KLALCLB DJEDPLGI

Hilnualm umtua kjkjmubi Xudls Djedrlgi

Duru Djedrlgi

Hrs. Numljhi L`hi, K. _i.

HI_Z_ZM ECJB

Ajcekpea :

Xiglmy Lmddrljmi Vutri _eciblt

Gil Kucylmi

Klyl Auskilti

Lrme Irsyllhi Plobklm

 Mlcl Cuoals _jpte

RII KIVL 7

_KLM < ALPLTLMD

Nlclm Njmh. Lbklh Ylmi Me.00 Ajo. Alrlwlmd @lrlt. 8<?<0 Xjcp. (6074)
860??:, Glxikicj (6074) 8<4:?9

j-klic > sklmslUalrlwlmdFylbee.oek

wj`sitj > www.sklm<alrlwlmd.sob.ih
 

HLGXLP I_I

Hlgtlr Isi...............................................
Isi.....................................................................
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............. ii

@L@ I VJMHLBZCZLM..........................
VJMHLBZCZLM................................................
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.............................
....... ?-:

<.< Cltlr @jclalmd....................................

@jclalmd..........................................................
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.........................?
...?

<.0 Pukuslm Klslclb.............................................

Klslclb...................................................................
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.......... 8

<.? @ltlslm Klslclb.........................................

Klslclb...............................................................
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<.8 Xunulm hlm Klmgllt.............................................

Klmgllt...................................................................
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........ :

@L@ II CLMHL_LM XJEPI.................................

XJEPI.......................................................
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................ 7-<4

L. Imtjrprjtlsi Vjtl hlm Vjmdeclblm Oitrl Vjmdimhrllm Nlub tjralit Nlrimdlm Xrlmspertlsi hlm
Xltl Duml Clblm....................................
Clblm..........................................................
............................................
............................................
........................ 7

<. Imtjrprjtlsi Vjtl hlm Vjmdimhrllm Nlub ..........................................

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...... 7

0. Imtjrprjtlsi Oitrl Vjmdimhrllm Nlub .....................................................

.........................................................................
.................... 4-<0
?.Vjmdeclblm Oitrl Vjmdihrllm Nlub umtua Nlrimdlm Xrlmspertlsi ................................<?-<:
................................<?-<:

8. Vjmdeclblm Oitrl Vjmdimhrllm Nlub umtua Xltl Duml Clblm .....................................<7-<4

.....................................<7-<4

@L@ III VJMZXZV..................................

VJMZXZV........................................................
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?.< Ajsikpuclm....................................
Ajsikpuclm..........................................................
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........ <2

?.0 _lrlm...........................................
_lrlm.................................................................
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........... <9

Hlgtlr Vustlal..........................................
Vustlal................................................................
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......... 06

@L@ I
0
 

VJMHLBZCZLM

<.<
<.< Cl
Cltl
tlrr @j
@jcl
clal
almd
md

Vjmdimhjrllm nlub `jrajk`lmd slmdlt pjslt sjnla cikl hlslwlrsl tjrlabir imi.
Vjrajk`lmdlmmyl kjciputi lspja sjmser, wlblml ltlu ajmhlrllm pjk`lwl sjmser, njmis
oitrl sjrtl ciputlm hlm ajtjrsjhillmmyl, lclt hlm lmlcisis hltl, hlm nukclb pjmdduml sjrtl
 `ihlmd pjmddumllmmyl.
pjmddumllmmyl.
Xjamecedi pjmdimhjrllm nlub kjruplalm pjmdjk`lmdlm hlri tjamecedi
 pjketrjtlm uhlrl ylmd kucli hipjrajmlcalm plhl labir
labir l`lh aj <9. Klmgllt petrjt uhlrl
hirlsl slmdlt `jslr hlclk pjrlmd humil pjrtlkl hlm ajhul, sjbimddl olrl imi hiplali
hlclk jaspcerlsi rulmd lmdalsl. _jnla sllt itu isticlb pjmdimhjrllm nlub (rjketj
sjmsimd) hiajmlc hlm kjmnlhi pepucjr hlclk humil pjkjtllm . Jaspcerlsi rulmd lmdalsl
ylmd `jrclmdsumd sjnla tlbum <976 lm lmtlrl clim hiwlaici ecjb sltjcit-sltjcit Djkimi,
Lpecce, _putmia, _ecyus. Alkjrl prjsisi timddi kjmdlk`ic dlk`lr `uki hlm
kjk`jrialm imgerklsi `jr`ldli djnlcl hipjrkuallm `uki sjpjrti djecedi, ajbutlmlm,
ajclutlm hlm sj`ldlimyl.

 Xjamecedi pjketrjtlm hlm pjrjalklm pjrkuallm `uki `jrajk`lmd cj`ib clmnut

hjmdlm kjmddumlalm `jr`ldli sistik pjrjalk hltl sjpjrti alkjrl klnjkua,
kuctispjotrlc solmmjr, vihioem, rlhiekjtjr, spjotrekjtjr ylmd `jrclmdsumd slkpli
sjalrlmd. Vlhl tlbum <940 sltjcit Jlrtb Pjseuroj Xjobmecedy _ltjccitj-< (JPX_-<),
sjalrlmd hiajmlc hjmdlm Clmhslt, umtua pjrtlkl alci hier`italm Lkjrial _jrialt. _ltjcit
imi hiajmlc sj`ldli sltjcit suk`jr lclk alrjml gumdsimyl lhlclb umtua kjkjtlalm
 petjmsi suk`jr lclk hlm kjklmtlu aemhisi cimdaumdlm.
cimdaumdlm.

Vlrl prlatisi hlri `jr`ldli `ihlmd icku kjmoe`l kjklmglltalm hltl Clmhslt
umtua kjmumnlmd predrlk pjkjtllm, ylmd hlclk wlatu pjmhja hisikpucalm `lbwl hltl
sltjcit tjrsj`ut petjmsilc umtua kjmumnlmd predrlk pjkjtllm hlclk cimdaup lrjl ylmd
slmdlt culs. _uajs predrlk Clmhslt hiiauti ecjb mjdlrl-mjdlrl clim hjmdlm
hier`italmmyl `jr`ldli sltjcit sjnjmis sjpjrti _VEX ecjb Vjrlmois, IP_ ecjb Imhil, KE__
hlm Lhjes ecjb Njplmd, JP_-< ecjb KJJ (Klsylrlalt Jaemeki Jrepl) hlm Plhlrslt
ecjb Almlhl.Vlhl sjaitlr tlbum 0666 sjmser `jrajtjcitilm timddi ylmd sjkucl kjruplalm
 njmis sjmser umtua kltl kltl/imtjccjdjmoj tjclb pucl hiplali umtua ajpjrculm sipic hlm
hier`italm kjclcui sltjcit-sltjcit \uioa`irh, Iaemes, Er`ikldj-?, sjbimddl e`yja ajoic hi
 pjrkuallm `uki hlplt pucl hirjalk.

Hi Imhemjsil, pjmddumllm gete uhlrl umtua survjy pjkjtllm suk`jr hlyl tjclb
hikucli ecjb `j`jrlpl imstlmsi plhl lwlc tlbum <946-lm. _llt imi tjclb `jrjhlr `lmyla
 njmis sltjcit suk`jr hlyl. Kucli hlri mjdlrl klnu sjpjrti Lkjrial _jrialt, Almlhl,
Vjrlmois, Njplmd, Pusil, bimddl mjdlrl-mjdlrl `jslr mlkum hjmdlm pjmhlpltlm pjr
alpitl ylmd rjmhlb sjpjrti Imhil hlm Pjpu`cia Playlt Oiml. @jr`ldli sltjcit suk`jrhlyl
ylmd hicumouralm itu kjmlwlralm ajklkpulm ylmd `jrvlrilsi, hlri rjsecusi splsilc 6,7
kjtjr (\uioa@irtb kicia Lkjrial) bimddl sjaitlr <,< aicekjtjr (MELL-LWBPP nudl
kicia Lkjrial _jrialt). @jr`ldli mjdlrl hi Jrepl, Lkjrial Ztlrl, Lkjrial

?
 

Cltim, Lsil hlm `lbalm Lgrial tjclb `lmyla kjklmglltalm sltjcit itu umtua
 pjk`lmdumlm.

<.0 Pukuslm Klslclb

<) Lpl ylmd hiklasuh hjmdlm pjmdimhjrllm nlub 5

0) Lpl klmgllt pjmdimhjrllm nlub 5

?) @ldliklml pjmdimhjrllm nlub hlplt hiclaualm 5

8) Kjmdlpl pjmdimhjrllm nlub slmdlt `jrpjrlm pjmtimd hlclk `jr`ldli blc 5

:) Lpl slnl aekpemjm pjmdimhjrllm nlub 5

7) @ldliklml olrl kjmdimtjrprjtlsi oitrl 5

<.? Xunulm

Vjmucislm klalclb imi sjclim `jrtunulm umtua kjkjmubi tudls kltl aucilb
 pjmdimhjrllm nlub, nudl hiblrlpalm
hiblrlpalm hlplt kjmlk`lb pjmdjtlbulm kjmdjmli
 pjmdimhjrllm nlub hlm imtjrprjtlsi oitrl sjrtl klmglltmyl ylmd hipjrcualm hlclk
 `jr`ldli `ihlmd.

Vjmddumllm hltl sltjcit pjmdimhjrllm nlub hi `ihlmd aj`ukilm tjclb `lmyla 

hiclaualm hi mjdlrl klnu umtua ajpjrculm pjkjtllm djecedi, jaspcerlsi kimjrlc hlm
jmjrdi, `jmolml lclk hlm sj`ldlimyl. Hi Imhemjsil pjmddumllm hlclk `ihlmd
aj`ukilm `jcuk sj`lmyla hi culr mjdjri alrjml `jr`ldli ajmhlcl, hilmtlrlmyl hltl
sltjcit ouaup klblc, kjkjrcualm segtwlrj abusus hlm plcimd utlkl lhlclb
ajtjrsjhillm suk`jrhlyl klmusil ylmd tjrlkpic slmdlt tjr`ltls.

Hlclk pjk`lblslm alci imi lalm cj`ib hitjalmalm plhl pjrajk`lmdlm

tjamecedi pjmdimhjrllm nlub tlmpl kjk`lbls primsip hlslrmyl sjolrl kjmhlclk,

sjclim
ukuk.itu kjk`lbls kjmdjmli prespja pjmddumllmmyl umtua `ihlmd icku sjolrl

<.8 Klmgllt

<. @ldi _iswl

l. Hlplt kjkpjrecjb pjmdjtlbulm sjolrl culs, `lia hlri hlclk ltlupum hlri culr 
 nlmdalulm pjmhihialm sjolrl ukuk abususmyl
abususmyl pjmhihialm hlclk icku
Vjmdimhjrllm Nlub.
 `. Kjmimdaltalm aulcitls ajickulm
o. Kjmdbimhlri ajtjrtimddlclm imgerklsi hlclk icku-icku Djedrlgi plhl
ukukmyl.
8
 

0. @ldi Duru
l. Kjk`lmtu hlm kjkpjrclmolr nlclmmyl Vresjs @jclnlr Kjmdlnlr.
 `. Kjk`lmtu pjmolrilm kltjri sjolrl ojplt, tjplt hlm culs.

?. @ld
@ldi Vjk
Vjk`lol
`lol

l. Iaut kjmhuaumd hlm turut sjrtl kjmimdaltalm kutu pjmhihialm abususmyl icku
Djedrlgi.
 `. Kjkiciai micli tlk`lb `ldi larjhitlsi pjmhihialm Djedrlgi hlri Alryl tucis
tjmtlmd Icku Vjmdimhjrllm Nlub.

@L@ II

:
 

ALNILM XJEPI

L. IMXJPVPJXL_I VJXL HLM VJMDECLBLM OIXPL

VJMDIMHP
VJMD IMHPLLM
LLM NLZB XJPA
XJPALIX
LIX NLPIM
NLPIMDLM
DLM XPLM
XPLM_VEPX
_VEPXL_I
L_I
HLM XLXL DZML CLBLM

I. Imt
Imtjrp
jrprjtl
rjtlsi
si Vjtl
Vjtl h
hlm
lm Vj
Vjmdi
mdimhr
mhrllm
llm Nlub
Nlub

Ajtjrlkpiclm hlslr pjtl hlm pjkjtllm lhlclb imtjrprjtlsi pjtl ltlu pjmlgsirlm pjtl

<. Ve
Vecl
cl lcir
lcirlm
lm ssum
umdl
dlii

Hi sik`ecalm hjmdlm dlris `jrwlrml `iru. Vecl lcirlm sumdli ylmd hlplt hilklti hi hlclk
 pjtl lhlclb sj`ldli `jriaut>
l. Vecl
Vecl lci
lcirlm
rlm sumdli
sumdli kjkuslt
kjkuslt (sjmtrip
(sjmtripjtlc
jtlc)) kjmlmh
kjmlmhlal
lalm
m `lbwl
`lbwl pecl lcirlm
lcirlm sumdli
sumdli
tjrsj`ut `jrlhl plhl sultu ojaumdlm ltlu hlmlu. @ilslmyl hinukpli plhl hinukpli
hi hljrlb lcirlm tjmdlb hjmdlm ajkirimdlm cjrjmdmyl ylmd clmhli
 `. Vecl lcirlm kjmyj`lr (sjmtrigudlc) ylitu pecl lcirlm sumdli ylmd kjmyj`lr hlri
sultu titia.

0. Ve
Vecl
cl V
Vjk
jkuai
uaikl
klm
m pj
pjmh
mhuhu
uhua 
a 

Vecl pjkuaiklm pjmhuhua plhl pjtl hioirialm hjmdlm kjmddumlalm culslm hlm wlrml.
Vecl ‟ pecl pjrkuaiklm pjmhuhua ylmd hlplt hilklti plhl pjtl lhlclb sj`ldli `jriaut>
l. Vecl
Vecl pjkuai
pjkuaiklmklm kjklmnl
kjklmnlmd,
md, kislcmy
kislcmyll pjkuai
pjkuaiklm
klm hi sjplmnlmd
sjplmnlmd sumdli
sumdli,, dlris
dlris
 plmtli, hlm nlclm rlyl.
 `. Vecl pjkuaiklm `jrajcekpea,
`jrajcekpea, kislcmyl plhl pjruklblm.

?. Ve
Vecl
cl Nlcl
Nlclm
m Pl
Plyl
yl

Vecl nlclm rlyl hipjtl hioirialm hjmdlm sik`ec dlris `jrwlrml kjrlb. Vjr`jhllm ajtj`lclm

dlris
dlris kjmlmh
kjmlmhlal
lalmm pjr`jh
pjr`jhllm
llm njmis
njmis nlc
nlclm.
lm. Vecl
Vecl ‟ pe
pecl
cl ylmd
ylmd hilklt
hilkltii plhl
plhl pjtl
pjtl lhlclb
lhlclb
sj`ldli `jriaut>
l. Vecl
Vecl nlcl
nlclm
m rl
rlyl
yl yl
ylmd
md cu
curu
rus,
s, kjml
kjmlmhmhla
lalm
lm `l
`lbw
bwll hl
hljr
jrlb
lb tj
tjrsj
rsj`u
`utt lh
lhlcl
lclbb hl
hltl
tlrlm
rlm
rjmhlb
 `. Vecl nlclm rlyl ylmd `jrajcea ‟ ajcea, kjmlmhlalm `lbwl hljrlb tjrsj`ut lhlclb
hljrlb pjdumumdlm
o. Vecl
Vecl nlcl
nlclm
m kjk`
kjk`jm
jmtu
tuaa suhu
suhutt tjrl
tjrltu
tur,
r, kjml
kjmlmh
mhla
lalm
lm `l
`lbw
bwll hlhljr
jrlb
lb tjtjrs
rsj`
j`ut
ut
kjruplalm hljrlb pjruklblm ltlu rjlc jstltj

_uk`jr >

_eklmtri, Cici hlm Muruc Buhl. 06<7. Latig

06<7. Latig hlm Arjltig @jclnlr Djedrlgi Ajcls RII .
@lmhumd> Drlgimhe Kjhil Vrltlkl

II. Imtjrp
Imtjrprjtlsi
rjtlsi Oi
Oitrl
trl Vjmdi
Vjmdimhrllm
mhrllm nl
nlub
ub

7
 

Vjmd
Vjmdim
imhr
hrll
llm
m nlub
nlub kjru
kjrupl
plal
almm up
uply
lyll kjkp
kjkpjre
jrecj
cjb
b im imge
gerk
rkls
lsii tj
tjmt
mtlm
lmd
d e`
e`nj
nja
a hi
 pjrkuallm `uki hjmdl kjmddumlalm
kjmddumlalm lclt pjmlmdalp ( sjmser ),
), tlmpl aemtla clmdsumd hjmdlm
e`nja.

l. Zm
Zmsu
surr Im
Imtj
tjrp
rprj
rjtl
tlsi
si O
Oitr
itrll

Hlclk pjclnlrlm djedrlgi, aitl hiajmlcalm

hiajmlcalm hjmdlm pjmdimhjrllm
pjmdimhjrllm nlub sjrtl
imtjrprjtlsi oitrl. Imtjrprjtlsi oitrl kjruplalm sultu ajdiltlm kjmlgsiralm oitrl ltlu
gete umtua ajkuhilm kjmicli pjmtimd tihlamyl e`nja tjrsj`ut. Xunulm hlri imtjrprjtlsi
oitr
oitrll lh
lhlcl
lclb
b um
umtu
tua
a kjmd
kjmdjmjmlci
lci e`
e`nja
nja yl
ylmd
md tj
tjrja
rjalk
lk hlhlcl
clk
k oi
oitrl
trl hj
hjmd
mdlm
lm tl
tlbl
blpl
plm
m
imtjrprjtlsi ylmd tjrhiri hlri hjtjasi, ihjmtigialsi sjrtl lmlcisis.

Imtjrprjtlsi oitrl `isl hiclaualm hjmdlm `lmtulm lclt stjrjesaep ylmd kjkiciai
gumdsi umtua kjkumoucalm dlk`lr ? hikjmsi hlri hul cjk`lr oitrl ylmd hicjtlaalm
hjmdlm olrl `jrtlkplclm. Blsic imtjrprjtlsi oitrl imi lalm kjk`jrialm `lmyla klmgllt
 `lia itu hi `ihlmd djedrlgi
djedrlgi umtua lmlcisis wiclylb ltlupum cimdaumdlm.

_uplyl `isl kjmylhlp imgerklsi ylmd lhl plhl sultu oitrl, plstimyl sjsjerlmd
ylmd lalm kjclaualm imtjrprjtlsi oitrl blrus plblk tjrcj`ib hlbucu kjmdjmli umsur-
umsur imtjrprjtlsi oitrl. Hi `lwlb imi kjruplalm umsur-umsur hlclk imtjrprjtlsi oitrl.

<. Peml

Peml imi kjruplalm umsur hlslr hlclk imtjrprjtlsi oitrl. Peml kjruplalm
timdalt ajojrlblm sultu e`nja hjmdlm timdaltlm kucli hlri bitlk bimddl putib ltlu
sj`lciamyl. Oemtebmyl lhlclb pjrlirlm ylmd hlmdalc sjpjrti `i`ir plmtli kjkiciai reml
ylmd ojrlb.

Xjrhlplt `j`jrlpl glater ylmd kjkpjmdlrubi reml lmtlrl clim alrlatjristia 

e`yja itu sjmhiri, oulol sllt pjrjalklm, pesisi e`yja sjrtl wlatu pjrjalklm hlm
wlrml e`yja hi clplmdlm.

0. @jmtua 

@jmtua kjruplalm oiri e`nja ylmd hlplt hjmdlm njcls tjciblt sjbimddl kuhlb
umtua kjmdjmlci e`nja `jrhlslralm `jmtua e`nja, kislcmyl lhlclb clplmdlm sjpla 
 `ecl ylmd tjrciblt `jr`jmtua jcips ltlu ruklb ylmd rltl-rltl kjkiciai `jmtua pjrsjdi
pjrs jdi
 plmnlmd. @jralitlm hjmdlm `jmtua, tjrhlplt hul isticlb `jmtua ylitu `jmtua ukuk
ukuk ltlu
culr (sblpj) hlm `jmtua rimoi (gerk).

@jmtua
@jmtua ukuk
ukuk kjru
kjrupl
plal
alm
m `j`jmt
mtua
ua e`
e`yj
yja
a sj
sjolr
olrll ukuk
ukuk,, sjsjbi
bimd
mddl
dl um
umtu
tua 
a 
kjmlgsiralm e`yja ylmd lhl plhl oitrl blmyl hjmdlm kjciblt oiri abls ylmd lhl plhl
e`yja sjolrl ukuk pucl. Kislcmyl lhlclb dumumd `jrlpi kjkiciai `jmtua ajruout.

_jhlmdalm `jmtua rimoi lhlclb `jmtua ylmd cj`ib kjkpjrimoi

_jhlmdalm kjkpjrimoi `jmtua
`jmtua ukuk.
ukuk.
Oemtebmyl lhlclb dumumd lpi hjmdlm tipj strlte ylmd tihla kutcla `jr`jmtua ajruout,
tjtlpi
tjtlpi klsib
klsib lhl `jmtua
`jmtua clim
clim sjpjrt
sjpjrtii lhlmyl
lhlmyl lci
lcirlm
rlm sumdli
sumdli hi cjrjmd
cjrjmd dumumd
dumumd sjrtl
lhlmyl pltlblm sjbimddl kjk`jmtua idir ajoic, cjk`lb sjrtl nurlmd.

?. Zaurlm

4
 

Zaurlm imi `jralitlm hjmdlm salcl oitrl, `isl `jrupl culs, plmnlmd, timddi ltlu
vecukj.
vecukj. Zaurlm
Zaurlm nudl kjruplalm
kjruplalm glater pjmdjmlc
pjmdjmlc e`nja ylmd hlplt hidumlalm
hidumlalm umtua 
umtua 
kjk`jh
kjk `jhlal
lalm
m e`yja
e`yja ylmd
ylmd sjnjmis
sjnjmis ylmd
ylmd lhl plhl
plhl oitrl.
oitrl. Kislcmy
Kislcmyll uaurlm
uaurlm clplmd
clplmdlm
lm
sjpla `ecl kjkiciai uaurlm ylmd cj`ib culs hi`lmhimdalm hjmdlm clplmdlm tjmis.

8. Xjastur 

Xjastur hlclk imtjrprjtlsi oitrl himyltlalm `jrhlslralm timdaltlm alslr ltlu

blcus
blcus ltlu sjhlmd
sjhlmd sultu
sultu e`yja.
e`yja. Xjastur
jastur kjrupl
kjruplalm
alm pjmduc
pjmduclmd
lmdlm
lm reml
reml plhl
plhl sultu
sultu
aj
ajce
cekp
kpeaea e`
e`yj
yja.
a. Kislc
Kislcmy
myll pj
pjrl
rlirl
irlm
m kjki
kjkiciciai
ai tj
tjas
astu
turr yl
ylmd
md bl
blcu
cuss sjhlm
sjhlmda
dalm
lm
 pjpebemlm kjkiciai tjastur ylmd alslr.
alslr. Oemteb climmyl lhlclb tlmlklm plhi kjkiciai
tjatur ylmd blcus hlm clblm ylmd tjmdlb hitlmlki tj`u kjkiciai tjastur ylmd sjhlmd

:. Vecl

Vecl kjruplalm timdalt ajojmhjrumdlm `jmtua sultu e`nja hlm `isl kjmnlhi
 pjrtlmhl lalm lhlmyl e`nja clim `lia itu blsic hlri `jmtualm klmusil (`ultlm) ltlupum
lclki. Oemteb, aitl ajmlc hjmdlm `j`jrlpl pecl lcirlm sumdli, slclb sltumyl lhlclb
 pecl lcirlm sumdli trjccis, imi `isl kjmumnuaalm `lbwl hi cealsi tjrsj`ut tjrhlplt
cipltlm.

Oemt
Oemte
eb clim
climmy
myll lh
lhlc
lclb
lb pe
pecl
cl pjkua
jkuaik
iklm
lm ylm
lmd
d `jr
jra
ajc
jce
ekpe
pea
a ylm
lmd
d
kjmdimhialsialm lhlmyl kltl lir ltlu pecl pjkuaiklm kjmyj`lr ylmd lhl hi hljrlb
alrst ltlu pecl pjkuaiklm kjklmnlmd ylmd lhl hi hi hjalt nlclm ltlu plmtli.

7. @lylmdlm

@lylmdlm kjkiciai siglt kjmyjk`umyialm ajhjtliclm sultu e`nja ylmd `jrlhl

hi lrjl ylmd djclp. Mlkum `jditu, `lylmdlm imi nudl kjruplalm aumoi pjmtimd hlclk
 pjmdjmlclm e`yja. Kislcmyl lhlclb cjrjmd ylmd tjrnlc lalm tjrciblt cj`ib njcls hjmdlm
lhlmyl `lylmdlm.

4. _itus

_itus imi kjruplalm

kjruplalm pesisi sultu e`yja tjrblhlp e`yja ylmd clim ylmd lhl hi
sjaitlrmyl. Kislcmyl lhlclb pjkuaiklm ylmd kjkiciai pecl cimijr hjmdlm kjmdiauti
 plmnlmd nlclm ltlu plmtli hlm sjaeclb ylmd `jrlhl
`jrlhl hi hjalt clplmdlm sjpla `ecl.

2. Lsesilsi

Lsesilsi kjruplalm ajtjralitlm lmtlrl e`yja ylmd sltu hjmdlm e`yja ylmd
climmyl. Oemteb hlri lsesilsi imi lhlclb aj`jrlhllm stlsium ajrjtl lpi ylmd `jrlsesilsi
hjmdlm rjc ajrjtl lpi.

9. Aemvjrdjmsi @uati

Aemvjrdjmsi `uati imi lhlclb kjmddumlalm `j`jrlpl umsur imtjrprjtlsi oitrl

sjbimd
sjbimddl
dl `isl
`isl kjkpjr
kjkpjrsjk
sjkpit
pit rulmd
rulmd cimdau
cimdaup
p ylmd
ylmd kjmdlr
kjmdlrlba
lbalm
lm plhl
plhl ajsikp
ajsikpucl
uclmm
e`yja tjrtjmtu. Kislcmyl lhl e`yja ylmd `jr`jmtua aetla hjmdlm tjastur blcus hlm
 `jmtuamyl tjrltur,
tjrltur, `isl kjmdimhialsialm `lbwl e`nja tjrsj`ut lhlclb slwlb

2
 

 `. Imtjrprjtlsi Oitrl Hiditlc

Imtjrprjtlsi oitrl hiditlc kjclcui tlblplm-tlblplm sj`ldli `jriaut.

<. Kjmdimstlc tjrcj`ib hlbucu predrlk Jr-Klppjr ltlu JMWI ylmd

kjruplalm predrlk (segtwlrj) umtua kjmdeclb oitrl.

0. Ikpert hltl, kjmdikper hltl sltjcit ylmd lalm hidumlalm aj hlclk

gerklt Jr Klppjr.

?. Kjmlkpicalm oitrl,umtua kjmdjtlbui aulcitls oitrl ylmd lalm

hidumlalm. Nial aulcitls oitrlmyl njcja sjpjrti `lmyla lwlm, klal presjs
 pjmdeclblm oitrl tihla hiclmnutalm.

8. Pjatigialsi hltl, umtua kjmderjasi ajslclblm djekjtria sjbimddl

aeerhimlt oitrl slkl hjmdlm aeerhimlt `uki.

:. Kezlia oitrl, ylitu kjmddl`umdalm `j`jrlpl oitrl ylmd slcimd

 `jrtlkplclm.

7. Vjmlnlklm oitrl, ylitu kjkpjr`liai aulcitls oitrl sjbimddl

kjkpjrkuhlb pjmdduml hlclk kjmdimtjrprjtlsi oitrl

4. Aekpesisi pjtl, ylitu kjk`ult pjtl blsic imtjrprjtlsi oitrl hjmdlm

kjmlk`lbalm umsur umsur pjtl sjpjrti sik`ec, cjdjmhl, salcl, aeerhimlt hlm
lrlb kltl lmdim

2. Vjmojtlalm, ylitu eutput pjtl oitrl ylmd blsicmyl hlplt hidumlalm

tjrdlmtumd ajpjrculm.

o. Lml
Lmlcisi
cisiss Hl
Hltl
tl V
Vjmdi
jmdimhr
mhrllm
llm nlub (VN
(VN))

Kjmurut Cimtz Nr. hlm _ikemjtt hlclk _utlmte (<998>4), lhl tidl rlmdalilm
ajdiltlm ylmd hipjrcualm hlclk pjmdjmlclm e`yja ylmd tjrdlk`lr plhl oitrl, ylitu>

l. Hjtjasi, lhlclb pjmdlkltlm lhlmyl sultu e`nja, kislcmyl plhl dlk`lrlm

sumdli tjrhlplt e`yja ylmd `ualm lir.

 `. Ihjmtigialsi, lhlclb uplyl kjmoirialm e`yja ylmd tjclb hihjtjasi hjmdlm
kjmddumlalm ajtjrlmdlm ylmd ouaup. Kislcmyl `jrhlslralm `jmtua, uaurlm,
hlm cjtlamyl, e`yja ylmd tlkpla plhl sumdli tjrsj`ut hisikpucalm sj`ldli
 pjrlbu keter.

o. Lmlcisis, ylitu pjmdukpuclm ajtjrlmdlm cj`ib clmnut. Kislcmyl hjmdlm

kjmdlklti nukclb pjmukplmdmyl, sjbimddl hlplt hisikpucalm `lbwl pjrlbu
tjrsj`ut pjrlbu keter ylmd `jrisi hul `jcls erlmd.
9
 

Oitrl sltjcit ylmd hlplt hiclaualm imtjrprjtlsi sjolrl klmulc lhlclb njmis oitrl
hjmdlm rjsecusi spjsilc ylmd timddi spjrti oitrl iaemes, quioa `irh, Lcess hs`.
Imtjrprjtlsi hiclaualm hjmdlm kjmddumlalm aumoi-aumoi imtjrprjtlsi visulc
(_utlmte,<927) ylmd tjrhiri hlri reml/wlrml, pecl, `jmtua, uaurlm, tjastur, situs, hlm
lsesilsi.

Nlhi hi hlclk imtjrprjtlsi oitrl, pjmlgsir kjmdalni oitrl hlm `jruplyl

kjmdjmlci e`nja kjclcui tlblplm ajdiltlm, ylitu>

• hjtjasi

• ihjmtigialsi

• lmlcisis

_jtjclb kjclcui tlblplm tjrsj`ut, oitrl hlplt hitjrnjklbalm hlm

hidumlalm aj hlclk `jr`ldli ajpjmtimdlm sjpjrti hlclk> djedrlgi, djecedi,
cimdaumdlm bihup, hlm sj`ldlimyl. Vlhl hlslrmyl ajdiltlm imtjrprjtlsi oitrl
tjrhiri hlri 0 presjs, ylitu kjclcui pjmdjmlclm e`nja kjclcui presjs hjtjasi hlm
 pjmiclilm ltls gumdsi e`nja.

l. Hjtjasi

Vjmdjmlclm e`nja kjclcui presjs hjtjasi ylitu pjmdlkltlm ltls lhlmyl

sultu e`nja, `jrlrti pjmjmtulm lhl ltlu tihlamyl sjsultu plhl oitrl ltlu
uplyl umtua kjmdjtlbui `jmhl hlm djnlcl hi sjaitlr aitl hjmdlm
kjmddumlalm lclt pjmdimhjrl (sjmser). Zmtua kjmhjtjasi `jmhl hlm
djnlcl hi sjaitlr aitl, pjmdimhjrllmmyl tihla hiclaualm sjolrl clmdsumd
ltls `jmhl, kjclimalm hjmdlm kjmdalni blsic rjalklm hlri gete uhlrl
ltlu sltjcit.

 `. Ihjmtigialsi

Lhl ? (tidl) oiri utlkl `jmhl ylmd tjrdlk`lr plhl oitrl

 `jrhlslralm oiri ylmd tjrjalk ecjb sjmser ylitu sj`ldli `jriaut>

• _pjaterlc

Oiri spjaterlc ilclb oiri ylmd hiblsicalm ecjb imtjrlasi lmtlrl

tjmldl jcjatrekldmjtia hlm `jmhl ylmd himyltlalm hjmdlm reml hlm
wlrml.

• _pltilc

Oiri spltilc ilclb oiri ylmd tjralit hjmdlm rulmd ylmd kjciputi
 `jmtua, uaurlm, `lylmdlm,
`lylmdlm, pecl, tjastur, situs, hlm lsesilsi.

• Xjkperlc

Oiri tjkperlc ilclb oiri ylmd tjralit hjmdlm ukur `jmhl ltlu
sllt pjrjalklm.
<6
 

0. Vjmiclilm ltls gumdsi e`nja hlm alitlm lmtlr

lmtlr e`nja hjmdlm olrl kjmdimtjrprjtlsi
kjmdimtjrprjtlsi
hlm kjmdlmlcisis oitrl ylmd blsicmyl `jrupl aclsigialsi ylmd kjmunu aj lrlb tjerislsi
hlm labirmyl hlplt hitlria ajsikpuclm hlri pjmiclilm tjrsj`ut. Vlhl tlblplm
imi,imtjrprjtlsi hiclaualm ecjb sjerlmd ylmd slmdlt lbci plhl `ihlmdmyl, alrjml
blsicmyl slmdlt tjrdlmtumd plhl ajklkpulm pjmlgsir oitrl.

Kjmurut Vreg. Hr. _utlmte, plhl hlslrmyl imtjrprjtlsi oitrl tjrhiri hlri hul
ajdiltlm utlkl, ylitu pjrjalklm hltl hlri oitrl hlm pjmddumllm hltl tjrsj`ut umtua
tunulm tjrtjmtu.Ciblt dlk`lr 8.<

Vjrjalklm hltl hlri oitrl `jrupl pjmdjmlclm e`nja hlm umsur ylmd tjrdlk`lr
 plhl oitrl sjrtl pjmylnilmmyl aj hlclk `jmtua tl`jc, drlgia ltlu pjtl tjkltia. Zrutlm
ajdiltlm hikucli hlri kjmdurlialm ltlu kjkislbalm e`nja ylmd reml ltlu wlrmlmyl
 `jr`jhl hlm sjclmnutmyl hitlria dlris `ltls/hjcimjlsi `ldi e`nja ylmd reml hlm
wlrmlmyl slkl. Ajkuhilm sjtilp e`nja ylmd hipjrcualm hiajmlci `jrhlslralm
alrlatjristia splsilc hlm ltlu umsur tjkperlcmyl.

E`nja ylmd tjclb hiajmlci njmismyl, ajkuhilm hiaclsigialsialm sjsuli hjmdlm

tunulm imtjrprjtlsimyl hlm hidlk`lralm aj hlclk pjtl ajrnl ltlu pjtl sjkjmtlrl.
Ajkuhilm pjajrnllm kjhlm (clplmdlm) hiclaualm umtua kjmnldl ajtjcitilm hlm
aj`jmlrlmmyl. _jtjclb pjajrnllm kjhlm hiclaualm, hiclaslmlalmclb imtjrprjtlsi labir
hlm pjmdalnilm ltls pecl ltlu susumlm ajrulmdlm (e`nja) hlplt hipjrdumlalm sjsuli
tunulmmyl. Zmtua pjmjcitilm kurmi, alnilmmyl hilrlbalm plhl pjmyusumlm tjeri,
sjkjmtlrl lmlcisismyl hidumlalm umtua pjmdimhjrllm nlub, sjhlmdalm
s jhlmdalm umtua pjmjcitilm
tjrlplm, hltl ylmd hipjrecjb hlri oitrl hidumlalm umtua lmlcisis hlclk `ihlmd tjrtjmtu
sjpjrti djedrlgi, eojlmedrlgi, cimdaumdlm bihup, hlm sj`ldlimyl. Zmtua cj`ib
cj `ib njclsmyl
ciblt ajk`lci dlk`lr 8.<.

Hlclk kjmdimtjrprjtlsi oitrl, pjmdjmlclm e`nja kjruplalm `ldilm ylmd slmdlt

 pjmtimd, alrjml tlmpl pjmdjmlclm ihjmtitls hlm njmis e`nja,
e`nja, klal e`nja ylmd
tjrdlk`lr plhl oitrl tihla kumdaim hilmlcisis. Vrimsip pjmdjmlclm e`nja plhl oitrl
hihlslralm plhl pjmyjcihialm alrlatjristiamyl plhl oitrl. Alrlatjristia ylmd
tjrdlk`lr plhl oitrl hlm hidumlalm umtua kjmdjmlci e`nja hisj`ut umsur imtjrprjtlsi
oitrl.

h. Vjr`j
Vjr`jhllm
hllm Imtjrp
Imtjrprjtls
rjtlsii Oitr
Oitrll Klm
Klmulc
ulc hl
hlm
m Oitr
Oitrll Hidit
Hiditlc
lc

Oitrl pjmdimhjrllm nlub hlplt pucl hislnialm kjmddumlalm oekputjr hlclk

 `jmtua clria piasjc, hiklml klsimd-klsimd piasjc
piasjc `jrbu`umdlm hjmdlm micli hiditlc
ylmd kjrjprjsjmtlsi timdalt ajojrlblm piasjc tjrsj`ut plhl oitrl. Hltl sjpjrti imi
hisj`ut hjmdlm hltl gerklt hiditlc. Imtjrprjtlsi visulc hlplt pucl hiclaualm hjmdlm
kjmdlklti oitrl hiditlc plhl clyjr aekputjr.

Imtjrprjtlsi hlplt hiclaualm hjmdlm tlkpiclm bitlk putib ltlu oitrl `jrwlrml.
Oitrl bitlk putib kjmlkpicalm oitrl sltu slcurlm ylmd hislnialm hjmdlm pjr`jhllm

<<
 

timdalt ajl`ulm (drjysolcj). Viasjc hjmdlm micli rjmhlb lalm rjprjsjmtlsi hjmdlm
wlrml bitlk hlm micli timddi hirjprjsjmtlsi hjmdlm wlrml putib. Vjr`jhllm micli
 plmtuclm spjotrlc ylmd tjrrjalk plhl sjmser kjmnlhialm micli plhl tilp piasjc oitrl
 `jrvlrilsi. Wlrilsi imiclb ylmd sjclmnutmyl hiwunuhalm hjmdlm tlkpiclm drlhlsi bitlk
 putib tjrsj`ut plhl oitrl hlm kjk`jmtua dlk`lrlm e`yja
e`yja hi kual `uki.

Oitrl `jrwlrml kjruplalm tlkpiclm oitrl hjmdlm kucti slcurlm ylmd

hibu`umdalm hjmdlm pjmjk`la wlrml kjrlb, binlu hlm `iru (PD@) plhl oekputjr.
Wlrilsi micli plhl sultu aeerhimlt piasjc ylmd slkl lalm kjkpjmdlrubi imtjmsitls
klsimd-klsimd wlrml ylmd kumouc hiclylr aekputjr. Jgja hlri presjs imi lhlclb
tlkpicmyl oitrl hjmdlm wlrml-wlrml plhl e`yja-e`yjamyl. Tlrml-wlrml e`yja
slmdlt tjrdlmtumd hlri aek`imlsi slcurlm ylmd hidumlalm hlclk pjmlkpiclm tjrsj`ut.
Xlkpiclm oitrl imi sjrimd pucl hisj`ut hjmdlm tlkpiclm kucti spjatrlc.

Ajtial hltl pjmdimhjrllm nlub `jr`jmtua hiditlc, klal presjs hlm lmlcisis
hiditlc hlplt hiclaualm hjmdlm kjmddumlalm aekputjr. Vresjs hlm lmlcisis hiditlc
oitrl hiclaualm umtua kjkpjrtlnlk ltlu kjmimdaltalm aulcitls hlm laurlsi
imtjrprjtlsi sjolrl visulc tjrblhlp oitrl tjrsj`ut. Hlclk presjs hlm lmlcisis hiditlc,
hlplt hiclaualm presjs eteklsi ihjmtigialsi e`yja hlm pjmylhlplm imgerklsi. Vresjs
eteklsi imi kjmdurlmdi imtjrvjmsi hlri imtjrprjtjr plhl presjs imtjrprjtlsi tjrsj`ut.
Blc sjpjrti imi sjrimd hiclaualm umtua kjcjmdalpi hlm kjk`lmtu lmlcis ecjb
imtjrprjtjr oitrl.

  Vrimsip imtjrprjtlsi sjolrl hiditlc>

´ Lhlclb kjmdu`lb hltl mukjria kjmnlhi imgerklsi umtua ajpjrculm tjrtjmtu

´ Xilp piasjc kjkiciai micli spjatrlc tjrtjmtu ltlu ylmd `ilsl hisj`ut micli pixjc

´ Ajmlkplalm e`yja ylmd `jr`jhl plhl oitrl hialrjmlalm lhlmyl pjr`jhllm imtjrvlc
micli ylmd kjrjprjsjmtlsialmmyl, sjclim ajslm pecl spjatrlcmyl nudl `jr`jhl.

_ylrlt pjmdeclblm hltl hiditlc

´ Ajtjrsjhillm oitrl pjmdimhjrllm nlub ylmd micli spjatrlcmyl himyltlalm hlclk `jmtua
hidit. @jr`ldli njmis oitrl pjmdimhjrllm nlub sltjcit Clmhslt, _VEX, IAEME_, \uioa @irh,
LCE_, hcc ylmd hlplt hieclb sjolrl hiditlc.

´ Lhlmyl tjamecedi aekputjr ylmd olmddib

´ Lcderitk ylmd hlplt hitjrlpalm `ldi pjmdimhjrllm nlub

´ Kjtehecedi ltlu strltjdi umtua lmlcisis.

_uk`jr >

bttps>//www.deedcj.oek/lkp/www
bttps>//www.deedcj.oek/lkp/www.jvjmtzjre.erd/umsur-imtjrprjtlsi-oitrl-icku-
.jvjmtzjre.erd/umsur-imtjrprjtlsi-oitrl-icku-
djedrlgi/lkp/5jspv;<

<0
 

III. Vjmdeclblm Oitrl Vjmdimhrllm Nlub umtua Nlrimdlm

Xrlmpertlsi

l. Vj
Vjmd
mdjr
jrti
tilm
lm X
Xrl
rlms
mspe
pert
rtls
lsii
Xrlmspertlsi lhlclb pjrpimhlblm klmusil ltlu `lrlmd hlri sltu tjkplt aj
tjkplt climmyl hjmdlm kjmddumlalm ajmhlrllm ylmd hidjrlaalm ecjb klmusil ltlu
kjsim. Hi zlklm sjalrlmd, trlmspertlsi hi`jhlalm kjmnlhi ?, ylitu trlmspertlsi hlrlt,
trlmspertlsi clut, hlm trlmspertlsi uhlrl. Oemteb kehl trlmspertlsi hlrlt ylitu `jola,
ke`ic, hjcklm, `us, ajrjtl lpi, sjpjhl, lmdaet, hlm climmyl. Oemteb kehl trlmspertlsi
clut, lmtlrl clim pjrlbu, alplc, djtja, hlm climmyl. _jhlmdalm oemteb kehl
trlmspertlsi uhlrl ylitu pjslwlt, bjciaeptjr, hlm `lcem uhlrl. Vjkiciblm pjmddumllm
kehl trlmspertlsi `jrdlmtumd plhl `j`jrlpl glater, lmtlrl clim >

l) _jdi
_jdi Vjcl
Vjclyl
ylml
mlm
m
 `) Ajlmhlclm hlclk @jrdjrla 
o) Ajsj
Ajsjclk
clkltl
ltlm
m hlclk
hlclk Vjrnlc
Vjrnlclm
lmlm
lm
h) @ilyl
j) Nlrl
Nlrla
a Xjkp
jkpub
g) Ajoj
Ajojppltlm
ltlm Djrl
Djrla 
a 
d) Ajlm
lmh
hlclm
b) Ajpjrculm
i) Gcjasi`icitls
 n) Ximdalt Vepuclsi
a) Vjmd
Vjmddu
duml
mllm
lm @lb
@lblm
lm @lal
@lalr 
r 

 `. Vjrjmolmllm Xrlmspertlsi

Vjrjmolmllm trlmspertlsi lhlclb ajdiltlm ylmd hiclaualm umtua kjrlmolmd hlm
kjkprjhiasi aj`utublm trlmspertlsi hi klsl ylmd lalm hltlmd. Xunulm hlslr
 pjrjmolmllm trlmspertlsi lhlclb kjkpjrairlalm nukclb hlm cealsi aj`utublm
aj`utublm lalm
trlmspertlsi plhl klsl ylmd lalm hltlmd umtua ajpjmtimdlm aj`inlaslmllm imvjstlsi
 pjrjmolmllm trlmspertlsi. Kehjc pjrjmolmllm trlmspertlsi ylmd pepuclr lhlclb
–Kehjc Vjrjmolmllm Xrlmspertlsi Jkplt Xlblp‛. Lhl jkplt su`kehjc, ylitu >

<. Vjkehj
Vjkehjclm
clm @lmd
@lmdait
aitlm
lm hlm XXlri
lrialm
alm Vjrdjr
Vjrdjrlal
lalm
m
Kehjc imi `jrtunulm umtua kjkpjrairlalm nukclb pjrdjrlalm ylmd
lalm hiclaualm plhl sjtilp tjkplt lslc aj tjkplt tunulm. Hltl ylmd
hi`utubalm hlclk kehjc imi lhlclb hltl pjmddumllm clblm, pjmhuhua, hlm
aemhisi sesilc jaemeki.
0. Vjkehj
Vjkehjclm
clm _j`lrlm
_j`lrlm/Hi
/Histri
stri`us
`usii Vjrdjrla
Vjrdjrlalm
lm
Xlblp imi kjruplalm imtjrlasi lmtlrl pjmddumllm clblm, nlrimdlm
trlmspertlsi, hlm lrus clcu cimtls. Hi hlclk pjkehjclm imi hiajmlc isticlb
imtjrlasi splsilc, ylitu lrus klmusil, `lrlmd, ulmd ltlu imgerklsi.
?. Vjke
Vjkehjhjcl
clmm Vjki
Vjkici
cibl
blmm Kehl
Kehl
Glater pjkiciblm kehl trlmspertlsi kjruplalm blc ylmd slmdlt pjmtimd
alrjml kjmylmdaut pjkiciblm njmis trlmspertlsi yld hi`utubalm ldlr `isl
slkpli hi tjkplt tunulm. Lhl `lmyla sjalci glater ylmd kjkpjmdlrubi
<?
 

 pjmdduml hlclk kjkicib kehl trlmspertlsi, `lbalm

`lbalm lhl alclmyl pjkiciblm
kehl trlmspertlsi tihla blmyl sj`ltls plhl aj`utublm, mlkum prjstisj.
Kislcmyl erlmd ylmd `jrpjmhlpltlm timddi cj`ib kjkicib kjmddumlalm
ajmhlrllm pri`lhi hi`lmhimdalm trlmspertlsi ukuk.
8. Kehjc
Kehjc Vjkici
Vjkiciblm
blm Putj
Putj Vjrnl
Vjrnlclm
clmlm
lm
Hltl ylmd hidumlaalm hlclk kehjc imi lmtlrl clim pjrkimtllm
lmdautlm hlm nlrimdlm nlclm. Glater ylmd kjmnlhi pjrtik`lmdlm hlclk
 pjkiciblm rutj pjrnlclmlm, ylitu wlatu tjkpub, nlrla, `ilyl, hlm climmyl.
Vjkiciblm rutj imi hipjrcualm. Vjmdjkuhi blrus ojrklt hlclk kjmolri
lctjrmltig umtua kjmdbimhlri ajklojtlm ltlu ajmhlcl-ajmhlcl clim ldlr hlplt
kjkimiklcalm `ilyl hlm wlatu pjrnlclmlm.

_uk`jr>

_eklmtri, Cici hlm Muruc Buhl. 06<7. Latig

06<7. Latig hlm Arjltig @jclnlr Djedrlgi Ajcls RII .
@lmhumd> Drlgimhe Kjhil Vrltlkl
bttps>//ih.wiaipjhil.erd/wiai/Xrlmspertlsi
bttp>//sylgii.stlgg.ums.lo.ih/gicjs/06<6/60/`l`-0-pjmhjaltlm-pjrjmolmllm-trlmspertlsi-
 pjraetllm<.phg 

o. Nlrimdlm Xrlmspertlsi
Kjmurut Zmhlmd-umhlmd Me. ?2 Xlbum 0668, nlclm kjruplalm `ldilm hlri
sistjk trlmspertlsi mlsiemlc ylmd kjkpumyli pjrlmlm pjmtimd hlclk kjmhuaumd
 `ihlmd jaemeki, sesilc hlm `uhlyl
`uhlyl sjrtl cimdaumdlm ylmd hlp
hlplt
lt hiajk`lmdalm
kjclcui pjmhjaltlm pjmdjk`lmdlm wiclylb ldlr tjrolpli ajsjik`lmdlm hlm
 pjkjrltllm pjk`lmdumlm lmtlrhljrlb, hlm kjkpjraeaeb
kjkpjraeaeb ajsltulm mlsiemlc umtua
kjklmtlpalm pjrtlblmlm hlm ajlklmlm mlsiemlc, sjrtl kjk`jmtua struatur rulmd
hlclk rlmdal kjwunuhalm slslrlm pjk`lmdumlm mlsiemlc.

Kjmurut Zmhlmd-umhlmd Me.?2 Xlbum 0668, nlrimmdlm nlclm hi`jhlalm

 `jrhlslralm gumdsimyl, ylitu nlclm lrtjri, nlclm aecjater, nlclm cealc, hlm nlclm

cimdaumdlm.
<) Nlclm Lrtjri
Lrtjri kjruplalm
kjruplalm nlclm
nlclm ukuk ylmd
ylmd `jrgumdsi
`jrgumdsi kjclylmi
kjclylmi lmdautlm
lmdautlm utlkl
utlkl hjmdlm
hjmdlm
oiri pjrnlclmlm nlrla nlub, ajojpltlm rltl-rltl timddi, hlm nukclb nlclm klsua hi`ltlsi
sjolrl `jrhlyl duml.
0) Nlclm Aecjater
Aecjater kjruplalm
kjruplalm nlclm
nlclm ukuk ylmd `jrgumd
`jrgumdsi
si kjclylmi
kjclylmi lmdautlm
lmdautlm pjmdukpuc
pjmdukpuc
hlm pjk`ldi hjmdlm oiri pjclylmlm nlrla sjhlmd, ajojpltlm rltl-rlt sjhlmd hlm
 nukclb nlclm klsua hi`ltlsi
?) Nlclm cealc
cealc kjruplalm
kjruplalm nlclm
nlclm ukuk ylmd
ylmd `jrgumdsi
`jrgumdsi kjclylmi
kjclylmi lmdautlm
lmdautlm sjtjkplt
sjtjkplt
hjmdlm oiri pjrnlclmlm nlrla hjalt, ajojpltlm rltl-rltl rjmhlb, hlm nukclb nlclm klsua 
tihla hi`ltlsi
8) Nlclm cimdaum
cimdaumdlm
dlm kjruplalm
kjruplalm nlclm
nlclm ukuk ylmd
ylmd `jrgumdsi
`jrgumdsi kjclylm
kjclylmii lmdautlm
lmdautlm
cimdaumdlm hjmdlm oiri pjrnlclmlm nlrla hjalt hlm ajojpltlm rltl-rltl rjmhlb.

<8
 

h. Vjmdimhrllm Nlub umtua Alnilm Xrlmspertlsi

Vjmdimhrllm Nlub ylitu pjmyjhillm hltl pjmddumllm clblm, hlclk

 pjmdukpuclm clblm, pjmdukpuclm
pjmdukpuclm hltl sesilc jaemeki hlm im
imvjmtlrislsi
vjmtlrislsi nlrimdlm
trlmspertlsi.

<). Vjmyjhillm Hltl Vjmddumllm clblm  

Glater ylmmd kjkpjmdlrubi pjmyjhillm hltl pjmdddumllm clblm ylitu hltl

cealsi tjkplt timddlc pjmhuhua (pjrkuaiklm) hlm cealsi `jrlativitls pjmhuhua
(`jajrnl, sjaeclb, hlm rjarjlsi). _jtilp oitrl pjmdimhrllm nlub hlplt kjmlkpicalm hltl
 pjmddumllm clblm hjmdlm
hjmdlm wlatu pjrjalklm ylmd `jr`jhl sjbimddl hlp hlplt
lt hidumlalm
umtua kjkpjrecjb imgerklsi pjru`lblm pjmddumllm clblm hlclk pjrjmolmllm
trlmspertlsi.

0). Vjmdukpuclm Hltl _esilc Jaemeki hlm Nukclb Vjmhuhua

Imgerklsi kjmdjmli nukclb pjmhuhua plhl sultu wiclylb kjruplalm

 plrlkjtjr pjmtimd hlclk pjrjmolmllm trlmspertlsi. Vjmdimhrllm nlub kjruplalm
suk`jr hltl ylmd hlplt hidumlalm hlclk kjkpjrairlalm nukclb pjmhuhua.

Zmtua kjkpjrairlalm nukclb pjmhuhua kjclcui oitrl pjmdimhrllm nlub ylitu

hjmdlm kjmdbitumd nukclb umit `lmdumlm hlm tipj uaurlm `lmdumlm ruklb hialcialm
hjmdlm nukclb pjmdbumi
pjmdbumi tipj ruklb tjrsj`ut. Zmtua pkjmdjtlbui pecl
pecl pjrsj`lrlm
 pjmhuhua hlplt hipjrairlalm
hipjrairlalm hlri pecl pjrkuaiklm pjmhuhua.
pjmhuhua.

?) Imvjmtlris Nlrimdlm Xrlmspertlsi (Aemhisi Nlclm)

Hlslr umtua klmlnjkjm hlm pjrjmolmllm trlmspertlsi ylitu imgerklsi hjtlic

hlm laurlt tjmtlmd nlrimdlm nlclm. Oitrl pjmdimhrllm nlub rjsecusi timddi hlplt
kjmlkpicalm hltl nlrimdlm nlclm, sumdli, rjc ajrjtl lpi hjmdlm slmdlt njcls. @lbalm
gumdsi nlclm hlplt hi`jhlalm hlri oitrl nlclm tec, nlclm lrtjri, nlclm aecjater, hlm nlclm
cealc. _jclim nlrimdlm nlclm, plhl oitrl nudl hlplt hitlkpicalm pjrsikplmdlm nlclm,
tjkplt plrair, tjrkimlc, `lmhlr uhlrl, stlsium ajrjtl lpi.

_uk`jr >

_eklmtri, Cici hlm Muruc Buhl. 06<7. Latig

06<7. Latig hlm Arjltig @jclnlr Djedrlgi Ajcls RII .
@lmhumd> Drlgimhe Kjhil Vrltlkl

IW. VJMDECLBLM OIXPL VJMDIMHPLLM NLZB ZMXZA  

XLXL DZML CLBLM

l. Vj
Vjmd
mdjr
jrtil
tilm
m Xl
Xltl
tl D
Dum
umll Cl
Clbl
blm
m
<:
 

Clblm kjruplalm `ldilm pjrkuallm `uki ylmd `jrklmgllt `ldi ajbihuplm klmusil ylmd
tjr`jmtua ecjb glater gisia (tepedrlgi,iacik,djecedi,tlmlb,vjdjtlsi) hlm glater klmusil.
Klmusil hlplt kjklmhlltalm clblm sj`ldli suk`jr ajbihuplm `lia tjkplt timddlc klupum
 `jrlatigitls.

Vjmddumllm clblm sjclcu `jru`lb sjolrl himlkis `lia aulmtitltig klupum aulcitltig.
Aulmtitltig kislcmyl culs clblm pjrtlmilm `jraurlmd, aulcitltig kislcmyl pjmddumllm clblm
 pjrtlmilm kjmnlhi imhustri.

 `. Aclsigiasi Xltl Duml Clblm

Aclsigialsi pjmddumllm clblm hlcb sclb sltu lspja alnilm tltl duml clblm.
Vjmddumllm clblm hi`jhlalm kjmnlhi pjmddumllm clblm hjsl hlm aetl. Vjmddumllm
clblm hjsl `ilslmyl hihekimlsi umtua pjrtlmilm, pjraj`umlm, pjtjrmlalm, pjrialmlm,
hlm ajbutlmlm. Vjmddumllm clblm aetl cj`ib aekpcjas sjpjrti latigitls nlsl hlm
imhustri.

_istjk aclsigialsi pjmddumllm clblm blrus kjkpjrtik`lmdalm aemhisi gisia,

sesilc, `uhlyl, jaemeki, jaecedi, rjmolml pjmdjk`lmdlm, hlm ajcjstlrilm suk`jr
hlyl lclk. _isjk aclsiggialsi pjmddumllm clblm nudl blrus`jrsiglt `lau hlm tjr`ual.
@jrsiglt `lau klasuhmyl blrus slkl lmtlr imstlmsi pjkjrimtlb, kislcmyl Himls
Ajbutlmlm, Himls Vjrtlmilm, hlm @lhlm Vjrjmolml Vjk`lmdumlm Hljrlb
(@LVVJHL). @jrsiglt tjr`ual lrtimyl blrus kjmdlaekehir ajkumdaimlm
 pjmlk`lblm njmis aclsigialsi pjmddumllm clblm.

Aclsigialsi pjmddumllm clblm kjmurut I Klhj _lmhy(<944) pjmddumllm clblm

 `jrhlslralm `jmtua pjmddumllm
pjmddumllm clblm hlm salcl pjtl. Vlhl salcl < > 0:6.666 `jmtua
clblmmyl hi`jhllm ltls>

<. Vjra
Vjralk
lkpu
pum
mdlm,
dlm,
0. _lwlb,
?. Xjdl
Xjdlcl
clm
m hlm
hlm aj`
aj`umum,,
8. Butlm,
:. _jkla
_jkla `jcual
`jcualrr hlm
hlm lclmd-
lclmd-lcl
lclmd,
md,
7. Plwl.
Vlhl salcl < > <66.666 ltlu cj`ib `jslr, pjmddumllm clblmmyl hi`jhlalm ltls>

<) Vjralk
Vjralkpum
pumdlm
dlm>> alkpumd
alkpumd hlm hlm au`url
au`urlm,m,
0) Clbl
Clblmm pj
pjrt
rtlm
lmil
ilm>
m> slwlb
slwlb hitlhitlml
mlki
ki pl
plhihi sl
sltu
tu lc
lcii hl
hlclk
clk sjtlbu
sjtlbum,
m, sl
slwl
wlb
b
hitlmlki plhi hul alci sjtlbum,
?) Clblm
Clblm pjraj
pjraj`um
`umlm>
lm> alrjt
alrjt,, hlm aepi
aepi,,
8) Aj`um>
Aj`um> clblm
clblm ylmd
ylmd hitlml
hitlmlkiki `jr`ldli
`jr`ldli klolk slyurlm
slyurlm,, clblm
clblm ajrimd
ajrimd ylmd
ylmd
hitlmlki `jr`ldli klolk tlmlklm,
:) Butlm>
Butlm> butlm cj`lt, butl `jcual
`jcualr, r, butlm
butlm sjnjmis(bek
sjnjmis(bekedjm
edjm),
),
7) Aeclk
clk ialm
ialm,,
4) Plwl,

2) Clbl
9) Clblm
Cl m tlmhus
blm tlmhu
pjm
pjmdjsk`lcl
djk`ylmd
yllcllm
mdlm.
tihla
. `jrmicli
`jrmicli jaemek
jaemekis,
is,

<7
 

o. Vjm
Vjmdimh
dimhrll
rllm
m Nlub Zm
Zmtua
tua Aln
Alnilm
ilm Vj
Vjmdd
mdduml
umllm
lm Clb
Clblm
lm

Zmtua wiclylb pjraetllm, timdalt ajrimoilmmyl kjk`utubalm oitrl

 pjmdimhrllm nlub hjmdlm salcl ylmd cj`ib cj`ib `jslr ltlu rjsecusi splsilc ylmd
timddi sjpjrti oitrl \uioa`irh , oitrl Iaemes, hlm gete uhlrl. _alcl plhl oitrl
tjrsj`ut hlplt ciblt njmis pjmddumllm clblm lmtlrl clim salcl `jslr ylitu < >
<6.666 ‟ < > :.666

Oitrl pjmdimhrllm nlub hidumlalm hlclk kjkpjrecjb hltl hlslr umtua

aclsigialsi pjmddumllm clblm. Lhlpum klmgllt pjmdimhrllm nlub hlclk alnilm
 pjmddumllm clblm litu hlplt hidumlalm
hidumlalm sj`ldli `jriaut.

<) Kjklmt
Kjklmtlulu pjru`lbl
pjru`lblm m pjmddu
pjmddumll
mllmm clblm
clblm plhl sultu wiclylb
wiclylb (kiscmy
(kiscmy
al`upltjm,previmsi) tjrtjmtu ltlu hljrlb lcirlm sumdli (HL_) tjrtjmtu.
0) _uk`jr hltl umtua aclsigia gialsi pjmddumllm clb lbllm aetl ylitu
 pjrkuaiklm, pjralmterlm, ruklb slait, sjaeclb,
sjaeclb, tlklm, hlm au`urlm.
?) Vjmdua
Vjmduaurl
urlmm culs
culs pjmddu
pjmddumll
mllm
m clblm.
clblm.
8) Kjmy
Kjmyususum
um Pjmo
Pjmolmlmll Xltl
Xltl Pu
Pulmlmd
d Ticly
Ticlylblb (PXP
(PXPT)T) sjpjrt
sjpjrtii al
alwl
wlslm
slm
cimhumd, alwlslm `uhihlyl, hlm alwlslm pjrkuaiklm.
:) Kjmjmtualm aemhisi gisia clblm sjpjrti `jmtua clblm
(vucalmia,struaturlc) hlm ajkirimdlm cjrjmd.

@L@ III

AJ_IKVZCLM HLM _LPLM

?.< Ajsikpuclm
<4
 

Vjmdimhjrllm Nlub lhlclb icku hlm sjmi umtua kjkpjrecjb imgerklsi tjmtlmd
e`yja, hljrlb, ltlu djnlcl hjmdlm nlclm kjmdlmlcisis hltl ylmd hipjrecjb hjmdlm
kjmddumlalm lclt tlmpl aemtla clmdsumd tjrblhlp e`yja, hljrlb, ltlu djnlcl ylmd
hialni (Ciccjslmh lmh Aijgjr, <949).

Oitrl lhlclb dlk`lrlm rjalklm sultu e`yja (`ilslmyl `jrupl dlk`lrlm plhl
gete) ylmd hi`ulbalm hjmdlm olrl eptia, jcjatre-eptia, eptia kjalmia, ltlu jcjatremia 
hlm hiplslmd plhl wlblml.

Xunulm
Xunulm utlkl
utlkl hlri
hlri pjmdim
pjmdimhjr
hjrllm
llm nlub
nlub lhlclb
lhlclb umtua
umtua kjmduk
kjmdukpuc
pucalm
alm hltl
hltl
suk`jr hlyl lclk hlm cimdaumdlm

Aekpe
Aekpemjm
mjm Vjmdim
Vjmdimhjr
hjrllm
llm Nlub
Nlub ylitu
ylitu > suk`jr
suk`jr tjmldl
tjmldl,, ltkesg
ltkesgjr,
jr, imtjrla
imtjrlasi
si
tjmldl hjmdlm e`nja hi pjrkuallm `uki, sjmser, sistjk pjmdeclblm hltl, hlm hlm
 `jr`ldli pjmddumllm hltl.

Vjmdimhjrllm nlub hlplt hi`jhlalm kjmnlhu hul `jmtua ylitu pjmdimhjrllm

 nlub systjk plsig ylmd kjmddumlalm jmjrdi ylmd `jrlslc hlri e`yja. Jmjrdi hlplt
 `jrupl plmtuclm hlri suk`jr clim, ylmd hlclk blc imi ukukmyl lhlclb kltlblri hlm
 pjmdimhjrllm nlub systjk latig ylmd kjmddumlalm jmjrdi ylmd `jrlslc hlri sjmser 
tjrsj`ut.

imtjrp
imtjrprjt
rjtlsi
lsi oitrl
oitrl kjrupl
kjruplalm
alm sultu
sultu presjs
presjs pjmdjm
pjmdjmlcl
lclm
m e`nja
e`nja ylmd
ylmd `jrup
`jrupll
dlk`lr (oitrl) umtua hidumlalm hlclk hisipcim icku tjrtjmtu sjpjrti Djecedi, Djedrlgi,
Jaecedi, Djehjsi hlm hisipcim icku climmyl.

Hlclk kjmdimtjrprjtlsialm oitrl hi`ldi kjmnlhi `j`jrlpl tlblplm, ylitu>

 Hjtjasi ilclb pjmdjmlclm e`nja ylmd kjkpumyli alrlatjristia tjrtjmtu ecjb sjmser.

Ihjmtigialsi ilclb kjmoirialm e`nja hjmdlm kjmddumlalm hltl runualm.
 Lmlcisis ilclb kjmdukpucalm ajtjrlmdlm cj`ib clmnut sjolrl tjrimoi.
Alrlatjristia ylmd tjrdlk`lr plhl oitrl hlm hidumlalm umtua kjmdjmlci e`nja 
hisj`ut umsur imtjrprjtlsi oitrl ylmd kjciputi > reml/ wlrml, uaurlm, `jmtua, pecl,
tjastur, `lylmdlm, situs, lsesilsi, hlm aemvjrdjmsi `uati.

?.0. _lrlm

Xjamec
Xjamecedi
edi suhlb
suhlb sjklai
sjklaimm klnu,
klnu, pjmdim
pjmdimhjr
hjrllm
llm nlub
nlub ylmd
ylmd lwlcmy
lwlcmyll blmyl
blmyl
kjmd
kjmddu
duml
mlal
alm
m oitr
oitrll ge
gete
te uh
uhlrl
lrl hj
hjmd
mdlm
lm wlbl
wlblml
ml `l
`lce
cemm uh
uhlr
lrll ai
aimi
mi tj
tjclb
clb `l
`lmy
myla 
la 

<2
 

hiajk`lmdalm hjmdlm kumoucmyl oitrl sltjcit ylmd tjmtu slnl olrl ajrnlmyl cj`ib
ol
olmd
mddi
dib.
b. Vjmd
Vjmddu
duml
mllm
lm oitr
oitrll sltjc
sltjcit
it bj
bjmh
mhla
lamy
myll cj
cj`i
`ib
b hi hi
hiaj
ajk`
k`lm
lmda
dalm
lm cl
cldi
di hl
hlm
m
 pjklmglltlmyl cj`ib hieptiklcalm.

HLGXLP I_I

<. _ekl
_eklmt
mtri
ri,, Cici
Cici hlm Muru
Murucc Buhl.
Buhl. 06<7
06<7..  Latig hlm Arjltig @jclnlr Djedrlgi Ajcls RII .
@lmhumd> Drlgimhe Kjhil Vrltlkl

<9
 

0. bttps>//www.deedcj.oek/lkp/www
bttps>//www.deedcj.oek/lkp/www.jvjmtzjre.erd/umsur-imtjrprjtlsi-oitrl-icku-
.jvjmtzjre.erd/umsur-imtjrprjtlsi-oitrl-icku-
djedrlgi/lkp/5jspv;<
?. bttps>/
bttps>//ih.wia
/ih.wiaipjhil
ipjhil.erd/wia
.erd/wiai/Xrl
i/Xrlmspertl
mspertlsi
si
8. bttp>//sylgii.stlgg.ums.lo.ih/gicjs/06<6/60/`l`-0-pjmhjaltlm-pjrjmolmllm-trlmspertlsi-
 pjraetllm<.phg 
:.

06