AEPMVEL PVEKZBKSN
ZCKLMAMIBB FCLBD
ZCKLMAMI
‑SHB JMVNEL_B„ 

 Jbehukel ultuk Ncncludb _eaed

_eaed _etu _yeret Nete Kuabed
Kuabed Zcklmamib Fclbd

Jbsusul macd8
 Lene 8 Estb Geuzbed
 LBN 8 :::6520022
Kcaes 8 BBB J

HSVS_EL EIVMCKMZCKLMAMIB
EIVMCKMZCKLMAMIB
GEKSAZE_ PCVZELBEL
SLBWCV_BZE_ _SAZEL EICLI ZBVZERE_E

6060
 

KEZE PCLIELZEV

Puhb syukur kbte pelhetkel kcdejbret Eaaed _YZ kercle jcliel rednet,
kerulbe, scrte dbjeyed-Lye pcluabs jepet nclycacsebkel
nclycacsebkel aepmrel prektbkun
tcklmamibb fclbd yeli fcrhujua
tcklmami fcrhuju a ‑Shb Jmrnelsb„
Jmrnelsb„ jcliel febk ncskbpul nesbd
 felyek kckureliel
k ckureliel jb jeaenlye. Pcluabs huie ncliuoepkel tcrbnekesbd kcpeje
bfu Prmg.
Prmg. Jr. Kertble,
Kertble, EN., Br., NP.,
NP., Jr. Vetle
Vetle Gbtry
Gbtry Rclly, _P., NP., Jr.
Xedretua Nbaaed, _P., N._b., scaeku jmscl pclienpu nete kuabed Zcklmamib
Fclbd, jel tcd Putrb Bltel Pretbwb scaeku Esbstcl Aefmretmrbun nete kuabed
tcklmamib fclbd.
Pcluabs seliet fcrderep aepmrel blb jepet fcriule jeaen relike
nclenfed wewesel scrte pclicteduel kbte nclicleb jmrnelsb peje fclbd.
Pcluabs huie nclyejerb scpcludlye fedwe jb jeaen aepmrel
aepmrel blb tcrjepet
kckureliel jel heud jerb kete scnpurle. Macd scfef btu, pcluabs fcrderep ejelye
krbtbk, serel jel usuael jcnb pcrfebkel aepmrel yeli tcaed pcluabs fuet ultuk
nese yeli ekel jeteli, nclibliet tbjek eje scsuetu yeli scnpurle telpe serel
jel krbtbk yeli ncnfeliul feib pcluabs.

Peljciaeli, Lmvcnfcr 6060

Pcluabs

b
 

JEGZEV B_B

KEZE PCLIELZEV ................
PCLIELZEV ..................................
..................................
.................................
...............................
.............. b 
JEGZEV B_B ................
..................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
............................
............ bb
JEGZEV ZEFCA ..............
...............................
.................................
..................................
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......................
...... bbb
FEF B PCLJEDSASEL  .................................
.................................................
..................................
..........................
........ 5 
5.5. Aeter Fcaekeli ...................
......... ...................
..................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...........
.. 5
5.6. Zuhuel
Zuhuel ...............................
.................................................
...................................
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......... 5
FEF BB ZBLHESEL PS_ZEKE  .................................
.................................................
...............................
............... 6 
6.5. Jmrnelsb peje Fclbd .................................................................... 6
6.6. Zbpc-tbpc Jmrnelsb ........................................................................ 6
6.?. Pcnetedel Jmrnelsb ..................................................................... :
FEF BBB NCZMJC PVEKZBKSN ...............
...............................
.................................
.............................
............ 9 
?.5. Yektu jel Zcnpet ........................................................................ 9
?.6. Eaet jel Fedel .............................................................................. 9
?.?. Oere Kcrhe
Kcrhe ...............................
................................................
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..................................
....................
... 9
FEF BW DE_BA JEL PCNFEDE_EL ................
.................................
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... 4  
:.5. Desba......................................
......................................................
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......................
...... 4
:.6. Pcnfedesel
Pcnfedesel......................................
......................................................
.................................
.............................
............ 2
FEF W PCLSZSP ................
.................................
.................................
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....................
... 55 
3.5. _bnpuael ....................................................................................... 55
3.6. _erel ...............................
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............ 55
JEGZEV PS_ZEKE ...............
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.................. 56 
AENPBVEL  

bb
 

JEGZEV ZEFCA

Zefca 5. Desba Shb Jmrnelsb Fclbd _ewm ...................................................... 4

bbb
 

FEF B
PCLJEDSASEL

5.5 Aeter Fcaekeli
Zunfudel ununlye ncnfcrbkel rcspml tcrdejep fcrfeieb bsyeret
ablikuliel scpcrtb nbsealye sudu, oedeye, jel fcrfeieb zet aebllye. Jmrnelsb
ncrupekel suetu kcejeel fcrdcltb tunfud yeli jbeaenb mrielbsnc dbjup eteu
 feibellye scfeieb teliiepel etes suetu kcejeel yeli tbjek ncljukuli
 pcrtunfudel lmrnea
lmrnea (Deredep, 6056).
Fclbd jbketekel jmrnel epefbae fclbd tcrscfut scfclerlye dbjup tctepb tbjek
 fcrkcoenfed. Yeaeupul jbactekkel peje kcejeel yeli scoere unun yeli
jbeliiep tcaed ncncludb pcrsyeretel feib suetu pcrkcoenfedel. Jmrnelsb peje
 fclbd fcraelisuli scaene fcfcrepe derb, scnusbn, fedkel senpeb fcfcrepe tedul
t edul
tcrieltuli peje hclbs telenel jel tbpc jerb jmrnelsblye.
Fclbd sewm nclieaenb jmrnelsb kercle kuabtlye kcres jel kcjep tcrdejep
ebr. Kercle kcjep tcrdejep ebr neke cnfrbm fclbd suabt ncljepetkel ebr jerb
ablikuliellye. Ekbfetlye pcrkcoenfedellye tcrdenfet. Fclbd jmrnel jepet
jbpetedkel jmrnelsblye jcliel oere gbsbk jel nckelbk (skerbgbkesb). Macd kercle
btu jbaekselkel prektbkun jmrnelsb fclbd eier prektbkkel nclictedub feiebnele
nctmjc pcncoedel jmrnelsb peje fclbd yeli ncnbabkb kuabt kcres.

5.6 Zuhuel
Ejepul tuhuel jerb prektbkun uhb jmrnelsb blb ejeaed8
5.  Nedesbswe nenpu nclictedub nctmjc pcncoedel jmrnelsb peje fclbd. 
6.  Nedesbswe nenpu nclictedub oere pclybnpelel jel pclicrbliel peje
 fclbd. 

5
 

FEF BB
ZBLHESEL
ZBLHESEL PS_ZEKE

6.5 Jmrnelsb peje Fclbd

Peje seet nesek gbsbmamibs, tbjek scnue fclbd sbep ultuk fcrkcoenfed. Fclbd
ncnfutudkel wektu tcrtcltu eier jepet fcrkcoenfed scoere eaenb sctcaed
jbpelcl, eteu scrblikeab ncnfutudkel pcraekuel tcrtcltu eier jepet fcrkcoenfed
(Gerdele, 6056). Jmrnelsb fclbd ejeaed kcejeel jbnele fclbd nclieaenb
bstbredet tmtea scdbliie ncskbpul jeaen kcejeel ncjbe tunfud fclbd mptbnun,
 fclbd tbjek nclulhukkel
nclulhukkel icheae eteu gclmncle dbjup (_ejhej
(_ejhej,, 522?).
Jmrnelsb ncrupekel kmljbsb gbsbk jel gbsbmamibs peje fbhb yeli nclocied
 pcrkcoenfedel peje wektu yeli tbjek tcpet eteu tbjek scsueb. Jmrnelsb
ncnfeltu fbhb ncnpcrtedelkel jbrb tcrdejep kmljbsb yeli tbjek scsueb scpcrtb
kmljbsb ablikuliel yeli peles, jblibl, kckcrbliel jel aebl-aebl. _cdbliie jepet
jbketekel fedwe jmrnelsb ncrupekel nckelbsnc fbmamibs ultuk nclhenbl
 pcrkcoenfedel fbhb fcraelisuli peje kmljbsb jel wektu yeli tcpet ultuk
ncljukuli pcrtunfudel yeli tcpet. Jmrnelsb fbse jbekbfetkel kercle
kctbjeknenpuel sunfu cnfrbm ultuk nclietesb denfetel (_uybtlm, 6009).
Jmrnelsb fclbd fcrdufuliel jcliel usede fclbd ultuk nclulje
 pcrkcoenfedellye, dbliie wektu jel kmljbsb ablikuliel ncnulikblkel u
ultuk
ltuk
ncaelisulikel prmscs tcrscfut. Jmrnelsb jepet tcrhejb peje kuabt fbhb neupul
 peje cnfrym. Fbhb yeli tcaed nesek jel sbep ultuk fcrkcoenfed ncnfutudkel
kmljbsb kabnetbk jel tcnpet tunfud yeli scsueb ultuk jepet ncnetedkel
jmrnelsb jel ncnuaeb prmscs pcrkcoenfedellye. Prctrcetnclt skerbgbkesb
jbiulekel ultuk ncnetedkel jmrnelsb kuabt fbhb, scjelikel stretbgbkesb
jbiulekel ultuk nclietesb jmrnelsb cnfrbm (_eabsfury, 5243).

6.6 Zbpc-tbpc Jmrnelsb

Jmrnelsb
Fcrjeserkel dufuliellye jcliel sbget gbsbmamibs, jmrnelsb fclbd jepet
jbkaesbgbkesbkel kc jeaen 7 tbpc. Peje fcfcrepe hclbs scrbli keab ncnpulyeb
jmrnelsb ielje scdbliie ncncraukel pcraekuel yeli jbkmnfblesbkel ultuk
ncncoedkel jmrnelsb fclbd-fclbd tcrscfut (_odnbjt
( _odnbjt , 6000).

6
 

  Jmrnelsb cnfrbm, fclbd scoere gbsbmamibs fcaun nesek eteu cnfrbm

jmrnel.
  Jmrnelsb nckelbs, pcrtunfudel cnfrbm scoere gbsbk jbdenfet kercle
kuabt fclbd.
  Jmrnelsb gbsbk, pclycrepel ebr jbdenfet kercle kuabt fclbd yeli kcjep
ebr.
  Jmrnelsb kbnbe, fclbd nclieljuli zet-zet kbnbe pclidenfet
 pcrkcoenfedel.
  Jmrnelsb oedeye, fclbd tbjek jepet fcrkcoenfed kcoueab hbke fcreje
jeaen kmljbsb oedeye.
  Jmrnelsb sudu, pcrkcoenfedel yeli
yeli rcljed telpe sudu yeli tcpet.
Jmrnelsb huie jepet jbkcamnpmkkel jeaen 3 kcaes yebtu8
5.  Jmrnelsb gbsbmamib

Jmrnelsb cnfrbm sene jcliel jmrnelsb gbsbmamib scpcrtb yeli tcrhejb

 peje fclbd pblus, kcnclyel, jel kcpud Fclbd tcrscfut ncnpulyeb
ncnpulyeb sbget
egtcr rbpclbli   (pcnesekel aelhutel) scdbliie pcrau pcncrenel scaene
 fcfcrepe derb eteu
et eu nbliiu scpcrtb peje fclbd kcnclyel
kc nclyel yeli nclieaenb
 pclbliketel pcrkcoenfedel scaene pclybnpelel :-7 nbliiu. Fcfcrepe
 pclycfef jmrnelsb
jmrnelsb gbsbmamibs ejeaed 8
e.   Bnneturbty cnfrym 
cnfrym 
Peje jmrnelsb blb pcrkcnfeliel cnfrbmlye tbjek scocpet herbliel
sckcabablilye scdbliie pcrkcoenfedel fclbd-fclbd yeli jcnbkbel

 pcrau jbtulje. _cfebklye fclbd jbtcnpetkel peje tcnpcretur jel

kcacnfepel tcrtcltu eier vbefbabteslye tctep tcrheie senpeb cnfrbmlye
tcrfcltuk scoere scnpurle jel nenpu fcrkcoenfed (Dertetb, 5227).
 f.   Egtcr rbpclbli  
Fclbd yeli nclieaenb jmrnelsb blb ncncraukel suetu helikeuel
wektu sbnpel tcrtcltu eier jepet fcrkcoenfed, eteu jbketekel
ncnfutudkel helike wektu "Egtcr Vbpclbli". 
Vbpclbli".  Egtcr
Egtcr Vbpclbli  jbertbkel
 jbertbkel
scfeieb sctbep pcrufedel peje kmljbsb gbsbmamibs fclbd scaene
 pclybnpelel yeli ncliufed fclbd nclhejb nenpu fcrkcoenfed.

Helike wektu pclybnpelel blb fcrfcje-fcje jerb fcfcrepe derb

?
 

senpeb jcliel fcfcrepe tedul, tcrieltuli jerb hclbs fclbdlye (Dertetb,

5227).
6.  Jmrnelsb nmrgmamib
Jbscfefkel macd kmljbsb cnfrbm yeli kcoba jel tbjek fcrkcnfeli lmrnea
scfcaun rejbkca nuloua. Snunlye, cnfrbm fclbd nesek scoere gbsbmamibs
nuaeb tunfud jeaen pcrbmjc fcfcrepe derb dbliie 5-6 nbliiu, jel fclbd
 fcrkcoenfed sctcaed 5 dbliie : nbliiu
nbliiu sctcaed tefmr (_ubte, 6004).
?.  Jmrnelsb nmrgmgbsbmamibs
Ncnpulyeb cnfrbm yeli tbjek fcrkcnfeli lmrnea yeli scoere gbsbmamibs
nclieaenb jmrnelsb. Pcrkcoenfedel tbjek tcrhejb dbliie jmrnelsb
gbsbamibs dbaeli jel cnfrbm fcrkcnfeli lmrnea (_ubte, 6004).
:.  Jmrnelsb gbsbk
Pclycrepel ebr jbdenfet kercle kuabt fclbd yeli kcjep ebr. Jmrnelsb
Jmr nelsb gbsbk
jbscfefkel macd kuabt fued yeli kcres jel bnpcrncefac eteu pclutup fued
yeli nclideaelib bnfbfbsb jel pcrtukerel ies. Gclmncle blb scrbli
jbscfut scfeieb fclbd kcres (_odnbjtd, 6006).
3.  Jmrnelsb kmnfblesb
Ncrupekel iefuliel jmrnelsb gbsbk (kuabt fclbd yeli kcjep ebr) jel
gbsbmamibs (cnfrbm yeli fcaun fcrkcnfeli scnpurle) (Rulbertb , 6006).

6.? Pcnetedel Jmrnelsb

Pcnetedel jmrnelsb fcrtuhuel ultuk nclurulkel tbliket jmrnelsb jel
nclbliketkel pcrscltesc pcrkcoenfedel. Pcnetedel jmrnelsb jbtuhukel peje
kuabt fclbd, cnfrbm neupul cljmspcrn fclbd jcliel neksuj ultuk
nclidbaelikel gektmr pclidenfet pcrkcoenfedel jel ncliektbgkel kcnfeab sca-
sca fclbd yeli jmrnel (Rulbertb, 6053).
Macd kerle btu jbpcraukel oere-oere eier jmrnelsb jepet jbpcoedkel eteu
sckureli-kurelilye aene jmrnelsblye jepet jbpcrsbliket fcfcrepe oere yeli
tcaed jbkctedub ejeaed, (_utmpm, 600:) 8
5.  Pcraekuel nckelbs
Pcraekuel nckelbs unun jbiulekel ultuk ncncoedkel jmrnelsb
 fclbd yeli jbscfefkel macd bnpcrncefbabtes kuabt fbhb febk tcrdejep ebr

:
 

eteu ies, rcsbstcl nckelbs kuabt pcrkcoenfedel yeli tcrjepet peje kuabt
 fbhb.
e.  _kerbgbkesb
Ncloekup oere scpcrtb nclibkbr eteu nclimsmk kuabt fbhb jliel kcrtes
enpaes, ncaufelib kuabt fbhb jcliel pbseu, pcraekuel bnpeotbml
(imloeliel) ultuk fclb-fclbd sunfet iefus. Jbnele scnuelye
 fcrtuhuel ultuk ncacnedkel kuabt fbhb yeli kcres, scdblie acfbd
 pcrncefca tcrdejep ebr eteu ies.
f.  Zckelel
Fclbd-fclbd jerbswcct oamvcr (Ncabamtus eafe) jel eageage (Ncjboeim
setbve) sctcaed jbfcrb pcraekuel yeli
yeli jbfcrb tckelel dbjrmabk 60
6000
00 etn
 peje 54°O scaene 3-60 nclbt tcrlyete pcrkcoenfedelye nclbliket
scfcser 30-600%. Cgck tckelel tcrabdet sctcaed fclbd-fclbd tcrscfut
jbkcrblikel jel jbsbnpel, tbjek jbreiukel aeib pcrfebkel
 pcrkcoenefedel tcrhejb jbscfefkel
jbscfe fkel macd pcrufedel pcrnecfbabtes kuabt
ku abt
 fbhb tcrdejep ebr.
6.  Pcraekuel kbnbe
Pcraekuel jcliel ncliiulekel fedel-fedel kbnbe scrbli puae
jbaekukel ultuk ncncoedkel jmrnelsb peje fclbd. Zuhuelye ejeaed
ultuk nclhejbkel eier kuabt fbhb acfbd nujed jbnesukb macd ebr peje
wektu prmscs bnfbfbsb. Aerutel esen kuet scpcrtb esen suaget jel esen
lbtret jcliel kmlscltresb pcket ncnfuet kuabt fbhb acfbd aulek scdblie
jepet jbaeaub macd ebr jcliel nujed. Fedel kbnbe aebl yeli scrbli
jbiulekel ejeaed8 pmtessbun dyjrmxbjc, esen dbjrmokamrbt, pmtessbun
lbtret, jel tdbmurce. Jbsenpbli btu jepet puae jbiulekel dmrnmltunfud
ultuk ncncoedkel jmrnelsb peje fclbd, eltere aebl ejeaed8 oytmkblbl,
ibffcrcaabl jel euxbl omltmd8bljmac Eoctbo Eobj.
?.  Pcraekuel jcliel pcrcljenel ebr
Fcfcrepe hclbs fclbd tcrkejeli jbfcrb pcraekuel pcrcjenel
jbjeaen ebr peles eier fcrtuhuel ncnujedkel pclycrepel ebr macd fclbd.
Prmscjur yeli ununlye jbiulekel ejeaed scfeieb fcrbkut8 ebr 53
jbpeleskel senpeb 540-600°G, fclbd jbneksujkel kcjeaen ebr peles

3
 

tcrscfut jel fberkel senpeb nclhejb jblibl, scaene fcfcrepe wektu.

Nbsea8 ultuk fclbd epca jbrcljen scaene 6 derb, ebr ncljbjbd kejeli huie
jbielekel (656°G). Oerelye8 fclbd jbactekel jeaen keltmli kebl jel
kcnujbel jbnesukel kcjeaen ebr yeli scjeli ncljbjbd, fberkel scaene
acfbd kureli 6 nclbt
nclbt sctcaed
sct caed btu jbeliket kcauer, ultuk jbkcoenfedkel.
:.  Pcraekuel pcnfcrbel tcnpcreturc tcrtcltu
e.  _tretbgbkesb
Felyek fclbd yeli pcrau jbfcrb tcnpcretur tcrtcltu scfcaun jepet
jbactekel yeli omomk ultuk pcrkcoenfedellye. Oere yeli scrbli
jbpekeb jcliel ncnfcrb tcnpcretur rcljed peje kcejeel acnfef
jbscfut _tretbgbkesb._caene stretbgbkesb tcrhejb schunaed pcrufedel
jeaen fclbd yeli fcrekbfet nclidbaelilye fedel-fedel pclidenfet
 pcrtunfudel eteu
et eu tcrhejb pcnfcltukel fedel-fedel yeli pcreliseli
pcre liseli
 pcrtunfudel. Fclbd fclbd yeli ncncraukel stretbgbkesb
str etbgbkesb scaene wektu
tcrtcltu scfcaun telen yebtu8 epca, eliur, pcer, pblus, rmse,
strmfcrry,odcry jel aebl-aebl.
 f.  Pcraekuel peje tcnpcreturc rcljed jel tbliib
Kcejeel jmrnelsb peje fcfcrepe fclbd jepet jbetesb jcliel
 pcnfcrbel cgck jerb tcnpcretur rcljed jel eiek tbliib. Zctepb
tcnpcretur cxtrcnc peje pcraekuel blb tbjek fmacd acfbd jerb 0 eteu
60°O, peje ununlye fcreje jbetes jerb tbtbk fcku. Fclbd jerb hclbs-
 hclbs hedc aber (Eserun oelejclsc),
oelejclsc),  Ababun spp.,
spp., Wbfurlun spp.
spp. Peje
tcnpcretur tbliib delye rcjbkealye sehe yeli tunfud. _cdblie derus
jbbkutb pcraekuel tcnpcretur rcljed ultuk prmscs egtcr rcpclbli jerb
cpbkmtba yeli ekel nclycfefkel tunfudlye tules puouk. Jbsblb
jbpcraukel tcnpcretur rcljed ultuk prmscs egtcr rcpclbli jerb cpbkmtba
yeli ekel nclycfefkel tunfudlye tules puouk. Jbpcraukel wektu
scaene 6-7 fuael (peje fcfcrepe hclbs Wbfurlun spp, 
spp,  senpeb 59
 fuael) peje tcnpcretur tbliib yeli jbpcraukel ultuk pcrtunfudel
eker scfcaun jbfcrbkel pcrbmjc odbabli scaene 5-: fuael.

7
 

FEF BBB
NCZMJC PVEKZBKSN

?.5 Yektu jel Zcnpet

Prektbkun uhb jmrnelsb fclbd jbaekselekel peje derb Kenbs, 67
 Lmvcnfcr peje pukua 5?.00-5:.:0 YBF. Prektbkun jbaekselekel
jbaekseleke l scoere neljbrb
jb kcjbenel nesbli-nesbli yebtu fcrtcnpet jb Kp. Obkejucul Kef. Peljciaeli-
Feltcl.

?.6 Eaet jel Fedel

Ejepul eaet yeli jbiulekel jeaen prektbkun blb ejeaed enpaes, icaes :
 fued, jel eaet tuabs.
t uabs. Ejepul fedel yeli jbiulekel jeaen prektbkun uhb jmrnelsb
jmr nelsb
 fbhb sewm ejeaed kepes, fbhb sewm, ebr jblibl,
jblibl, ebr peles, jel ebr fbese.

?.? Oere Kcrhe

Ejepul oere kcrhe jeaen prektbkun blb ejeaed8
5.  Jbsbepkel eaet jel fedel yeli ekel jbiulekel.
6.  Jbenpaes scnue fclbd kcres.
?.  Jbrcljen nesbli-nesbli fbhb fcrjeserkel pcraekuel8
e.  Jbrcljen jb ebr fbese (6 hen)
 f.  Jbrcljen jb ebr jblibl (6 hen)
o.  Jbrcljen jb ebr peles (6 hen)
j.  Jbrcljen jb ebr fbese (9 derb)
:.  Jbpbljedkel nesbli-nesbli fbhb pcraekuel kc jeaen icaes fcrbsb kepes
 fbese (ultuk pcraekuel E,
E, F, jel O).
3.  Jbfcrb aefca nesbli-nesbli icaes scsueb jcliel pcraekuel
pcr aekuel yeli jbfcrbkel.
jbfcrbkel.
7.  Jbenetb jel jbheie kcacnfefel nesbli-nesbli pcraekuel.
9.  Jbjmkuncltesbkel.

9
 

FEF BW
DE_BA JEL PCNFEDE_EL

:.5 Desba
Zefca 5. Desba Shb Jmrnelsb Fclbd _ewm
Pcraekuel Fbhb Zunfud/ Stud Fbhb Zbjek Zunfud/Vusek
 

Jbrcljen ebr fbese (9 derb)

 

Ebr peles+kepes
 

Ebr jblibl+kepes
 

Ebr fbese+kepes

4
 

:.6 Pcnfedesel
Peje prektbkun uhb jmrnelsb, prektbkkel ncliiulekel fbhb sewm. Sltuk
ncliuhb fclbd tcrscfut jmrnel eteu tbjek, neke jbaekkel uhb pcnetedel
jmrnelsb. Pcliuhbel jmrnelsb scljbrb fcriule ultuk nclictedub pcnetedel
jmrnelsb jerb suetu fclbd. Nclurut Zenbl (6009), Jmrnelsb fclbd ncrupekel
kctbjeknenpuel fclbd dbjup ultuk fcrkcoenfed peje suetu kbserel kcejeel aues
yeli jbeliiep ncliultulikel
ncliultulikel ultuk fclbd tcrscfut. Jbaekukel : pcraekuel
yebtu jbrcljen jb ebr fbese scaene 9 derb telpe ncliiulekel kepes, jbrcljen jb
ebr peles scaene 6 hen sctcaed btu jbactekkel jb etes kepes, jbrcljen jb ebr jblibl
scaene 6 hen kcnujbel jbactekkel jb etes kepes, jel yeli tcrekdbr jbrcljen jb
ebr fbese aeau jbactekkel jb etes kepes. _cfcaun jbaekukel kccnpet pcraekuel
tcrscfut, fbhb sewm jbkbkbr tcracfbd jeduau ultuk ncnfuke kuabtlye yeli kcres
eier ebr jel ies nujed nesuk. Pclibkbrel tcrscfut eteu skerbgbkesb ncrupekel
seaed setu oere ultuk ncnetedkel jmrnelsb. Nclurut _utmpm (600:) skerbgbkesb
 fcrtuhuel ultuk ncacnedkel kuabt fbhb yeli kcres, scdblie acfbd pcrncefca
tcrdejep ebr eteu ies.
Peje tefca desba pclienetel jbjepetkel desba fedwe jerb kccnpet
 pcraekuel yeli tcaed
t caed jbfcrbkel, tbjek eje fbhb sewm yeli fcrkcoenfed. Peje fbhb
sewm yeli jbfcrbkel pcraekuel jb rcljen jb ebr fbese (6 hen)+kepes, fbhb sewm
nclieaenb pcnfusukel jbscrteb jcliel tunfud henur. Fbhb sewm yeli jbrcljen
jb jeaen ebr nclieaenb scjbkbt pcnfusukel peje fbhblye jel huie nclicauerkel
 feu yeli tbjek scjep. Peje fbhb sewm yeli jbfcrbkel pcraekuel
pcr aekuel jbrcljen jb jeaen
ebr jblibl (6 hen) tcrjepet henur. Jel peje pcraekuel jbrcljen ebr peles (6 hen)
 huie nclieaenb pcnfusukel
pcnfusukel jel tcrjepet henur jbsckbter fbhb yeli tcaed jbkbkb
jbkbkbr.
r.
Eje fcfcrepe gektmr yeli ncnpclierudb fclbd peje prmscs
 pcrkcoenfedel yebtu sudu, bltclsbtes oedeye, jel tcnpet pclybnpelel. Zbjek
 fcrkcoenfedlye fbhb sewm pejedea sujed jbaekukel pcnetedel jmrnelsb scoere
nckelbk (jbkbkbr) jel scoere gbsbk yebtu jcliel ncrcljen jb ebr peles
jbkerclekel tcraeau felyek ebr yeli jbfcrbkel peje pcraekuel jbrcljen jb ebr
scaene 9 derb, kercle scderuslye ebrlye scjbkbt sehe. Zcraeau felyeklye ebr
nclycfefkel fbhb sewm nclhejb fusuk. Jepet jbketekel fedwe pcnetedel
jmrnelsb jeaen prektbkun keab blb jbeliiep tbjek fcrdesba kercle gektmr

2
 

ablikuliel jel kcseaedel jerb prektbkkel. Sltuk pcnetedel jmrnelsb yeli

 fcrdesba, fbhb ekel fcrkcoenfed kercle jmrnelsblye dbaeli. Ejepul fcfcrepe
gektmr yeli nclycfefkel dbaelilye jmrnelsb nclurut Prenmlm (6006)
dbaelilye jmrnelsb peje fclbd seliet fcrverbesb tcrieltuli peje hclbs telenel
jel tbpc jmrnelsblye, eletere aebl yebtu8 kercle tcnpcreturc yeli seliet rcljed
jb nusbn jblibl, pcrufedel tcnpcreturc yeli sbabd fcrieltb, nclbpbslye kuabt fbhb,
dbaelilye kcnenpuel ultuk nclidesbakel zet-zet pclidenfet pcrkcoenfedel,
jel ejelye kcibetel jerb nbkrmmrielbsnc.

50
 

FEF W
PCLSZSP

3.5 Kcsbnpuae
K csbnpuaell
Jepet jbenfba kcsbnpuael fedwe jmrnelsb ncrupekel sbget peje fclbd
yebtu sbget tbjek neu fcrkcoenfed eteu jepet jbketekel fclbd jeaen nese
bstbredet. Jmrnelsb jepet jbpetedkel jcliel fcfcrepe oere scpcrtb pcraekuel gbsbk
jel nckelbk (skerbgbkesb). Peje prektbkun uhb jmrnelsb peje fbhb sewm,
jbjepetkel desba fedwe tbjek eje fbhb sewm yeli fcrkcoenfed yeli ncleljekel
 pcnetedel jmrnelsb yeli jbaekukel macd prektbkkel tcaed ieiea. Eje fcfcrepe
gektmr yeli nclycfefkel tbjek dbaelilye jmrnelsb peje fbhb sewm yebtu kercle
gektmr ablikuliel, gektmr jerb fbhb btu scnjbrb, jel kcseaedel jerb prektbkkel.

3.6 _erel
Peje prektbkun uhb jmrnelsb, jbserelkel ultuk ncnedenb epe yeli tcaed
esbstcl aefmretmrbun eier tbjek tcrhejb kcseaedel. Jel acfbd tcabtb kctbke
ncaekselekel prektbkun.

55
 

JEGZEV PS_ZEKE

Gerdele, F. 605?. Pcnetedel Jmrnelsb Fclbd Kcaepe _ewbt jcliel Pcrcljenel

jeaen Ebr Peles jel Werbesb Kmlscltresb Ctdcpdml. Hurlea Eirmdmrtb. Wma
5 (5)896-94.
Deredep. 6056. Gbsbmamib Zunfudel. _uetu Pclielter8 Jbibabf SLBNCJ.
Dertetb, _.E. 5227. Pclierud Nctmjc Prcourbli jel Zbliket cnesekel Kcruout
tcrdejep Kueabtes Fclbd Pblus ncrkusbb Hulid ct jc Wrbcsc. _krbpsb
Hurusel Nelehcncl Dutel Gekuates Kcdutelel Blstbtut Pcrtelbel Fmimr8
Fmimr.

Prenmlm, Ckm. 6006. Pclultul Prektbkun Jeser-jeser Zcklmamib Fclbd. Gekuates

Pcrtelbel, Slbvcrsbtes Aenpuli8 Feljer Aenpuli.
Aenpuli.
_ejhej, _. 522?. Jerb Fclbd Kcpeje Fclbd. Iresbljm8 Hekerte.

_eabsfury, Grelk
Grelk F, Oacml Yrmss.
Yrmss. 5243. Gbsbmamib
Gbsbmamib Zunfudel.
Zunfudel. BZF Feljuli.
Feljuli.
_odnbjt, A. 6000. Pcjmnel Pclelielel Fclbd Zelenel Dutel Zrmpbs jel
_uftrmpbs. Hekerte 8 Jbrcktmret Hcljcrea Vcdefbabtesb Aedel jel Pcrdutelel
_msbea. Jcpertcncl Kcdutelel

_odnbjt, A. 6006. PcjmnelPclelielelFclbdZelenelDutelZrmpbsjel _uf

Zrmpbs.Zcrhcnedel.KcrheseneJbrcktmretHcljcreaVcdefbatesbAedeljelPcrd
utelel_msbeajcliel Bljmlcsbe
Bljmlcsbe Gmrcst _ccj Prmhcot. Hekerte.
Hek erte.

_ubte, C. 6004. Pclierud Vueli, Ncjbe, jel Pcrbmjc _bnpel tcrdejep

Pcrkcoenfedel Fclbd Kcnclyel (_tyrex fclzmbl Jryelj). Hurlea Dutel

Zelenel. Puset Pclcabtbel jel Pclicnfeliel Dutel Zelenel. Wma. 3 (5).

_utmpm, A. 600:. Zcklmamib

Zcklmamib Fclbd. Veheweab Prcss8 Hekerte.
_uybtlm, Ea. N_. 6009. Pctulhuk Prektbkun Gbsbmamib Zunfudel Jeser. SLR
Rmiyekerte.

Zenbl, V. P. 6009. Zcklbk pcrkcoenfedel fclbd hetb (Zcotmleireljbs Abll. G.).

HurleaEirmlmnb.. Wma.
HurleaEirmlmnb Wm a. 5 (6)8 9-5:.

Rulbertb, L. 6006. Pclcltuel Oere Pcraekuel Pcljeduauel Fclbd _eie Pmdml

(Ejcleltdcre sp.). Hurlea Nelehcncl Dutel Zrmpbke Wma. 4 (6).

56
 

Rulbertb, Lelbli. 6053. Zcklbk Pcnetedel Jmrnelsb ultuk Ncnpcrocpet

Pcrkcoenfedel Fclbd Kmurferba. Prmscnles Nesy Fbmjbv Bljml. Wma 5
(7).

5?
 

AENPBVEL

Enpaes Icaes Kepes

Yejed fhb sewm kcibetel prektbkun fbhb sewm (ebr fbese 9 derb)

Fbhb sewm (ebr jblibl) fbhb sewm (ebr fbese) fbhb sewm (ebr peles)