`mec tbgek gb`ecoeetkec gacfec

 mebk sajbcffe le`mec `aclegb tu`pukec se`pej, tbgek tarpahbjere gec

 marmeu.
Kahuerfe
Kahuerfe `a`bhbkb
`a`bhbkb ta`pet
ta`pet pa`muecfe
pa`muecfec
c se`pej gec mbesecye
mbesecye kahuerfe
kahuerfe
`a`meker se`pej gbmahekecf ru`ejcye. Tacfnhejec ebr hb`mej kahuerfe
kurecf
kurecf mebk,
mebk, gbmuec
gbmuecf
f ka sahnkec
sahnkec gec tarsu`m
tarsu`met
et ekbmet
ekbmet se`pej
se`pej yecf
yecf
gbmu
gbmuec
ecf
f sa
sa`m
`mer
erec
ecfe
fec.
c. Hbcf
Hbcfku
kucf
cfec
ec ru
ru`e
`ej
j Cy.
Cy. Y te
te`p
`pek
ek ma
mars
rsbj
bj,,
 pakerecfec tbgek gb`ecoeetkec saiere `eksb`eh jecye ege mamarepe
tece`ec sele.
7. ]bwe
]bweye
yett Kas
Kasaj
ajet
etec
ec

e. Ytetu
Ytetuss kas
kasaj
ajet
etec
ec seet
seet bcb
bcb
Kaegee
Kaegeec
c Cy. Y seet bcb kurecf
kurecf `a`mebk.
`a`mebk. Khbac
Khbac `acfah
`acfahuj
uj gacfec
gacfec
 pacyekbtcye, khbac `acfetekec `acgarbte pacyekbt gbematas, ege huke
 pege bmu lerb kekb samahej kecec marwerce `arej sakbter = i` gec
tbgek sa`muj salek 9 muhec yecf hehu. Huke sugej gbnmetb, ce`uc
 mahu` mbse sa`muj se`peb sakerecf. Cy. Y `arese mecyek `bcu` tepb
 lufe mecyek kacibcf weheupuc pege gesercye Cy. Y lufe ugej sarbcf
`bcu`
`bcu` mecyek
mecyek.. Khbac
Khbac te`pek
te`pek ha`es,
ha`es, sarbcf
sarbcf cfectu
cfectuk,
k, maret
maret megec
megec
`acuruc gerb 61 kf `aclegb ?4 kf, `uknse `uhut gec mbmbr khbac

karbcf, pecgecfec kemur gec khbac ia`es gacfec kncgbsbcye seet bcb.
Kahuer
Kahuerfe
fe `acfet
`acfeteke
ekec
c Cy. Y gbmewe
gbmewe marnme
marnmett ka puskas
puskas`es
`es ce`uc
ce`uc
 pacyekbtcye tbgek mbse sa`muj kerace lerecf knctrnh
knctrnh ka puskas`es.
 m. ]bweyet kasajetec `ese hehu
Wc. \ `acfetekec tbgek ege pacyekbt `ese hehu gec tbgek ege eharfb
tarjeg
tarjegep
ep `ekece
`ekecec,
c, nmet-nm
nmet-nmetec
etec gec tbgek
tbgek parcej
parcej ecffnt
ecffntee kahuer
kahuerfe
fe
yecf
yecf `acfeh
`acfehe`b
e`b kaiahe
kaiahekee
keec.
c. Cy. Y `acfet
`acfeteke
ekec
c lbke
lbke ege ecffnt
ecffntee
kahuerfe yecf sekbt, Cy.Y jecye `a`bcu` nmet yecf ege gbwerucfcye
gec lbke tbgek sa`muj lufe Cy.Y maruseje `a`mewe marnmet ka khbcbk 
 

`eupuc puskas`es. Kahuerfe lufe `acfetekec tbgek parcej gbrewet

gbru`ej sekbt.
1. Tnhe
Tnhe ou
oucf
cfsb
sbnc
nceh
eh

e. Tarsap
Tarsapsb
sb kasaje
kasajetec
tec gec
gec pnhe
pnhe `ecela`
`ecela`ac
ac kasaje
kasajetec
tec
Kahuer
Kahuerfe
fe `acfet
`acfeteke
ekec
c sahehu
sahehu `aclef
`aclefee kasaje
kasajetec
teccye
cye gacfec
gacfec `ekec
`ekec
taretur. Khbac tbgek ege rbweyet `arnknk `eupuc `bcu`-`bcu`ec
kares. Lbke ecffnte kahuerfe sekbt, kahuerfe `a`bcu` nmet yecf ege
gbwerucfcye `eupuc nmet yecf tahej gbrasapkec nhaj gnktar.
 m. Cutrbsb `atemnhbk 
Kambeseec
Kambeseec kahuerfe uctuk `ekec gec `bcu` satbep ecffnte kahuerfe
tbgek se`e. Cy. Y `a`pucyeb kambeseec `ekec tbgek tactu kegecf =x
eteu mbse hambj, suke `ekec-`ekecec yecf `ecbs gec kegecf tbgek 

tactu marepe kehb gehe` sajerb ce`uc uctuk `bcu` khbac hambj sacecf
`bcu
`bcu`
` taj
taj yecf
yecf kact
kacteh
eh gec
gec `ecb
`ecbs.
s. Kh
Khba
bac
c `acf
`acfet
etek
ekec
ec sa
sata
tahe
hej
j
`acfatejub
`acfatejub `acgarbte
`acgarbte gbematas,
gbematas, khbac `acfurecf
`acfurecfbb `ekec-`ekec
`ekec-`ekecec
ec
yecf `ecbs. Khbac `acfetekec satbep `ekec jecye `acfjembskec °
 pnrsb kerace tekut fuhe gerej sa`ekbc cebk. Yagecfkec Wc. \ gec
ecekc
ecekcye
ye `ekec
`ekec saegecy
saegecyee 9x sajerb,
sajerb, kambese
kambeseec
ec `bcu`
`bcu` tarfect
tarfectucf
ucf
ektbvbtes, katbke ektbvbtescye maret `bcu`cye mbse hambj gerb = hbtar 
 parjerb, katbke ektbvbtescye mbese jecye `bcu` 7-1 fahes marupe ebr 
 putbj gec ebr taj.

i. Ahb`bcesb
 Cy. Y mbese MEM 5x/jerb, MEK tarfectucf mecyekcye ebr yecf Wc. \
`bcu` keheu `bcu`cye mecyek MEK mbse hambj gerb 9x. Cy. Y mecyek 
`bcu`
`bcu` sajbcf
sajbcffe
fe gb sarbcf
sarbcf kehb
kehb kacibc
kacibcf
f tarkeg
tarkegecf
ecf se`peb
se`peb 54 kehb
kehb
sagecfkec uctuk MEM mbesecye 5 kehb sajerb.
g. Ektbv
Ektbvbtes
btes pnhe
pnhe hhetbj
etbjec
ec rutb
rutbcbt
cbtes
es
Kahuerfe
Kahuerfe `acfetekec
`acfetekec `ecgb
`ecgb =x sajerb, fnsnk fbfb =x sajerb, kare`es
sakehb = jerb, gec fectb pekebec tbep kehb sahaseb `ecgb. Kafbetec yecf
 mbese gbhekukec Cy. Y gec Wc.\ egehej lehec-lehec gbsakbter ru`ej
 

se`mbh marmbciecf-mbciecf gacfec tatecffe gaket ru`ej `arake. Wc.

\ `acfetekec kegecf-kegecf kekbcye kasa`utec.

a. Tnhe
Tnhe bs
bstb
tbrej
rejet
et ge
gec
c tbgu
tbgur 
r 
Wc. \ lerecf sakehb tbgur sbecf, kerace tbep jerb parfb kasewej. Wbgur 
sbecf le`cye tbgek tactu gec tbgur `ehe` gerb pukuh ==.44 se`peb
gacfec 47.94 VBM eteu katbke egzec sumuj satahej btu tbgek tbgur hefb
sagecfkec Cy. Y lerecf tbgur sbecf eteu je`pbr tbgek parcej tbgur 
sbecf, uctuk `ehe` mbesecye tbgur gbetes pukuh =5.44 se`peb gacfec
41.44 VBM gec satahej btu tbgek tbgur hefb.
o. Tnhe
Tnhe knfc
knfcbt
btbo
bo pars
parsap
apsb
sb

 Cy. Y `acfetekec `ete samahej kbrb tbgek mbse `ahbjet gacfec lahes,
 pecfecfec kemur tarute`e `aclahecf `ehe` jerb. Khbac `acfetekec
ep
epem
embh
bhee ka
kahu
huer
er ru
ruec
ecfe
fec
c eteu
eteu le
lehe
hec-l
c-leh
ehec
ec gb sa
sakb
kbte
terr ru
ru`e
`ej
j je
jeru
russ
`a`afecf gbcgbcf tarhambj gejuhu samefeb snkncfec. Khbac te`pek 
 marlehec se`mbh `a`afecf gbcgbcf eteu pekeb tncfket. Khbac te`pek 
tbgek teju gec tbgek `ahbjet gacfec lahes pege seet sasanrecf getecf
karu`ej gec `acecyekec kapege parewet sbepe yecf getecf. Khbac
`acfetekec tbgek teju kn`phbkesb gerb gbematas `ahhbtus, pacyamem gec
 parewetec gbematas tarute`e pege huke yecf ege gblerb kekb samahej

kececcye.
f. Tarsap
Tarsapsb
sb gbrb
gbrb-pn
-pnhe
he kncs
kncsaps
apsbb g
gbrb
brb
 Cy. Y marecffepec mejwe be `e`pu `a`mbeyeb kamutujec jbgup. Cy.
Y `es
`esbj
bj tat
tatep
ep sa`ecf
sa`ecfet
et `askbp
`askbpuc
uc sugej
sugej tue gec sue`b
sue`b tek gepet
 makarle hefb. Cy. Y `acfetekec tatecffe-tatecffecye secfet mebk 
kapege `arake gec `eu sehbcf `a`mectu gacfec sase`e.
j. Tnhe
Tnhe pa
parec
rec-ju
-jumu
mucf
cfec
ec
Wc. \ `acfetekec pareccye samefeb eyej gec sue`b gbkahuerfe secfet
 pactbcf gec marjerfe `askbpuc bstrb seet bcb sagecf `acfehe`b

 pacyekbt gbematas. Gec Cy. Y samefeb

sa mefeb bstrb jecye mbse `a`mectu uctuk 
 

`aclef
`aclefee werucf
werucf gbru`e
gbru`ej
j gec `acgep
`acgepet
et pacfje
pacfjesbh
sbhec
ec saiukup
saiukupcye
cye,,
sagecfkec Ec. E yecf marparec samefeb ecek gec makarle `acfeler 
ecek Y@T gec `eu `a`mectu kague nrecf tuecye uctuk `ahekukec

ektbvbtes sajerb-jerb.

b. Yaksuehbtes
 Cy. Y `a`pucyeb 5 nrecf ecek yecf sugej gawese gec mahu`
`acbkej.
`acbkej. Cy. Y sugej tbgek parcej `ahekukec
`ahekukec jumucfec saksueh hefb
kerace `acgarbte pacyekbt gbematas.
 l. Knpbcf-pnhe tnharecsb strass
Wc. \ `acfetekec lbke ege kasuhbtec gehe` kahuerfe, `esbj `e`pu
uctuk
uctuk `acfet
`acfetesbc
esbcye
ye gacfec
gacfec iere mar`us
mar`usyew
yewere
erej
j gacfec
gacfec ecffnt
ecffntee

kahuerfe gbru`ej.
k. Cb
Cbhe
hebb kaye
kayekb
kbce
cec
c
 Cy. Y `acfecut efe`e Bshe` gec parieye tarjegep efe` yecf
gbec
gbecut
utcy
cye.
e. Cy.
Cy. Y `acf
`acfet
etek
ekec
ec saheh
sahehu
u ma
marg
rgne
ne ka
kape
pege
ge Wuje
Wujec
c lbke
lbke
kahuerfe ege `esehej.

?. Ta
Ta`a
`arb
rbks
ksee
eec
c obs
obsbk 
bk 
e. Kaegeec u`u` < In`pns `actbs
 m. WW_ < WG <594/:4 ``Jf

 W < 9?,= n I
  ]] < =4x/`acbt
i. MM/WM < ?4Kf/511i`
g. Kapehe
]e`mut < pacgak, hurus gec jbte` gec `uheb `a`utbj
@ete < knclucftbve tbgek eca`bs gec skhare tbgek bktarbk 
Wahbcfe < marsbj, tbgek ege saru`ac
@uhut < kntnr gec targepet kerecf fbfb
Fbfb < tb
tbgek ha
hacfkep, su
sugej eg
ege ye
yecf ma
marhumecf ge
gec

n`pncf
 

Mbmbr < te`pek ha`mem

Gege < sb`atrbs gec tbgek ege pa`macfkekec
Emgn`ac < sb`atrbs, tbgek targepet cyarb takec

Kuhbt < marwerce sewn `etecf, gec tbgek puiet

Akst
strra`btes < sb`atrbs, gec kakuetec ntnt mebk.
6. Ecehbse Gete
 Cn Ybfc ecg Yy`ptn`
Yy`ptn` Atbnhnfb Trnmha`
5. GY < Fecffuec Fecffuec bctafrbtes kuhbt
- Kh
Khba
bac
c `acf
`acfet
etek
ekec
ec ege
ege huke
huke pege
pege `atemnhbs`a
bmu lerb kekb samahej kecec yecf
tbgek sa`muj salek 9 muhec yecf
hehu. Huke sugej gbnmetb, ce`uc

se`p
se`peb
eb sakere
sakerecf
cf hu
huke
ke tarsa
tarsamu
mutt
tbgek sa`muj-sa`muj.
GN <
- Gb
Gbta
ta`u
`uke
kec
c egecy
egecyee huke
huke pege
pege bmu
bmu
 lerb kekb samahej kecec marwerce
`arej sakbter = i`.

=. GY< Oektnr ps
psbknhnfbs Gaobsbt Cu
Cutrbsb
- Khbac `acfetekec satahej
`acfat
`acfateju
ejubb `acgar
`acgarbte
bte gbemat
gbematas,
as,
khbac `acfurecfb `ekec-
`ekecec yecf `ecbs.
- Khba
Khbac
c `ac
`acfete
feteke
kec
c sa
satb
tbep
ep `ek
`ekec
jecy
jecyee `acf
`acfje
jemb
mbsk
skec
ec ° pnrs
pnrsbb
kerace tekut fuhe gerej sa`ekbc
cebk.
GN<
- Khbac te`p
e`pek ha`es gec sarb
rbc
cf
cfectuk.
 

- Maret
aret meg
megec khba
khbac
c `acu
acuruc
ruc ger
erbb
61 kf `aclegb ?4 kf.
- B@W < =7,26

9. GY < Tacurucec katele`ec ]asbkn iagare

- Khba
Khbac
c `acf
`acfet
etek
ekec
ec `et
`etee sama
samahe
hej
j  pacfhbjetec
kbrb
kbrb tbge
tbgek
k mbse
mbse `ahb
`ahbje
jett ga
gacf
cfec
ec
 lahes, pecgecfec kemur tarute`e
`aclahecf `ehe` jerb.
- Khba
Khbac
c `ac
`acfete
feteke
kec
c epem
epembh
bhee kahue
ahuer 
r 
ruecfec eteu lehec-lehec gb sakbter 
ru`ej jerus `a`afecf
`a`afecf gbcgbcf
gbcgbcf
tarhambj gejuhu samefeb snkncfec.

GN <
- Kh
Khba
bac
c te`
te`pe
pek
k tbg
tbgek
ek teju
teju ge
gec
c tbg
tbgek 
ek 
`ahb
`ahbjet
jet ga
gacf
cfec
ec lahe
lahess pe
pege
ge seet
seet
sasanre
sasanrecf
cf getecf
getecf karu`e
karu`ej
j gec
`ace
`acecy
cyek
ekec
ec kape
kapege
ge pare
parewe
wett
sbepe yecf getecf.
- Khbac
te`pek marlehec se`mbh
`a`a
`a`afe
fecf
cf gbcg
gbcgbc
bcf
f eteu
eteu pe
peke
kebb

tncfket.
- Tacarecfec
ge
gehe`
he` ru
ruec
ecfe
fec
c gbru
gbru`e
`ej
j Wc.
Wc. \
ku
kure
recf
cf tarec
tarecf
f pe
pege
ge sb
sbec
ecf
f je
jerb
rb
gbkeracekec lacgahe ru`ej lerecf
gbmuke.

7. GY < Katbgek`e`puec Gaobsbt pacfatejuec

- Khbac `acfetekec tbgek teju kahuerfe `arewet `acfaceb pacyekbt
kn`phbkesb gerb gbematas `ahhbtus, ecffnte kahuerfe yecf gbematas `ahhbtus
 

 pacyamem gec parewetec gbematas sekbt

taru
tarute
te`e
`e peg
egee huke
huke yecf
ecf eg
egee
gblerb kekb samahej kececcye.

GN <
- Wargepet
hu
huke
ke pe
pege
ge bm
bmu
u lerb
lerb ke
kekb
kb sa
sama
mahe
hej
j
kecec
kecec marwer
marwerce
ce `arej
`arej sakbter
sakbter =
i` gec
gec tbge
tbgek
k sa
sa`
`muj
muj sa
sale
lek
k 9
 muhec yecf hehu. Huke sugej
gbnmetb, ce`uc mahu` mbse

sa`muj se`peb sakerecf.

- Khbac
te`pek ia`es gacfec kncgbsbcye
- Kahuerfe
tbge
tbgek
k teju
teju tact
tactec
ecf
f pare
parewe
wete
tec
c
gbematas `ahhbtus

F. Gbefcnse Kaparewetec (YGKB, =456)

5. Fecffuec
Fecffuec bctafrbt
bctafrbtes
es kuhbt marjum
marjumucfe
ucfec
c gacfec
gacfec fecffuec
fecffuec `atemnh
`atemnhbk 
bk 
=. ]asbkn iagare marjum
marjumucfec
ucfec gacfec
gacfec pacuru
pacurucec
cec katele`ec
katele`ec pacfhb
pacfhbjetec
jetec
9. Gaobsbt pacfate
pacfatejuec
juec `acface
`acfacebb pacyekbt
pacyekbt gbematas
gbematas `ahhbtus
`ahhbtus marjumu
marjumucfec
cfec
gacfec katbgek`e`puec kahuerfe `arewet ecffnte kahuerfe yecf sekbt
7. Gaobsbt cutrbsb
cutrbsb marjumu
marjumucfec
cfec gacfec
gacfec oektnr
oektnr psbknhnfb
psbknhnfbss

J. Bctarvac
Bctarvacsb
sb Kaparewe
Kaparewetec
tec (YHKB,
(YHKB, =45:)
=45:)
5. Gaobs
Gaobsbt
bt pa
pacf
cfate
ateju
juec
ec
e) Aguk
Agukesb
esb Trns
Trnsas
as Tac
Tacye
yekb
kbtt
 

Gaobcbsb<  @a`
@a`mar
marbke
bkec
c bconr`
bconr`esb
esb tactec
tactecf
f `akecb
`akecbs`a
s`a `uciuh
`uciuhcye
cye
 pacyekbt gec `acb`muhkec tecge gec falehe yecf `acffecffu
kasajetec tumuj pesbac

Wbcgekec<
Nmsarvesb< Bgactbobkesb kasbepec gec ka`e`puec `acarb`e bconr`esb
Warepautbk<  
5. Yagbek
Yagbekec
ec `etarb
`etarb gec `agbe
`agbe pacgbgb
pacgbgbkec
kec kasaj
kasajete
etec
c
=. Legwehkec
Legwehkec pacgbgbkec
pacgbgbkec kasajetec
kasajetec sasueb kasapeketec
kasapeketec
9. Kasa`
Kasa`pe
pete
tec
c uctuk
uctuk mar
martec
tecye
ye
 Agukesb<  
 Agukesb<
5. Laheske
Laheskec
c pacyam
pacyamem
em gec oektn
oektnrr rbsbkn
rbsbkn pacyek
pacyekbt
bt
=. Laheskec
Laheskec prnsas petnobsbnhn
petnobsbnhnfb
fb `uciuhcye
`uciuhcye pacyekbt
pacyekbt

9. Laheskec
Laheskec tecge
tecge gec
gec falehe
falehe yecf
yecf gbtb`muhk
gbtb`muhkec
ec pacyekbt
pacyekbt
7. Laheske
Laheskec
c ka`ucfkb
ka`ucfkbcec
cec tarlegb
tarlegbcye
cye kn`phb
kn`phbkes
kesbb
1. Elerkec
Elerkec iere `aragekec
`aragekec eteu
eteu `acfetes
`acfetesbb falehe
falehe yecf gbresekec
gbresekec
?. Eler
Elerke
kec
c ie
iere
re `a`b
`a`bcb
cb`e
`ehk
hkec
ec aoak
aoak se
se`p
`pbc
bcf
f ge
gerb
rb bc
bcta
tarv
rvac
acsb
sb et
eteu
eu
 pacfnmetec
6. Bconr`
Bconr`esbk
esbkec
ec kncgb
kncgbsb
sb pesbac
pesbac seet bcb
:. Eclurk
Eclurkec
ec `ahepnr
`ahepnr lbke
lbke `aresekec
`aresekec tecge
tecge gec falehe
falehe `a`maret
`a`maret eteu
eteu
tbgek mbese.
 m) Agukesb Trnsas Kahuerfe

Nmsarvesb< Bgactbobkesb kasbepec gec ka`e`puec `acarb`e bconr`esb

Warepautbk<  
5. Yagbek
Yagbekec
ec `etarb
`etarb gec
gec `agbe
`agbe pacgbgb
pacgbgbkec
kec kasaj
kasajetec
etec
=. Legwehkec
Legwehkec pacgbgbkec
pacgbgbkec kasajetec
kasajetec sasueb kasapeketec
kasapeketec
9. Marbke
Marbkec
c kasa`
kasa`pet
petec
ec uctu
uctuk
k martec
martecye
ye
 Agukesb< 
5. Eclu
Eclurk
rkec
ec `acf
`acfbg
bgac
actb
tbobk
obkesb
esb ge
gec
c `acf
`acffu
fuce
ceke
kec
c gu
guku
kucf
cfec
ec snsbe
snsbehh
yecf ege
=. Elerk
Elerkec
ec st
stret
retaf
afbb cn
cnr`
r`eh
ehbse
bsesb
sb `eseh
`esehej
ej ka
kahu
huer
erfe
fe ma
marse
rse`e
`e ga
gacf
cfec
ec

ecffnte kahuerfe
 

9. Eclurkec
Eclurkec ecffn
ecffnte
te kahuerfe
kahuerfe tarhbmet
tarhbmet gehe`
gehe` parewetec
parewetec seet gbrewet
gbrewet
=. ]asb
]asbk
kn iag
iagar
aree
e) Ta
Taci
ciaf
afej
ejec
ec iaga
iagare
re

Nmsarvesb<
5. Bgactbobkesb erae hbcfkucfec yecf marpntacsb `acyamemkec iagare,
=. Bgactbobkesb nmet yecf marpntacsb `acyamemkec iagare,
9. Bg
Bgac
actb
tbob
obke
kesb
sb kasa
kasasu
sueb
ebec
ec ehes
ehes ke
kekb
kb et
eteu
eu stnk
stnkbc
bcf
f ah
ahes
estb
tbss pe
pege
ge
akstra`btes mewej

Warepautbk<  
5. Yagbekec
Yagbekec paciejey
paciejeyeec
eec yecf
yecf `a`egeb,
`a`egeb, fucekec
fucekec he`pu
he`pu tbgur
tbgur sahe`e
sahe`e
 le` tbgur,

=. Ynsbehbsesbk
Ynsbehbsesbkec
ec pesbac gec kahuerfe
kahuerfe gacfec
gacfec hbcfkucfec
hbcfkucfec ruecf rewet,
fucekec ehes hecteb lbke marbsbkn `acfehe`b iagare sarbus, sagbekec
ehes kekb ectbshbp, gbskusbkec `acfaceb ehet mectu `nmbhbtes yecf
sasueb (`bseh tncfket eteu ehet mectu lehec)
 Agukesb<  Laheskec ehesec bctarvacsb paciafejec letuj ka pesbac gec
kahuerfe
9. Fecf
Fecffu
fuec
ec bcta
bctafr
frbt
btes
es kuhb
kuhbtt
e) Tar
arew
ewet
etec
ec hu
huke
ke
Nmsarvesb<

5. @ncbtnr
@ncbtnr kerektarb
kerektarbstbk
stbk huke
huke (`bs. Grebcesa,
Grebcesa, werce,
werce, ukurec,
ukurec, meu),
meu),
=. `ncb
`ncbtn
tnrr tecge-t
tecge-tec
ecge
ge bcoak
bcoaksb
sb
Warepautbk<  
5. Hapesk
Hapeskec
ec mehute
mehutec
c gec phasta
phastarr saiere parh
parheje
ejec,
c,
=. iukur
iukur re`mu
re`mutt gbsakbter
gbsakbter gearej
gearej huke
huke,, lbke
lbke parhu,
parhu,
9. ma
marsb
rsbjk
jkec
ec ga
gacf
cfec
ec ie
iebre
brec
c CeIh
CeIh et
eteu
eu pa
pa`m
`mar
arsbj
sbj cn
cnct
ctnk
nksbk
sbk sasueb
sasueb
kamutujec,
7. marsbj
marsbjkec
kec lerbcf
lerbcfec
ec cakrnt
cakrntbk,
bk,
1. marbke
marbkec
c sehap yscf sasueb
sasueb ka kuhbt/ha
kuhbt/hasb,
sb, pesecf
pesecf mehutec
mehutec sasueb
sasueb lacbs
lacbs

huke,
 

?. partejeckec
partejeckec takcbk
takcbk starbh
starbh seet
seet `ahekuk
`ahekukec
ec parewetec
parewetec huke,
6. fectb mehutec
mehutec sasueb
sasueb lu`hej
lu`hej aksuget
aksuget gec grebcesa,
grebcesa,
:. legwehkec
legwehkec parumej
parumejec
ec pnsbsb
pnsbsb satbep
satbep = le`
le` eteu sasueb
sasueb kncgb
kncgbsb
sb pesbac,
pesbac,

2. marbkec
marbkec gbat gacfec
gacfec kehnrb
kehnrb 94-91
94-91 kkeh/kf
kkeh/kfMM/j
MM/jerb
erb gec prntabc
prntabc 5,=1-
5,=1-
5,1 f/kfMM/jerb
 Agukesb< 
5. Laheske
Laheskec
c tecg
tecgee gec falehe
falehe bcoa
bcoaksb
ksb,,
=. Eclurkec
Eclurkec `acfnc
`acfncsu`sb
su`sb `ekecec
`ekecec tbcffb
tbcffb kehnrb
kehnrb gec prntabc
prntabc,,
9. Elerke
Elerkec
c prnsagu
prnsagurr parewet
parewetec
ec huke
huke saiere
saiere `acgbrb
`acgbrb
 Knhemnresb<
 Knhemnresb<
5. Knhe
Knhemn
mnre
resb
sb pr
prns
nsag
agur
ur gamr
gamrbg
bga`
a`ac
actt (`bs
(`bs.. Aczb
Aczb`e
`etb
tbk,
k, mb
mbnh
nhnf
nfbs
bs,,
`akecbs, eutnhbtbk, knhemnresb pa`marbec ectbmbntbk 

7. Gaob
Gaobsb
sbtt cutr
cutrbs
bsbb
e) @ece
@ecela
la`a
`ac
c cut
cutrb
rbsb
sb
Nmsarvesb<
5. Bg
Bgac
actb
tbobk
obkesb
esb stet
stetus
us cutrb
cutrbsb
sb
=. Bgactb
Bgactbobk
obkesb
esb eharfb
eharfb gec
gec bctnhare
bctnharecsb
csb `ekec
`ekecec
ec
9. Bgactb
Bgactbobk
obkesb
esb `eke
`ekecec
cec yecf
yecf gbsuk
gbsukeb
eb
7. Bgactb
Bgactbobk
obkesb
esb kamutu
kamutujec
jec kehnr
kehnrbb gec lacbs
lacbs cutrbac
cutrbac
1. @ncb
@ncbtn
tnrr esup
esupec
ec `e
`eke
kece
cec
c
?. @ncb
@ncbtn
tnrr mare
marett mege
megec
c

Warepautbk<
5. Hekuke
Hekukec
c nreh
nreh jyfb
jyfbaca
aca samahu
samahu`
` `ekec
`ekec
=. Oesbhb
Oesbhbtesb
tesb `acact
`acactuke
ukec
c pagn`
pagn`ec
ec gbat
gbat
9. Yelbke
Yelbkec
c `ekece
`ekecec
c saie
saiere
re `acerbk
`acerbk
7. Marbkec
Marbkec `ekecec
`ekecec yecf tbcffb
tbcffb kehnrb
kehnrb gec
gec tbcffb
tbcffb prntabc
prntabc
 Agukesb<
5. Eclu
Eclurk
rkec
ec pn
pnsb
sbsb
sb gu
gugu
guk 
k 
=. Elerke
Elerkec
c gbat
gbat yecf
yecf gbpr
gbprnfr
nfre`k
e`kec
ec
 Knhemnresb<
 Knhemnresb<

5. Knhemn
Knhemnresb
resb pa`ma
pa`marbe
rbec
c `agbkes
`agbkesbb samahu`
samahu` `ekec
`ekec
 

=. Knhemnresb
Knhemnresb gacfec
gacfec ejhb
ejhb fbzb
fbzb uctuk
uctuk `acactuk
`acactukec
ec lu`hej
lu`hej kehnrb
kehnrb gec
 lacbs cutrbac yecf gbmutujkec lbke parhu

B. B`ph
B`pha`
a`ac
acte
tesb
sb Kapa
Kapare
rewe
wete
tec
c
B`pha`actesb `arupekec tejepec kaa`pet gerb prnsas kaparewetec. Tege
tejep bcb parewet
parewet sbep uctuk `ahekseceke
`aheksecekec
c bctarvacsb
bctarvacsb gec ektbvbtes-ektbvbte
ektbvbtes-ektbvbtess
yecf tahej gbietet gehe` raciece parewetec pesbac. Oesa b`pha`actesb eteu
 pahekseceec targbrb gerb mamarepe kafbetec, yebtu vehbgesb raciece
kaparewetec, `acgnku`actesbkec raciece kaparewetec, `a`marbkec esujec
kaparewetec, gec pacfu`puhec gete.

L. Aveh
Avehue
uesb
sb Kap
Kapar
arew
ewet
etec
ec

  Gerb jesbh pa`arbkseec gbetes gbjerepkec jesbh yebtu<

5. Yatahej gbhekukec tbcgekec sahe`e = kehb =7 le`, pesabc `acuclukkec
 pacfatejuec tactecf pacyekbt prnsas pacyekbt gacfec krbtarbe jesbh
 pesbac gec kahuerfe tbgek `acfatejub iere pacecfecec G@, pesbac gec
kahuerfe `e`pu `aheksecekec prnsagur yecf gb laheskec saiere macer 
=. Yatahej gb hekukec tbcgekec kaparewetec sahe`e = kehb =7 le`, pesbac
gacfec kamutujec cutrbsb tarpacujb gacfec krbtarbe jesbh, esujec cutrbsb
egakuet, ceosu `ekec `acbcfket.
9. Yatahej gb hekukec tbcgekec kaparewetec sahe`e = kehb =7 le`, krbtarbe

jesb
jesbh<
h< khb
hbac
ac tar
tarmame
mamess gerb
erb iag
iagar
are,
e, kh
khbbac `e`
`e`pu `acl
`aclah
ahes
esk
kec
iere/`atnga uctuk `aciafej iagare, khbac `e`pu `aclaheskec oektnr 
rb
rbsb
sbkn
kn gerb
gerb hb
hbcf
cfku
kucf
cfec
ec,, `e
`e`p
`pu
u `a`n
`a`ngb
gbob
obke
kesb
sb fe
feye
ye jb
jbgu
gup
p uctu
uctuk 
k 
`aciafej iagare, `acffucekec oesbhbtes kasajetec yecf ege
7. Yata
Yatahe
hej
j gbhe
gbheku
kuke
kec
c tbcg
tbcgek
ekec
ec ka
kapa
pare
rewe
wete
tec
c sahe`
sahe`ee 9x
9x=7
=7 le
le`
` ka
karu
ruse
seke
kec
c
bctafrbtes
bctafrbtes kuhbt pesbac taretesb gacfec krbtarbe jesbh< bctafrbtes
bctafrbtes kuhbt yecf
 mebk mbse gbpartejeckec (sacsesb, ahestbsbtes, ta`paretur, jbgresb gec
 pbf`actesb), tbgek ege huke / hasb pege kuhbt, parousb lerbcfec yecf mebk,
`acuclukk
`acuclukkec
ec pa`eje`ec
pa`eje`ec gehe` prnsas parmebkec
parmebkec kuhbt gec `aciafej
`aciafej

tarlegbcye sagare maruhecf, `e`pu `ahbcgucfb kuhbt gec `a`partejeckec

 

kaha`memec
kaha`memec kuhbt gec parewetec
parewetec ehe`b, `acuclukkec
`acuclukkec tarlegbcye
tarlegbcye prnsas
 pacya`mujec huke

MEM B_

TACQWQT

E. Kasb
Kasb`p
`puh
uhec
ec
Trnsas `acue egehej suetu prnsas `acfjbhecfcye saiere parhejec-
heje
hejec
c ka
ka`e
`e`p
`pue
uec
c lerb
lerbcf
cfec
ec uc
uctu
tuk
k `a`p
`a`parm
armeb
ebkb
kb gb
gbrb
rb/`
/`ac
acff
ffect
ectbb ge
gec
c
`a`partejeckec oucfsb cnr`ehcye sajbcffe tbgek gepet martejec tarjegep
bcoaksb
bcoak `a`parmebkb karusekec yecf
sb gec `a`parmebkb karusekec yecf gbgarbte (Cufrnjn, =444).Trnsas
 pacueec gepet gbtbcleu gerb espak mbnhnfbs, snsbeh gec psbknhnfbk. Wanrb-
tanrb mbnhnfbs
mbnhnfbs snsbeh gec oucfsbnceh tahej gbta`ukec
gbta`ukec uctuk `aclaheske
`aclaheskec
c
gec `acgukucf marmefeb gaobcbsb `acfaceb prnsas pacueec. pacgaketec
`uht
`uhtbb gbsb
gbsbph
phbc
bc `acf
`acfac
aceb
eb tanr
tanrbb pa
pacu
cuee
eec,
c, pa
pare
rewe
wett je
jeru
russ `a`b
`a`bhb
hbkb
kb
ka`e`puec uctuk `acsbctase marmefeb tanrb tarsamut gec `acarepkeccye
saiere tnteh pege hbcfkucfec parewetec khbac usbe heclut tar`esuk espak 
obsbk
obsbk,, `act
`acteh/
eh/a`
a`ns
nsbn
bnce
cehh ge
gec
c espak
espak-es
-espa
pak
k snsb
snsbeh
eh.. Ga
Gacf
cfec
ec ga
ga`b
`bkb
kbec
ec
 pacgaketec akhaktbk ekec `acfjesbhkec geser yecf mebk seet
`araciecekec suetu esujec kaparewetec markuehbtes pege khbac hecsbe.

M. Yerec
Tacuhb
Tacuhbss segerb
segerb gehe`
gehe` pacyus
pacyusuc
ucec
ec `ekehe
`ekehej
j bcb targepe
targepett mecyek 
mecyek 
kasehejec
kasehejec gec `ucfkbc leuj gerb tejepec kasa`purcee
kasa`purceec.
c. @eke gerb btu

krbtbk
krbtbk gec serec
serec yecf
yecf `a`mec
`a`mecfuc
fuc gerb
gerb pere
pere pa`mei
pa`meiee secfet
secfet pacuhb
pacuhbss
 

jerepkec
jerepkec ga`b tariepebcye
tariepebcye pacyu
pacyusucec
sucec `ekehej
`ekehej yecf leuj hambj mebk 
gb`ese yecf ekec getecf.

GEOWE] TQYWEKE

Kurc
Kurcbe
bewe
wec,
c, B. (=
(=45
454)
4).. Gb
Gbem
emat
atas
as `a
`ahb
hbtu
tuss tb
tbpa
pa = pe
pege
ge us
usbe
be he
hecl
clut
ut..  @elehej
Bcgncasbe, ?4
 Kagnktarec Bcgncasbe, (5=), 16?-1:7.
?4(5=),

YGKB (=456). Ytecger Bctarv

Bctarvacsb
acsb Kapare
Kaparewetec
wetec Bcgncasbe.
Bcgncasbe. GTT TTCB< Lekerte
Yahetec

YHKB (=4
YHKB (=45:)
5:).. Yte
Ytecge
cgerr Bct
Bctarv
arvacs
acsbb Kap
Kaparew
arewete
etec
c Bcg
Bcgnca
ncasbe.
sbe. GTT TTC
TTCB<
B< Lek
Lekerte
erte
Yahetec

]ejeyu,, A., Ke`

]ejeyu Ke`ehu
ehuggb
ggbc,
c, ]., & Yu`Yu`erw
erwetb
etb,, @. (=4
(=457
57).
). Tac
Tacfer
feruj
uj Trn
Trnfre
fre` `
Gbemat
Gbematas
as Yah
Yahoo @ec
@ecefa
efa`ac
`actt Ag
Aguie
uietbn
tbnc
c Mar
Marmes
mesbsbs Kah
Kahuer
uerfe
fe War
Warjeg
jegep
ep Kue
Kuehbt
hbtes
es
Jbgu
Jbgup
p Tacacg gar
arbt
btee Gb
Gbem
emat
atas
as @a
@ahb
hbtu
tuss Wbpbpaa BB gb Vbh bhey
eyej
ej Tususka
kas`
s`es
es BB
Meturregac. Lurceh
Meturregac.  Lurceh Kaparewetec Ynagbr`ec
Ynagbr`ec, 2(9), 5?9-56=.