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―]AODJLZLLN LKTJDJVNJV‟
]TH@J OLNLIAOAN
CLGQEPLV AGHNHOJ
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GLPL ]ANKLNPLT
]uij syugur gabl`jrlt Publn Zlnk Olbl Gulsl ltls saklel ejoplbln Tlbolt, `ln
Darglt-Nyl sabjnkkl gloj `lplt oanyusun `ln oanyaeasljgln tukls olglelb
olglelb kunl
kunl
oaoanubj slelb sltu tukls oltl guejlb Olnliaoan Lkrjdjsnjs. Blrlpln gloj
saohkl olglelb jnj oaodlntu oanlodlb pankatlbuln `ln pankleloln dlkj plrl
paodlfl, sabjnkkl gloj `lplt oaopardljgj dantug olupun jsj olglelb jnj
sabjnkkl ga `aplnnyl `lplt eadjb dljg.
@lelo panuejsln olglelb jnj panuejs dartarjol glsjb gapl`l dlplg Ban`rl Vlputrl,
VA., O.Vj ltls dlntuln `ln ohtjvlsj sabjnkkl panuejs `lplt oanyaeasljgln tukls
jnj. Glranl gatardltlsln jeou olupun pankleloln, tar`lplt gagurlnkln `lelo
panyusunln olglelb
olglelb jnj. Heab glranl jtu gloj slnklt darblrlp slrln
slrln `ln
`ln grjtj
grjtjg
gyylnk
lnk
oaodlnkun darlsle `lrj paodlfl.
Pjo ]anuejs
j
@LCPLT JVJ
GLPL ]ANKLNPLT...................................................
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@LCPLT JVJ.......................................
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DLD J ]AN@LBQEQLN..........................................
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<.< Eltlr Daelglnk...............................................................
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<.4 Tuousln Olslelb ...........................................
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<.6 Puiuln ]anuejsln .............................................
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DLD JJ ]AODLBLVLN ........................
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4.< @acjnjsj ]aodjlylln ]aruslblln Lkrjdjsnjs................................................
Lkrjdjsnjs..............................................................
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4.4 Vuodar Oaoparheab @lnl ........................................................
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4.6 Lelsln ]anjnkgltln Vuodar @lyl Gaulnkln ..................................
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4.0 Glpln ]anjnkgltln Vuodar @lyl Gaulnkln @jparelgugln
@ jparelgugln...................................
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4.1 Ianjs-Ianjs Oh`le `ln ]jniloln.............................................
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4.3 Djlyl Oh`le ..............................................
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4.; ]anantuln Iuoelb ]jniloln ..........................................
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4.2 Dadarlpl Lelt Eljn .............................................
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4.: ]rhsa`ur ]jniloln .............................................
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4.<= Vuodar-Vuodar Gaulnkln Agstarnle ............................................
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4.<< Vylrlt-Vylrlt ]aojejbln Dlng ..........................................
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DLD J
]AN@LBQEQLN
Oh`le partlnjln `lelo lrtj olgrh l`lelb clgthr prh`ugsj oh`le ylnk `jsleurgln,
`jgaehel `ln `jghntrhe `j `lelo gakjltln aghnhoj `j sagthr partlnjln. Oh`le
uslbltlnj `lelo lrtj ojgrh l`lelb clgthr prh`ugsj oh`le ylnk `jsa`jlgln, `jhelb `ln
`jghntrhe `j `lelo sultu uslbltlnj paruslblln lkrjdjsnjs olupun sultu uslbltlnj
<
ylnk olsjb sa`arblnl. Oh`le `lplt darupl oh`le jnvastlsj `ln oh`le hparlsjhnle.
]ankkunlln oh`le tarsadut dartuiuln lklr paruslblln lkrjdjsnjs/uslbltlnj `lplt
DLD JJ
]AODLBLVLN
]aodjlylln l`lelb lgtjvjtls DOP `lelo panya`jlln `lnl `jolnl `lnl tarsadut
`j`lplt `lrj lnkkhtl ylnk gaeadjbln `lnl, `ln `jsleurgln gapl`l pjblg ylnk
gagurlnkln `lnl `ankln gasaplgltln pankaodlejlnnyl `lelo ilnkgl wlgtu tartantu
`ln njsdlb dlkj blsje ylnk taelb `jsaplgltj.
Lkrjdjsnjs l`lelb djsnjs dardlsjs uslbl partlnjln ltlu dj`lnk eljn ylnk
oan`ugunknyl, dljg `j sagthr bueu olupun `j bjejr. ]anyadutln ―bueu‟ `ln ―bjejr‟
oanklfu pl`l pln`lnkln phghg dlbwl lkrjdjsnjs dagaril pl`l rlntlj sagthr plnkln
( chh` su ppey fbljn). Lkrjdjsnjs, `ankln pargltlln eljn, l`lelb flrl pln`lnk aghnhoj
chh` suppey
dlkj uslbl panya`jlln plnkln. Vadlklj sudiag lgl`aojg, lkrjdjsnjs oaopaelilrj
strltakj oaoparheab gauntunkln `ankln oankaehel lspag du`j`lyl, panya`jlln
dlbln dlgu, plsflplnan,
plsflplnan, prhsas pankhelbln, bjnkkl tlblp paolslrln.
@lelo ghntags olnliaoan lkrjdjsnjs `j `lelo `unjl lgl`aojg, satjlp aeaoan `lelo
prh`ugsj `ln `jstrjdusj partlnjln `lplt `jiaelsgln sadlklj lgtjvjtls lkrjdjsnjs.
lkrjdjs njs. Nloun
jstjelb ―lkrjdjsnjs‟ `j olsylrlglt uouo sarjnkglej `jtaglngln pl`l gatarklntunkln
dardlklj sagthr jnj `j `lelo rlntlj prh`ugsj.
Jstjelb ―lkrjdjsnjs‟ `jsarlp `lrj dlblsl jnkkrjs9 lkrjdusjnass , ylnk oaruplgln eulrln
`lrj lkrjfuetura (partlnjln) `ln dusjnass (djsnjs). @lelo dlblsl jn`hnasjl `jganle
puel vlrjln lnkejsjsoanyl, lkrhdjsnjs.Hdiag lkrjdjsnjs `lplt darupl tuodubln,
bawln, ltlupun hrklnjsoa eljnnyl. Gakjltln du`j`lyl oaruplgln jntj ( fhra)
@lelo pargaodlnkln olsl gjnj lkrjdjsnjs tj`lg blnyl oanflgup gapl`l jn`ustrj
olglnln slil glranl paolnclltln prh`ug partlnjln taelb dargljtln arlt `ankln
6
clrolsj, tagnhehkj dlbln, `ln panya`jlln anarkj. CLH oaojejgj dlkjln ylnk
darhparlsj panub pl`l pankaodlnkln lkrjdjsnjs ylnk dartuiuln untug oanjnkgltgln
partuodubln jn`ustrj plnkln
plnkln `j naklrl dargaodlnk.
uslbl9
<. ]aruslblln naklrl l`lelb paruslblln ylnk `j`jrjgln `ln `joh`lej heab
naklrl
4. ]aruslblln ghparlsj l`lelb paruslblln ylnk `j`jrjgln `ln `joh`lej heab
lnkkhtlnyl
6. ]aruslblln swlstl l`lelb paruslblln ylnk `j`jrjgln `ln `joh`lej heab
sagaehophg hrlnk `lrj eulr paruslblln.
Qnsur-unsur paruslblln
0
L`l tjkl suodar ylnk `lplt `jklej olnlkar untug oaoparheab `lnl ylnk `jpareugln
kunl oankhprlsjgln lkrjdjsnjs9
Vuodar utlol `lnl lkrjdjsnjs (eadjb `lrj 1=%) oaruplgln gaglylln darsjb
(nat whrtb) paruslblln (oh`le san`jrj).
1
]ankkunlln ylnk plejnk pantjnk ltls suodar `lyl gaulnkln tlodlbln l`lelb untug
pareulsln wjelylb `ln oanjnkgltgln partuodubln djsnjs, untug oaelgugln lgtjcjtls
djsnjs tlodlbln, untug oanilkl ltlu oanjnkgltgln ejguj`jtls ltlu phsjsj gls
paruslblln, `ln untug oanjnkgltgln
oanjnkgltgln phsjsj darsljnk paruslblln.
Qlnk oaojejgj sjclt slnklt fljr/ejquj` `ln tardltls sabjnkkl gjtl pareu oanantugln
glpln suodar `lyl gaulnkln blrus `jtjnkgltgln. Qntug oanantuglnnyl dadarlpl
partlnylln blrus `jliugln `ln `jilwld saflrl bltj-bltj, yljtu9
@lelo ghntags lguntlnsj oh`le `jlrtjgln sadlklj gaglylln darsjb ltlu agujtls
paojejg `lelo djsnjs. L`l `ul tjpa
t jpa oh`le yljtu oh`le lsjnk `ln oh`le san`jrj.Oh`le
lsjnk `ln oh`le san`jrj `lplt `jda`lgln sadlklj darjgut9
3
Oh`le jnj oaopunylj dadln dunkl tatlp, Oh`le ynlk darblgl ltls eldl
6. tlnpl oaoln`lnk l`lnyl gauntunkln sasu`lb paodlylrln dunkl gapl`l
ltlu tj`lg. oh`le lsjnk.
Oh`le jnj oaopunylj blg untug Oh`le ylnk oanil`j ilojnln, `ln
1. `j`lbueugln ( praccarant
praccarant rjkbt ) sadaeuo blgnyl l`lelb sataelb oh`le lsjnk `j
oh`le san`jrj `j `lelo ejguj`lsj. `lelo ejguj`lsj.
]jniloln ilnkgl pan`ag `j`acanjsjgln sadlklj pjniloln ylnk lgln iltub taoph
`lelo sltu tlbun ltlu gurlnk `ln `jkunlgln lpldjel gadutubln lgln `lnl tlodlbln
darsjclt saoantlrl.
Djlslnyl `jkunlgln untug oanya`jlgln oh`le `lelo wlgtu <-1 tlbun. ]jniloln
sapartj jnj blopjr saeleu `jlohrtjslsj, lrtjnyl `jfjfje saelol ilnkgl wlgtu pjniloln.
;
]jniloln ilnkgl plnilnk oaopunylj olsl plglj eadjb `lrj 1 tlbun. Qouonyl,
pjniloln ilnkgl plnilnk iukl oaolthg sasultu sapartj sugu dunkl ltlu tjnkglt
pankaodlejln ylnk lgln tatlp darelgu untug saeurub pjniloln.
Oh`le agujtls `lplt `jkunlgln untug gapareuln ylnk slol sapartj blenyl `lnl ylnk
`jpjnilo, tatlpj l`l parda`lln pantjnk yljtu oh`le agujtls tj`lg `lplt `jdlylr
gaodlej. Oh`le agujtls djsl `jparheab `ankln oanlnlogln gaodlej eldl uslbl ltlu
`ankln oaojntl plrl panlnlo oh`le lklr olu oanlodlb jnvastlsjnyl `lelo djsnjs.
Daslrnyl djlyl rjje ylnk blrus `jtlnkkunk paruslblln tarklntunk pl`l daslrnyl
dunkl, parsylrltln ilnkgl wlgtu paeunlsln, pankan`lejln uslbl ylnk tj`lg dadls
darupl sle`h ojnjole, `ln tlrjc plilg . L`lpun dadarlpl clgthr eljn ylnk
oaopanklrubj djlyl darsjb `lrj oh`le ylnk `jpjnilo9
]aodltlsln Eljn
2
Vltuble ylnk sarjnk `jldljgln heab plrl olnlkar lkrjdjsnjs l`lelb panurunln eldl
ganl plilg sadaslr dunkl ylnk `jdlylr, glranl dunkl oaruplgln dadln (axpansa)
djsnjs. Flrl ylnk plejnk dljg untug oankatlbujnyl l`lelb `ankln oaoparbltjgln
eldl darsjb sataelb plilg, sadaeuo `ln sasu`lb oaojnilo `lrj dlng.
]ankunkgjt ltlu eavarlka oaruplgln sultu ghnsap paodjlylln oaeleuj butlnk ilnkgl
plnilnk untug oankklntjgln panlblnln eldl sadlklj oh`le. Vadlklj plthgln `lslr,
lklr `lplt oaopardaslr eldl, tjnkglt pankaodlejln oh`le lkrjdjsnjs sataelb plilg
blrus eadjb tjnkkj `lrj pl`l djlyl butlnk sataelb plilg.
L`l `ul clgthr utlol ylnk oaopanklrubj gaolopuln lkrjdjsnjs untug oaeunlsj
pjniloln yljtu eldl hparlsj pl`l tlbun tarsadut `ln panyusutln. Dadarlpl lelt eljn
ylnk oaopanklrubj gaolopuln lkrjdjsnjs untug oaeunlsj pjniloln l`lelb lnkklrln
gls `ln elphrln gaulnklnprh chrol.
<. Pj`lg l`l panlnloln oh`le ylnk lgln oanlrjg `jrj `lelo oankbl`lpj olsl
suejt
4. Tlsjh shevansj (rlsjh lntlr gaglylln darsjb tarbl`lp utlnk) fugup dljg, ltlu
iuoelb oh`le garil daslr
6. Dlnylg saglej lgtjvl tatlp ylnk `lplt `jiule
0. Tasjgh ylnk targln`unk `lelo lgtjvl ylnk `jdaej gafje
@ul lelt ltlu tagnjg eljn oaoljngln parlnln pantjnk `lelo paodjlylln paruslblln
lkrjdjsnjs, ylgnj lnkklrln gls `ln elphrln gaulnkln prh chrol.
:
Elphrln jnj lgln oankklodlrgln olsl `apln djsnjs `ln lgln oaodlntu olnlkar
`lelo oanjelj gadutubln gaulnkln djsnjs saelol `ln pl`l lgbjr parjh`a ghparlsj.
Oh`le `lrj suodar agtarnle l`lelb oh`le ylnk darlsle `lrj eulr paruslblln. Vuodar
oh`le ylnk tarsa`jl untug satjlp lkrjdjsnjs lntlrl eljn 9 Dlng Ghoarsjle, ]jniloln
`ankln Ilojnln ]jutlnk Qslbl, Dugtj ]anarjolln Ku`lnk, ]aruslblln lsurlnsj,
Eaodlkl Gaulnkln Ghoarsjle, Clgthr, ]aojniloln heab Ghparlsj, Gra`jt @lklnk,
Ealsjnk ltlu ]anyawlln, Hdejklsj, Vurlt Butlnk, [asae Dlylr.
Dlng ghoarsjle oaruplgln suodar utlol `lrj `lnl pjniloln blopjr saoul
lkrjdjsnjs. Dlng-dlng jnj oanya`jlgln 2=% `lrj `lnl pjniloln, gafulej gra`jt
par`lklnkln.
Blopjr saoul paruslblln lsurlnsj tartlrjg pl`l pjniloln ilnkgl oananklb `ln
ilnkgl plnilnk untugpaodaejln
untugpaodaejln lgtjvl tatlp, sapartj dlrlnk tj`lg darkarlg.
0. Clgthr
Clgthr oaruplgln suodar `lnl oh`le oh`le ylnk slnklt gbusus. Clgthr
oaodaej pjutlnk uslbl pl`l blrkl ylnk eadjb ourlb `ln oaojgue san`jrj
rjsjgh taril`jnyl pjutlnk ylnk tj`lg `lplt `jtlkjb.
1. ]aojniloln heab Ghparlsj
Ghparlsj lkrjdjsnjs `lplt oaojnilo `lrj dlng ghparlsj ylnk oaruplgln dlkjln `lrj
sjstao gra`jt uslbl tlnj.
Vlelb sltu suodar oh`le ylnk plejnk `jldljgln l`lelb gra`jt ylnk `jldljgln l`lelb
gra`jt ylnk `jdarjgln heab paolshg uslbl lkrjdjsnjs.
;. Ealsjnk ltlu ]anyawlln
<
Vylrltnyl l`lelb sadlklj darjgut9 Oaruplgln dlng ylnk prhkrasjc, Ianjs gra`jt ylnk
`jtlwlrgln, Qgurln dlng ylnk `jpareugln, ]aklwlj ylnk dardhdht, Gadjilgln dlng,
]arsjlpln `lelo oaojnilo.
Oh`le jntarnle l`lelb oh`le ylnk `jblsjegln san`jrj `j `lelo paruslblln. Oh`le
jntarnle `j `lelo sultu paruslblln sadlklj darjgut 9 Oh`le Agujtls, Vlblo Djlsl,
Vlblo ]racaran, ]anyusutln ( `aprafjltjhns ).
Oanuniuggln `lnl ylnk `jparheab paruslblln oaeleuj eldl ylnk `jtlbln, tlodlbln
jnvastlsj heab plrl paojejg, ltlu panlodlbln iuoelb panlnloln oh`le ylnk darsa`jl
oaojgue rasjgh garil.
Qntug paruslblln gafje, pl`l uouonyl paniuleln dlkjln slblo djsl `jelgugln
gapl`l hrlnk ylnk `jganle heab paojejg ylnk l`l saglrlnk.
6. Vlblo ]racan
Vlblo pracanl`lelb slblo ylnk `j`lbueugln heab paruslblln. Ijgl sultu parsarhln
`jejguj`lsj, plrl paojejg slblo pracaran lgln oaoparheab pankaodlejln blg
ojejgnyl tareadjb `lbueu sadaeuo paoaklnk slblo djlsl.
<
DLD JJJ
]ANQPQ]
6.< Gasjopueln