BW_FBK COZOTB\BPBK (BWCOZ)

ZB@B BKBC B_PMWEO

@mbnucbk uktuc eoeokufm sbhbf sbtu sybrbt tulbs ebtb cuhmbf Coporbwbtbk Bkbc M

@MW_W_K IHOF >

2. KMK@M Z_WZMPB WBTM (724:4::4<)

4. OEBK W_HBOEBK (724:4::0=)
7. \MKM ZTMEB@MBKPM (724:4::71)

_KMQOTWMPBW BMW]BF DBK@_KL

BHMF NOKNBKL W2 COZOTB\BPBK

WOEOWPOT M

4:4:
 CBPB ZOKLBKPBT

Zunm `bk syucur cbem pbknbtcbk co fb`bpbk Pufbk ]bkl Ebfb Osb, cbrokb
dorcbt rbfebtKybhbf pokuhms `bpbt eokyohosbmcbk ebcbhbf ybkl dornu`uh
‘Bsufbk Coporbwbtbk pb`b Bkbc Butmseo― topbt pb`b wbctukyb. Ebcbhbf mkm

pokuhms susuk uktuc eohoklcbpm tulbs ebtb cuhmbf Coporbwbtbk Bkbc M, sohbmk mtu
uktuc
uktuc eoklot
eoklotbfu
bfumm `bk eoebfb
eoebfbem
em ebtorm
ebtorm butmse
butmseoo `bk eoebfb
eoebfbem
em cbsus
cbsus bkbc
bkbc
butmseo.
Zokuhms eoklugbpcbk tormeb cbsmf pb`b pmfbc-pmfbc ybkl tohbf eoedbktu
eokyohosbmcbk ebcbhbf mkm. Zokuhms eokyb`brm dbfwb ebcbhbf mkm ebsmf nbuf `brm
soepurkb. _ktuc mtu sotmbp pmfbc `mfbrbpcbk `bpbt eoedormcbk ebsucbk dorupb
crmtmc `bk sbrbk ybkl dorsmabt eoedbkluk.

Dbk`ukl, Nbkubrm 4:42

Zokuhms

m
 @BAPBT MWM

FBHBEBK N_@_H
CBPB ZOKLBKPBT .....................................................
........................................................................................
...................................mm
@BAPBT MWM ...........................................
.................................................................
............................................................mm
......................................mm
DBD M ZOK@BF_H_BK ............................................
...................................................................................
.......................................22
2.2 Hbtbr Dohbcbkl ......................................................
............................................................................
..........................................2
....................2
2.4 Punubk ................................................
......................................................................
............................................
.......................................4
.................4
DBD MM PMKNB_BK POITMPMW ..........................................................
........................................................................7
..............7
4.2 Ciksop Zokybcmt Butmseo Zb`b Bkbc ............................................................7
............................................................7
b. @oamkmsm
@oamkmsm Butmseo
Butmseo ....
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
............
.........0
..0
d. Otmihilm Butmseo .....................................
...........................................................
............................................
............................?
......?
g. Zbtiamsmihi
Zbtiamsmihilm
lm Butmseo
Butmseo ....
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
............
................
..............6
.....6
`. Zoeormcsbbk
Zoeormcsbbk Zokuknbkl
Zokuknbkl ..........
...............
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...........
............22
......22
o. Zokbtbhbcsbk
Zokbtbhbcsbkbbk
bbk Butmseo
Butmseo .........
..............
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.............
..................
...........22
..22
4.4 Ciksop Bsufbk Coporbwbtbk ...........................................
.................................................................
..............................24
........24
DBD MMM BW_FBK COZOTB\BPBK BKBC B_PMWEO .............................21
7.2 Bsufbk Coporbwbtbk pb`b Bkbc Butmseo ....................................................21
....................................................21
b. Zoklcbnmbk
Zoklcbnmbk .........
..............
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
...........
...............
...................
............2=
..2=
d. @mblkisb Coporbwbtbk .....................................
...........................................................
.......................................4:
.................4:
g. Mktorvoksm
Mktorvoksm Coporbwbtbk
Coporbwbtbk ..........
...............
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...........
................4
..........4?
?
`. Mephoeoktbsm
Mephoeoktbsm Coporbwbtbk
Coporbwbtbk ..........
...............
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..............
..................
...........46
..46
o. Ovbhubsm
Ovbhubsm Coporbwbtbk
Coporbwbtbk ..........
..............
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...............
..................4=
........4=
DBD MQ ZOK_P_Z ............................................
..................................................................
............................................
...........................7:
.....7:
0.2 Cosmepuhbk ...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
....................................7:
..............7:
0.4 Wbrbk ............................................
..................................................................
............................................
.............................................7:
.......................7:
@BAPBT Z_WPBCB ..........................................
................................................................
.....................................
.........................
..........72
72

mm
 DBD M

ZOK@BF_H_BK

2.2 Hbtbr
Hbtbr Dohbcbk
Dohbcbkl
l
Butm
Butmss b`
b`bhb
bhbf
f lb
lbkl
kllu
lubk
bk po
porc
rcoe
oedb
dbkl
klbk
bk yb
ybkl
kl ci
ciep
ephoc
hocss eoky
eokybk
bklc
lcut
ut
cieukmcbsm, mktorbcsm sismbh `bk bctmvmtbs mebnmkbsm. Lonbhbkyb euhbm kbepbc
sodohue
sodohue bkbc dorusmb 7 tbfuk,
tbfuk, dbfcbk
dbfcbk pb`b butmstmg mkabktmho lonbhbkyb
lonbhbkyb su`bf
b`b sonbc hbfmr. Zrovbhoksm butms `m `ukmb eokgbpbm 2:-4: cbsus por 2:.:::
bkbc btbu :,2?-:,4:%. Eokurut fbsmh pokohmtmbk ybkl `mhbcucbk Goktor air
@oso
@osobs
bsoo Gikt
Giktri
rihh bk`
bk` Zr
Zrov
ovok
oktm
tmik
ik (G@G
(G@G)) `m Beor
Beormc
mcbb Wo
Worm
rmcb
cbtt to
torn
rnb`
b`mm
pokmklcbtbk `brm tbfuk 4::4-4::6 ybmtu sodosbr <6%, tbfuk
tb fuk 4::1-4::6 ybmtu
sodosbr 47% `bk duhbk Ebrot 4:27 tornb`m pokmklcbtbk eoknb`m ?:%. Nuehbf
pokybk`bkl butms `m Mk`ikosmb eokgbpbm 2?:.:::-4::.:::
2?:.:::-4::.::: bkbc `bk nuehbf
pokybk`bkl butms hbcm-hbcm hodmf dbkybc oepbt cbhm hodmf dosbr `brm pb`b bkbc
poroepubk (Cusuebybktm, 4:22).
4:22).
Wbepbm sbbt mkm pokyodbd butms dohue `mcotbfum sogbrb pbstm. Dor`bsbrcbk
pokohmtmbk, `mporcmrbcbk pokyodbd eukguhkyb lonbhb butms b`bhbf dbfbk
eotbdihmt sodblbm fbsmh prisos eotbdihmseo (bsbe irlbkmc) eorupbcbk dbfbk
ybkl `bpbt eokllbkllu auklsm itbc `bk cob`bbk torsodut dmbsbkyb `m`bfuhum
`oklbk lbkllubk pokgorkbbk. Zokohmtmbk ybkl `mhbcucbk Tbfoh, 4:26 tor`bpbt
cb
cbk`
k`uk
uklb
lbk
k po
popt
ptm`
m`bb yb
ybkl
kl tm`b
tm`bc
c ki
kire
rebh
bh `b
`bhb
hbe
e ur
urmk
mkoo po
pok`
k`or
ormt
mtbb bu
butm
tmse
seo.
o.
Wodblmbk dosbr `brm poptm`b ybkl torcbk`ukl `bhbe urmko torsodut tordoktuc
cbrokbb pok`ormtb
cbrok pok`ormtb eokliksuesm
eokliksuesm lhutok btbu cbsomk, btbu co`ubkyb. Dblmbk
ybkl tm`bc `bpbt torpmsbf `brm poptm`b, ybkl `msodut dotb-gbsieirpfmk `bk
lhmb`mkieirpfmk, b`bhbf zbt ybkl emrmp `oklbk ipmim`. ^bt mkm eoemhmcm oaoc
sbeb soportm forimk btbu eiramk `bk bcbk eokmeduhcbk lonbhb sbeb soportm
pogbk`u forimk
Zokohmtmbk eokurut Wiamb, 4:2< Ebcbkbk bkbc butms pb`b ueuekyb sbeb
`oklbk
`oklbk ebcbkb
ebcbkbk
k uktuc
uktuc bkbc
bkbc kirebh
kirebh hbm
hbmkky
kkyb,
b, ybmtu
ybmtu fbrus
fbrus eoeoku
eoeokufm
fm lmzm
lmzm
some
somedb
dbkl
kl `b
`bk
k totb
totbp
p fb
fbru
russ eoep
eoepor
orfbt
fbtmc
mcbk
bk bspoc
bspoc po
poem
emhm
hmfb
fbk
k ebcb
ebcbkb
kbk.
k.
Ciksuesm lhutok `bk cbsomk porhu `mfmk`brm cbrokb pok`ormtb butms ueuekyb
tm`
tm`bc tbf
tbfbk torf
torfb`
b`bp
bp lhu
lhutok
tok `bk
`bk cb
cbso
somk
mk.. Lhu
Lhuto
tok
k `bk cbso
cbsomk
mk `b
`bp
pbt
eoepoklbrufm smstoe susukbk sybrba pusbt, `bpbt eokmeduhcbk `mbro, `bk

2
 `bpbt
`bpbt eokmkl
eokmklcbt
cbtcbk
cbk fmporbc
fmporbctmv
tmvmtbs
mtbs ybkl
ybkl dorpok
dorpoklbr
lbruf
uf pb`b
pb`b tmklcb
tmklcbf
f hbcu
hbcu
eorocb.
Zormhbcu butms b`b 4 nokms ybmtu pormhbcu ybkl ocsosma (dorhodmfbk) `bk
pormhbcu `oamgmt (dorcocurbklbk). Zormhbcu ocosma b`bhbf pormhbcu ybkl
fmporbctma `bk tbktrue (eoklbeuc) soportm eoknormt, eoklopbc, eokllmlmt,

eokgbcbr, eoeucuh `bk torebsuc nulb eokybcmtm `mrm sok`mrm (soha bduso).
Zormhb
Zormhbcu
cu `oamsmt
`oamsmt b`bhbf
b`bhbf pormhbc
pormhbcu
u ybkl
ybkl eokmed
eokmeduhc
uhcbk
bk lbkllu
lbkllubk
bk dmgbrb
dmgbrb btbu
btbu
curbkl
curbklkyb
kyb pormhb
pormhbcu
cu sismbh
sismbh soportm
soportm tortbw
tortbwbb btbu eokbkl
eokbklms
ms tbkpb
tbkpb sodbd
sodbd btbu
eohbeuk (Zrbtmwm, 4:2=)
Eokurut Ebsfbdm `bk Pbnu`mk (4:2=), sogbrb so`orfbkb ebsbhbf ybkl
sormkl tor`bpbt pb`b pokybk`bkl butms b`bhbf sodblbm dormcut ybmtu curbklkyb
coebepubk
coebepubk uktuc
uktuc dorcieukm
dorcieukmcbsm
cbsm soportm dordmgbrb `bk dordbfbsb,
dordbfbsb, tornb`m
tornb`m
co
cotm
tm`b
`bck
ckir
ireb
ebhb
hbk
k `b
`bhb
hbe
e fb
fbhh eoko
eokorm
rmeb
eb rbkls
rbklsbk
bklb
lbk
k eohbh
eohbhum
um pb
pbkg
kgbb mk
mk`r
`rbb
(pok`oklbrbk, poklohmfbtbk, porbdbbk `bk hbmk-hbmk), ebsbhbf lorbc/ eitirmc,

cohoebfbk cilkmtma, pormhbcu ybkl tm`bc dmbsb, ebsbhbf amsmc. Nmcb bkbc butms
torhbedbt
torhbedbt btbu tm`bc eok`bpbt
eok`bpbt mktorvoksm fmkllb `owbsb ebcb lonbhb butmseo
butmseo
dmsb soebcmk pbrbf dbfcbk tm`bc tortbklluhbklm. Wbhbf sbtu nokms torbpm bkbc
butms b`bhbf eohbhum ebcbkbk btbu `msodut torbpm `mot. Zbrb bfhm sopbcbt dbfwb
bkbc butms eohbcucbk `mot dodbs cbsomk `bk lhutok btbu Gbsomk Aroo Lhutok
Aroo. Cbrokb sohbmk `mybcmkm `bpbt eoepordbmcm lbkllubk pokgorkbbk `mot, mkm
nulb dmsb eoklurbklm lonbhb `bk tmklcbf hbcu bkbc butms (Wiamb, 4:2<).

2.4 Punubk
Punubk

2.4.2 Punubk _eue

Punu
Punubk
bk poku
pokuhm
hmsb
sbk
k so
sogb
gbrb
rb ueue
ueue b`
b`bh
bhbf
bf bl
blbr
br ebfb
ebfbsm
smsw
swbb `b
`bpb
pbtt
eoebfbem gbrb pokbklbkbk Bsufbk Coporbwbtbk pb`b Bkbc `oklbk
Butmseo
2.4.4
.4.4 Punub
unubk
k Cf
Cfus
usu
us
2. Eb
Ebfb
fbsm
smsw
swbb `bpb
`bpbtt eoeb
eoebfb
fbem
em eokl
eoklok
okbm
bm `o
`oam
amkm
kmsm
sm,, ot
otmi
mihi
hilm
lm,,
ebkmaostbsm chmkmc, pbtiamsmihilm `bk pokbtbhbcsbkbbk pb`b Bkbc
Butmseo
4. Ebfbsms
Ebfbsmswb
wb `bpbt eoebfbem
eoebfbem bsufbk coporbwbtbk (Zoklcbnmbk,
(Zoklcbnmbk,

@mblkisb Coporbwbtbk,
@mblkisb Coporbwbtbk, Mktorvoksm,
Mktorvoksm, Mephoeoktbsm
Mephoeoktbsm `bk Ovbhubsm)
Ovbhubsm)
pb`b bkbc Butmseo.

4
 DBD MM
PMKNB_BK POITMPMW

4.2 Ciksop Zokybcmt

Zokybcmt Butmseo
Butmseo pb`b Bkbc
Bkbc
b. @oamkmsm But
Butmseo

Butmseo dorbsbh `brm cbtb buti ybkl dorbrtm sok`mrm. Zokybk`bkl

bu
butm
tmse
se sobcb
sobcbk-
k-bc
bcbk
bk fm`u
fm`up
p `m `u`ukm
kmbk
bkyb
yb sok`m
sok`mrm.
rm. Mstmh
Mstmhbf
bf bu
butm
tmse
se db
dbru
ru
`mporcokbhc
`mporcokbhcbk
bk sonbc tbfuk 2=07 ihof Hoi Cbkkor, socbhmpuk cohbmkbk mkm
su`bf b`b sonbc dorbdb`-bdb` hbepbu (Fbk`ini,4:27). Cbrtiki (4:2:)
dorpok`bpbt dbfwb butmseo b`bhbf lonbhb eokutup `mrm sogbrb titbh,`bk
tm`bc ebu dorfuduklbk hblm `oklbk `ukmb
`ukmb hubr/ bsmc `oklbk pmcmrbk `bk
abktbsmkyb sok`mrm.
Wuembtm
Wuembtm (4:21)
(4:21) eokyodutcb
eokyodutcbk
k dbfwb
dbfwb pokybk`bk
pokybk`bkl
l butms eoemhmcm
eoemhmcm
gmrrm-gmrm pok`ormtb sokbkl eokyok`mrm `bk dorsmcbp `mklmk sonbc cogmh btbu

dbym, emsbhkyb `oklbk tm`bc eorospik `mrm (torsokyue `bk sodblbmkyb)

dmhb `m dorm ebcbk `bk sodblbmkyb sortb soportm tm`bc eokbruf porfbtmbk
torfb`bp
torfb`bp hmkluklbk
hmkluklbk socmtbrky
socmtbrkyb,tm`b
b,tm`bc
c ebu btbu sbklbt
sbklbt so`mcmt drdmgbrb
drdmgbrb
fbkyb ebu eoklbtbcb
eoklbtbcbk
k yb btbu tm`bc btupuk ugbpbk-ugbpbk ybkl tm`bc
nohbs, hbhu tm`bc sucb `oklbk stmeuhus pok`oklbrbk (giktif eok`oklbr
subrb irbkl tubkyb puk eokbklms), totbpm sokbkl eohbcucbk stmeuhus `mrm,
giktif
giktif `oklbk
`oklbk eoeucu
eoeucuhh eucuhm
eucuhm copbhb/
copbhb/ lorbcb
lorbcbk-l
k-lorb
orbcbk
cbk bkof
bkof hbm
hbmk,
k,
cb`bkl lbepbkl eoebkmpuhbsm cbk idyoc,kbeuk suhmt eokbklcbp.
Butm
Butmse
seoo b`
b`bh
bhbf
bf lb
lbkl
kllu
lubk
bk yb
ybkl
kl pb
pbrbf
rbf pb
pb`b
`b ci
cieu
eukm
kmcb
cbsm
sm yb
ybkl
kl

dorcopbknbklbk `bk tbepbc pb`b usmb tmlb tbfuk portbeb,

Cotm
Co tm`b
`bce
cebe
bepu
pubk
bk do
dorc
rcie
ieuk
ukcb
cbsm
sm mk
mkmm `m
`m`u
`ulb
lb eokl
eoklbc
bcmd
mdbtc
btcbk
bk bk
bkbc
bc
pokybk`bkl butmseo eokyok`mrm `bk tm`bc rospik `oklbk irbkl hbmk
(Wbrwmk`bf, 4:24). Eokurut Tbk`y, 4:21 butms b`bhbf lbkllubk ybkl
eohmdbtcbk
eohmdbtcbk colblbhbk
colblbhbk uktuc
uktuc eokloedbkl
eokloedbklcbk
cbk fuduklbk
fuduklbk bktbr prmdb`m,
prmdb`m,
fbed
fbedbt
btbk
bk `bhb
`bhbe
e poed
poedmg
mgbr
brbb
bbk,
k, po
porc
rcoe
oedb
dbkl
klbk
bk db
dbfb
fbsb
sb,, ao
aoki
kieo
eokb
kb
rmtubhmstmc ebsb cbkbc-cbkbc `mkm b`bhbf pokbrmcbk `mrm `bk cofmhbklbk
ciktbc `oklbk robhmtbs btbu irbkl hbmk. Butmseo mkabktmho b`bhbf lbkllubk
cuhmtbtma
cuhmtbtma pb`b cieukmcbsm
cieukmcbsm vordbh `bk kik vordbh,
vordbh, bctmvmtbs
bctmvmtbs mebnmkbtma
mebnmkbtma `bk

mk
mkto
torb
rbcs
csmm si
sigm
gmbh
bh tmed
tmedbho
bho db
dbhm
hmc
c yb
ybkl
kl to
torn
rnb`
b`mm sodoh
sodohue
ue us
usmb
mb 7: du
duhb
hbk.
k.
Cosmepuhbkkyb dbfwb Butmseo b`bhbf subtu cik`msm eoklokbm sosoirbkl

7
 (bkb
(bkbc)
c) so
sonb
nbc
c hbfm
hbfmrr btbu
btbu dbhm
dbhmtb
tb,y
,ybk
bkl
l eoed
eoedub
ubtt `m
`mrm
rmky
kybb tm`b
tm`bc
c `b
`bpb
pbtt
eoedoktuc fuduklbk sismbh btbu cieukmcbsm ybkl tm`bc kirebh.
d. Otmihilm
Zokyodbd butmseo dohue dbkybc `mcotbfum `bk fbkyb tordbtbs pb`b
abctir psmcihilms sbnb. Potbpm socbrbkl mkm pokohmtmbk eoklokbm butmseo

soebcmk ebnu `bk eokuknuccbk dbfwb butmseo eoepukybm pokyodbd

kouridmihilmst ybkl sbklbt ciephocs. Lbkllubk kouridmihilmst mkm `bpbt
`msodbdcbk ihof mktorbcsm abctir lokotmc `bk hmklcuklbk soportm poklbruf
kolb
kolbtm
tmaa so
sohb
hbeb
eb ebsb
ebsb porc
porcoe
oedb
dbkl
klbk
bk it
itbc
bc.. Dbky
Dbkybc
bc ab
abct
ctir
ir yb
ybkl
kl
eokyodbdcbk poklbruf kolbtma sohbeb ebsb porcoedbklbk itbc, bktbrb
hbmk
hbmk,, po
poky
kybc
bcmt
mt mk
mkaoc
aocsm
sm yb
ybkl
kl eokl
eoklok
okbm
bm susu
susukb
kbk
k sbrba
sbrba pu
pusbt
sbt,, trbu
trbueb
eb,,
co
corb
rbgu
gukb
kbk
k hi
hilb
lbe
e do
dorb
rbtt `b
`bk
k zb
zbtt cm
cmem
embb hb
hbmk
mk db
dbmc
mc so
sohbe
hbebb ebsb
ebsb `b
`bhb
hbe
e
cbk`uklbk ebupuk sotohbf `mhbfmrcbk, lbkllubk meukihilms, lbkllubk
bdsirpsm pritomk tortoktu bcmdbt cohbmkbk `m usus (Wurmvmbkb, 4::?).

Eokurutt @owi,
Eokuru @owi, 4::1
4::1 lbkllu
lbkllubkbk porcoe
porcoedbk
dbklbk
lbk butmse
butmseoo `bpbt
`bpbt
`msodbdcbk cbrokb dodorbpb fbh bktbrb hbmk>
2. Loko
Lokotm
tmc,
c, bd
bdki
kire
rebh
bhmt
mtbs
bs loko
lokotm
tmgg `b
`bpb
pbtt eoky
eokyod
odbd
bdcb
cbk
k bd
bdki
kire
rebh
bhmt
mtbs
bs
portuedufbk soh-soh sbrba `bk soh itbc
4. Corbguk
Corbgukbk
bk hilbe
hilbe soportm
soportm eorgury
eorgury ybkl dbkybc
dbkybc tor`bpbt
tor`bpbt `bhbe
`bhbe vbcsmk
meukms
meukmsbsm
bsm btbu pb`b
pb`b ebcbkb
ebcbkbk
k ybkl
ybkl `mcies
`mciesues
uesmm ybkl
ybkl so`bkl
so`bkl mdu
fbemh,
fbemh, emsbhk
emsbhkyb
yb mcbk
mcbk `oklbk
`oklbk cbk`uk
cbk`uklbk
lbk hilbe
hilbe dorbt
dorbt ybkl
ybkl tmkllm
tmkllm,,
sofmkllb pbrb pokohmtm eoeductmcbk dbfwb `m`bhbe tuduf bkbc btmseo
torcbk`ukl tmebf fmtbe `bk eorgury `bhbe cb`br ybkl rohbtmvo tmkllm.

7. Pornb`
Pornb`mm colblb
colblbhbk
hbk portuedu
portuedufbk
fbk itbc cbrokb
cbrokb kutrmsm
kutrmsm ybkl `mporhuc
`mporhucbk
bk
`bhbe portuedufbk itbc tm`bc `msorbp ihof tuduf, mkm tornb`m cbrokb
b`bkyb nbeur `bhbe hbedukl `bk nulb kutrmsm tm`bc torpokufm cbrokb
abgtir ocikiem.
0. Pornb`m
Pornb`m butimeuk
butimeuk pb`b
pb`b tuduf pok`ormtb
pok`ormtb ybkl
ybkl eorulmcbk
eorulmcbk porcoed
porcoedbklbk
bklbk
tudufkyb sok`mrm. Meuk b`bhbf cocodbhbk tuduf torfb`bp vmrus/dbctorm
pokybcmt, so`bklcbk butimeuk b`bhbf cocodbhbk ybkl `mcoedbklcbk
ihof
ihof tuduf
tuduf pok`or
pok`ormtb
mtb mtu sok`mr
sok`mrmm ybkl
ybkl nustru
nustru codbh
codbh torfb`b
torfb`bp
p zbt-zbt
zbt-zbt
poktmkl `bhbe tuduf `bk eoklfbkgurcbkkyb.
eoklfbkgurcbkkyb.

0
g. Ebkma
kmaost
stbs
bsmm Chm
Chmkm
kmss
2. Lbkllubk `bhbe cieukmcbsm vordbh ebupuk kikvordbh
Eohmputm coebepubk dordbfbsb `bk eoklbhbem cotorhbedbtbk btbu
sbebb socbh
sbe socbhmm tm`b
tm`bc
c `b
`bpb
pbtt dmgb
dmgbrb.
rb. Eokll
Eoklluk
ukbc
bcbk
bk cb
cbtb
tb-c
-cbtb
btb tbkpb
tbkpb
eokl
eoklf
fuduk
uduklc
lcbk
bkk
kyb `ok
`oklbk
lbk br
brtm
tm ybk
bkl
l hb
hbzm
zme
e `ml
mluk
ukbc
bcbk
bk..

Dorcieukmcbsm `oklbk eokllukbcbk dbfbsb tuduf `bk fbkyb `bpbt

dorcieukmcbsm `bhbe wbctu smklcbt. Cbtb-cbtbkyb tm`bc `bpbt
`meoklortm ihof irbkl hbmk. Pm`bc eoklortm btbu tm`bc eokllukbcbk
cbtb
cbtb-c
-cbt
btbb `bhb
`bhbe
e cikt
ciktoc
ocss ybkl
ybkl so
sosu
subm
bm.. Ocih
Ocihbh
bhmb
mb (eok
(eokmr
mru
u bt
btbu
bu
eoedoi), eokmru cbtb, cbhmebt btbu hblu tbkpb tbfu brtmkyb. Dmgbrb
eikitik soportm ridit.
4. Lbkllubk `bhbe dm`bkl mktorbcsm sigmbh
Eohmputm lbkllubk eokihbc btbu eoklfmk`br uktuc dortbtbp eucb.
Pm`bc eokihof dmhb `mpbkllmh, sofmkllb sormkl `m`ulb tuhm. Eorbsb

tm`bc sokbkl
tm`bc sokbkl btbu eokihb
eokihbc
c `mpohu
`mpohuc.
c. Dmhb
Dmhb eoklmk
eoklmklmk
lmkcbk
cbk sosubtu
sosubtu,,
eokbrm
eok brmc
c tbklbk
tbklbk irbkl
irbkl ybkl
ybkl tor`oc
tor`ocbt
bt `bk dorfbr
dorfbrbp
bp irbkl
irbkl torsodu
torsodutt
eohbcucbk
eohbcucbk sosubtu
sosubtu uktuckky
uktuckkyb.
b. Pm`bc dordblm cosokbklbk
cosokbklbk `oklbk
irbkl hbmk. Wbbt dorebmk dmhb `m`ocbtm ebhbf eoknbuf.
7. Lbkllubk `bhbe dorebmk
@mbk
@mbktb
tbrb
rbk
kyb dore
dorebm
bmk
k sb
sbkl
klbt
bt eik
ikit
iti
ik `bk bk
bkof
of,, emsbh
msbhk
kyb
eok`orotcbk sbduk eoknb`m sbtu `orotbk ybkl pbknbkl, eoeutbr dihb
pb`b eidmh `bk eoklbebtm `oklbk socsbeb `bhbe nbklcb wbctu
hbeb. B`b co`ocbtbk `oklbk dok`b tortoktu soportm cortbs, lbedbr,

cbrtu btbu luhmkl, torus `mpolbkl `mdbwb coebkb sbnb `mb porlm. Dmhb
sokbkl
sokbkl sbtu ebmkbk
ebmkbk tm`bc
tm`bc ebu ebmkbk
ebmkbk hbm
hbmkky
kkyb.
b. Pm`bc
Pm`bc eokyuc
eokyucbmbm
dikocb, lohbkl cbrot, dbtorbm btbu dok`b hbmkkyb. Pm`bc spiktbk,
roahbcs `bk tm`bc dormebnmkbsm `bhbe dorebmk. Pm`bc `bpbt eokmru
tmk`bcbk toebkkyb `bk tm`bc `bpbt eoeuhbm porebmkbk ybkl dorsmabt
purb-purb. Wormkl eoeporfbtmcbk nbrm-nbrmkyb sok`mrm, cmpbs bklmk
ybkl
ybkl dorput
dorputbr
br btbu
btbu bklmk
bklmk ybkl
ybkl dorlor
dorlorbc.
bc. Zormhb
Zormhbcu
cu ybkl
ybkl rmtubhms
rmtubhmstmc
tmc
sormkl
sormkl tornb`
tornb`m,
m, suhmt
suhmt eoklud
eokludbf
bf rutmkm
rutmkmtbs
tbs sofbrm-
sofbrm-fbr
fbrm,
m, emsbhk
emsbhkyb
yb dmhb
dmhb
dorebmk fbrus eohbcucbk urut-urutbk tortoktu, dmhb doporlmbk fbrus

eohbhum ruto ybkl sbeb.

?
0. Lbkllubk pormhbcu
@mhmfbt `brm lonbhb sormkl `mbkllbp sodblm bkbc ybkl sokbkl corbpmbk
fbrus
fbrus eokoep
eokoepbtc
btcbk
bk dbrbkl
dbrbkl tortok
tortoktu
tu pb`b
pb`b toepbt
toepbtkyb
kyb.. Bkbc
Bkbc `bpbt
`bpbt
torhm
torhmfb
fbtt fmpo
fmporbc
rbctm
tmaa emsbh
emsbhky
kybb dm
dmhb
hb ebsu
ebsuc
c `b
`bhb
hbe
e ru
rueb
ebf
f yb
ybkl
kl db
dbru
ru
portbeb cbhm mb `btbklm, mb bcbk eoeducb soeub pmktu, dornbhbk

cosbkb coebrm `bk dorhbrm-hbrm toktu brbf. Eokluhbkl subtu lorbcbk

tortoktu (eokllorbccbk tbklbkkyb soportm durukl tordbkl). Mb nulb
sormkl eokybcmtm
eokybcmtm `mrmkyb
`mrmkyb sok`mrm
sok`mrm soportm eoeucuh
eoeucuh copbhb
copbhb `m `mk`mkl.
`mk`mkl.
@bpbt eoknb`m sbklbt fmporbctma btbu sbklbt pbsma (pok`mbe), `u`uc
`mbe doklikl `okblk tbtbp ebtb cisikl. Ebrbf tbkpb bhbsbk ybkl
ebsuc bcbh. Bebt sbklbt eokbruf porfbtmbk pb`b sbtu dok`b, m`o,
bctmam
bctmamtbs
tbs btbupu
btbupuk
k irbkl.
irbkl. Pm`bc
Pm`bc `bpbt
`bpbt eokukn
eokuknuc
uccbk
cbk bcbh
bcbh sofbtk
sofbtkyb.
yb.
@bpbt sbklbt blrosma co irbkl hbmk btbu `mrmkyb sok`mrm. Lbkllubk
cilkmtma tm`ur, lbkllubk ebcbk `bk lbkllubk pormhbcu hbmkkyb.

?. Lbkllubk porbsbbk `bk oeism

@bpbt `mhmfbt `brm pormhbcu tortbwb-tbwb sok`mrm, eokbklms btbu ebrbf
tbkpb sodbd kybtb. Wormkl eoklbeuc tbc torcok`bhm (toepor tbktrue),
torutbeb dmhb tm`bc eok`bpbtcbk sosubtu ybkl `mmklmkcbkkyb, dbfcbk
dmsb eoknb`m blrosma `bk eorusbc. Pm`bc `bpt dordblm porbsbbk
(oepbtm) `oklbk bkbc hbmk.
1. Lbkllubk `bhbe porsopsm soksirm
Eohmputm porbsbbk soksmtma torfb`bp gbfbyb (poklhmfbtb), pok`oklbrbk,
soktufbk, pokgmuebk `bk rbsb (hm`bf) `brm euhbm rmklbk sbepbm dorbt.

Eokllmlmt, eoknmhbt btbu eokgmue ebmkbk btbu dok`b bpb sbnb. Dmhb
eok`oklbr subrb corbs, eokutup tohmklb. Eokbklms sotmbp cbhm `mgugm
rbedut
rbedutkyb
kyb.. Eorbsbc
Eorbsbcbk
bk tm`bc
tm`bc ky
kybeb
bebk
k dmhb
dmhb `mdorm
`mdorm pbcbmb
pbcbmbk
k tortok
tortoktu.
tu.
Pm`b
Pm`bc
c eoky
eokyuc
ucbm
bm po
pohu
hucb
cbk,
k, dmhb
dmhb `m
`mlo
lok`
k`ik
ikl
l so
sormk
rmkl
l eori
eorisi
sitt bt
btbu
bu
eohopbscbk `mrm `brm pohucbk.
<. Mktoholoksm
@oklbk unm psmcihilm cikvoksmikbh torebsuc `bhbe rotbr`bsm sogbrb
au
aukl
klsmi
smikb
kbh.
h. Cogor
Cogor`b
`bsb
sbk
k sormk
sormkl
l `m
`muc
ucur
ur eohb
eohbhu
humm po
porc
rcoe
oedb
dbkl
klbk
bk
kikvordbh, cbrokb tor`bpbt lbkllubk dbfbsb. @m`bpbtcbk MR `mdbwbf

<: `brm <:% pok`ormtb, `bk `mdbwbf ?: `brm ?:%. Kbeuk socmtbr ?%
eoepukybm MR `mbtbs 2::. Bkbc butms suhmt eohbcucbk tulbs ybkl

1
 eohm
eohmdb
dbtc
tcbk
bk po
poem
emcm
cmrbk
rbk sm
smed
edih
ihms
ms bt
btbu
bu oepb
oepbtm
tm.. Kbeu
Kbeuk
k b`
b`bb yb
ybkl
kl
eoepukybm coebepubk ybkl eokiknih `m subtu dm`bkl, emsbhkyb
ebtoebtmcb btbu coebepubk eoeirm.
6. Pbk`b `bk Lonbhb eokurut _smb
2. _smb
_smb :-1 duhbk
uhbk>>

b. Dbym
Dbym tbep
tbepbc
bc torhbhu
torhbhu tokbkl
tokbkl (nbrbkl
(nbrbkl eokbkl
eokbklms)
ms)
d. Porhbhu soksmtmvo, gopbt torlbkllu/torusmc
g. Pm`bc
Pm`bc `mto
`mtoeuc
eucbk
bk soky
sokyue
ue sigmbh
sigmbh `mbtbs
`mbtbs 2: emkllu
emkllu
`. Pm`b
Pm`bc
c b`b
b`b cikt
ciktbc
bc ebt
ebtbb `mbt
`mbtbs
bs ueur
ueur 7 duh
duhbk
bk
o. Zorcoe
Zorcoedbk
dbklbk
lbk eitirm
eitirmc
c cbsbr/f
cbsbr/fbhu
bhuss sormkl
sormkl tbep
tbepbc
bc kireb
kirebhh
4. _smb 1-24
1-24 duhb
duhbk>
k>
b. Dbym
Dbym tbep
tbepbc
bc torh
torhbh
bhu
u tok
tokbk
bkl
l
d. Porhbhu soksmtmvo
g. Wuhmt `m lok`ikl

`. Pm`b
Pm`bc
c `mto
`mtoeu
eucb
cbkk sokyu
sokyuee sism
sismbh
bh
o. Eokllm
Eokllmlmt
lmt tbkl
tbklbk
bk `bk
`bk db`bk
db`bk irbkl
irbkl hbmk
hbmk sogbr
sogbrbb dorhod
dorhodmfb
mfbk
k
7. _smb
_smb 2-4
2-4 tbfu
tbfuk>
k>
b. Cbc
bcu
u dmhb
dmhb `m lok`
lok`ik
ikl
l
d. Pm`bc ebu dorebmk porebmkbk so`orfbkb (gmhuc db,`b..
db,`b...`b)
.`b)
g. Pm`b
Pm`bc
c eokl
eokloh
ohub
ubrc
rcbk
bk cbtb
cbtb
`. Pm`b
Pm`bc
c tort
tortbr
brmc
mc pb`
pb`bb diko
dikocb
cb// ebmk
ebmkbk
bk
o. Por`bp
Por`bpbt
bt cotorhb
cotorhbedb
edbtbk
tbk `bhb
`bhbe
e porcoe
porcoedbk
dbklbk
lbk eiti
eitirmc
rmc cbsbr
cbsbr
`bk fbhus

0. _smb
_smb 4-7 tbf
tbfuk
uk>>
b. Pm`bc dmbs dmgbrb
d. Pm`bc tortbrmc uktuc dorsismbhmsbsm `oklbk irbkl hbmk (toebk
sodbyb)
g. Fmporbctma
`. Ciktbc
ktbc ebtb
btb cur
urbk
bkl
l
?. _smb
_smb 7-? tbf
tbfuk
uk>>
b. Wormkl `m`bpbtcbk ocihbhmb (eoedoi)
d. Eoklohubrcbk subrb ybkl bkof (kb`b tmkllm btbupuk `btbr)

g. Ebrbf dmhb rutmkmtbs

rutmkmtbs ybkl sofbrus dorudbf sortb eokybcmtm
eokybcmtm
`mrm sok`mrm (eoedoktur copbhb)

<
 `. Zbtiamsmihilm
Woh sbrba itbc (kourik) tor`mrm btbs db`bk soh `bk sorbdut uktuc
eoklbhmrcbk mepuhs hmstrmc (bcsik) sortb sorbdut uktuc eokormeb mepuhs
hmstrmc (`ok`rmt). Woh sbrba tor`bpbt `m hbpmsbk hubr itbc ybkl dorwbrkb
cohbdu (cirtocs). Bcsik `mduklcus sohbput dorkbeb emohmk, torhotbc `m

dblmbk itbc dorwbrkb putmf. Woh sbrba dorfuduklbk sbtu sbeb hbmk howbt
smkbps. Woh sbrba tordoktuc sbbt usmb cbk`uklbk tmlb sbepbm tunuf duhbk.
Zb`b
Zb`b trm
trmeo
eosto
storr co
cotm
tmlb
lb,, po
poed
edok
oktu
tucb
cbk
k soh sbrba
sbrba do
dorf
rfok
oktm
tm `b
`bk
k `m
`meu
euhbm
hbm
poedoktucbk bcsik, `ok`rmt, `bk smkbps ybkl dorhbknut sbepbm bkbc
dorusmb socmtbr `ub tbfuk. Wotohbf bkbc hbfmr, tornb`m prisos poklbturbk
portuedufbk itbc dorupb dortbedbf `bk dorcurbklkyb structur bcsik,
`ok`rmt, `bk smkbps. Zrisos mkm `mpoklbrufm sogbrb lokotmc eohbhum sonuehbf
zbt cmemb ybkl `mcokbh sodblbm drbmk lriwtf abgtirs `bk prisos dohbnbr
bkbc.

Ebcmk dbkybc smkbps tordoktuc, bkbc ebcmk gor`bs. Zoedoktucbk

bc
bcsi
sik,
k, `ok`
`ok`rm
rmt,
t, `bk
`bk sm
smkb
kbps
ps sb
sbkl
klbt
bt to
torl
rlbk
bktu
tukl
kl pb
pb`b
`b stme
stmeuh
uhbs
bsmm `b
`brm
rm
hmklc
hmklcukl
uklbk.
bk. Dblmbk
Dblmbk itbc
itbc ybkl
ybkl `mlukb
`mlukbcbk
cbk `bhbe
`bhbe dohbnb
dohbnbrr eokukn
eokuknucc
uccbk
bk
portbedbfbk bcsik, `ok`rmt, `bk smkbps. Wo`bklcbk dblmbk itbc ybkl tbc
`mlukbcbk eokuknuccbk coebtmbk soh, dorcurbklkyb bcsik, `ok`rmt, `bk
smkbps. Cohbmkbk lokotmc, corbgukbk hilbe dorbt, `bk kutrmsm ybkl tm`bc
b`ocubt `bpbt eokyodbdcbk tornb`mkyb lbkllubk pb`b prisos ‗ prisos
torsodu
torsodut.
t. Wofmkl
Wofmkllb
lb bcbk
bcbk eokyod
eokyodbdc
bdcbk
bk bdkire
bdkirebhm
bhmtbs
tbs portue
portueduf
dufbk
bk soh
sbrba.
sbrba. Zb`b
Zb`b poeormc
poeormcsbbk
sbbk `brbf
`brbf dbym-d
dbym-dbym
bym ybkl
ybkl dbru
dbru hbfmr,
hbfmr, `mcotb
`mcotbfum
fum

portuedufbk bdkirebh pb`b pok`ormtb butms `mpmgu ihof dorhodmfkyb

kouritripmk `bk kouripoptm`b itbc ybkl eorupbcbk zbt cmemb itbc ybkl
dortbkllukl nbwbd uktuc eoklbtur pokbedbfbk soh sbrba, emlrbsm,
`maoro
`maoroksm
ksmbsm,
bsm, portue
portueduf
dufbk,
bk, `bk porcoe
porcoedbk
dbklbk
lbk nbh
nbhmkb
mkbk
k soh sbrba.
sbrba. Drbmk
Drbmk
lriwtf abgtirs mkm poktmkl dblm portuedufbk itbc.
Zokmkl
Zokmklcbt
cbtbk
bk kouric
kouricmem
membb itbc
itbc sogbrb
sogbrb bdkire
bdkirebh
bh eokyod
eokyodbdc
bdcbk
bk
portuedufbk bdkirebh pb`b `borbf tortoktu. Zb`b lbkllubk butms tornb`m
cik`msm lriwtf wmtfiut lum`bkgo, `mebkb dblmbk-dblmbk itbc tueduf `bk
ebtm sogbrb tbc dorbturbk.
dorbturbk. Zortuedufbk
Zortuedufbk bdkirebh
bdkirebh dblmbk itbc tortoktu

eokocbk portuedufbk soh sbrba hbmk. Fbepmr soeub pokohmtm eohbpircbk

dorcurbklkyb soh Zurcmkyo (soh sbrba toepbt cohubr fbsmh poerisosbk

6
mk`orb `bk mepuhs sbrba) `m itbc cogmh pb`b butmseo. Dorcurbklkyb soh
Zurcmkyo
Zurcmkyo `m`ulb
`m`ulb eorbklsbkl
eorbklsbkl portueduf
portuedufbk
bk bcsik,
bcsik, `bk emohmk sofmkllb
tornb`m portuedufbk itbc sogbrb bdkirebh btbu sodbhmckyb, portuedufbk
bcsik sogbrb bdkirebh eoebtmcbk soh Zurcmkyo. ]bkl nohbs, pokmklcbtbk
drbmk `ormvo` kouritripfmg abgtir eokyodbdcbk coebtmbk soh Zurcmkyo.

Lbkllubk pb`b soh Zurcmkyo `bpbt tornb`m sogbrb prmeor btbu socuk`or.
Dmhb butmseo `msodbdcbk abctir lokotmc, lbkllubk soh Zurcmkyo eorupbcbk
lbkllu
lbkllubk
bk prmeor
prmeor ybkl
ybkl tornb`
tornb`mm sonbc
sonbc bwbh ebsb cofbem
cofbemhbk
hbk.. @oloko
@olokorbsm
rbsm
socuk`or tornb`m dmhb soh Zurcmkyo su`bf dorcoedbkl, coeu`mbk tornb`m
lbkllubk ybkl eokyodbdcbk corusbcbk soh Zurcmkyo. Corusbcbk tornb`m
nmcb `bhbe ebsb cofbemhbk mdu emkue bhcifih dorhodmfbk
dorhodmfbk btbu idbt soportm
tfbhm`iem`o.
Zokohm
Zokohmtmbk
tmbk `oklbk
`oklbk ETM eokuk
eokuknuc
nuccbk
cbk,, itbc
itbc cogmh
cogmh bkbc
bkbc kirebh
kirebh
eoklbhbem bctmvbsm sohbeb eohbcucbk lorbcbk eitirmc, dohbnbr soksirm-

eitir, btoksm, prisos eoklmklbt, sortb colmbtbk dbfbsb. Lbkllubk pb`b

itbc cogmh eokyodbdcbk robcsm btoksm hodmf hbedbt, cosuhmtbk eoeprisos
porsopsm btbu eoedo`bcbk tbrlot, ivorsohoctmvmtbs, `bk colblbhbk
eoklocsphirbsm hmklcuklbk. Zoedosbrbk itbc sogbrb bdkirebh nulb tornb`m
pb`b itbc dosbr dblmbk `opbk ybkl `mcokbh
`mcokbh sodblbm hidus ariktbhms.
Abctirr hmklcuklbk
Abcti hmklcuklbk ybkl eokoktucbk
eokoktucbk porcoedbklbk
porcoedbklbk itbc bktbrb
hbmk cogucupbk icsmlok, pritomk, okorlm, sortb zbt lmzm emcri soportm zbt
dosm, sokl, yi`mue, fireik tmrim`, bsbe hoebc osoksmbh, sortb bsbe aihbt.
B`bpuk fbh ybkl eorusbc btbu eokllbkllu porcoedbklbk itbc bktbrb

hbmk
hbmk bhc
bhcifi
ifih,
h, corbgu
corbgukbk
kbk tmebf
tmebf fmtbe,
fmtbe, bhuemk
bhuemkmue
mue sortb
sortb eotmhe
eotmheorc
orcurm
urm,,
mkaocsm ybkl `m`ormtb mdu pb`b ebsb cofbemhbk `bk rb`mbsm.

=
 ZBPF\B]

Zbrtus Hbeb Lokoc Corbgukbk Hilbe

Lbkllubk kutrmsm `bk ;;; koutripmk `bk

icsmlokmsbsm kouripbp`b

Bdkirebhmtbs Lbkllubk pb`b Corusbcbk pb`b soh

portuedufbk soh sbrba itbc purcmkyo `bk fmppigbepus

Zokmklcbtbk kouricmemb Lbkllubk cosomedbklbk

sogbrb bdkirebh soritikmk `bk `ipbemk

Zortuedufbk tbkpb Lbkllubk pb`b itbc cogmh

dmedmklbk

B_PMW Tobcsm btoksm hodmf hbedbt

Cieukmcbst Lbkllubk Zorudbfbk Mk`mvm`u Busc

orfbedbt kourihilms Kourihilms

Cotorhbedbtbk Zorsopsm torfb`bp Cubhmtbs fuduklbk Tosmci

`bhbe dordbfbsb m`oktbs `mrm torlbkllu sismbh curbkl eokgo`orbm `mrm

Lbkllubk Cieukmcbsm Lbkllubk Lbkllubk Tosmci Euthbsm

Qordbh M`oktbs @mrm Mkorbcsm Wismbh @mrm

Wuedor > _tbemkmklsmf 4:2?, W@CM, 4:2<

2:
o. Zoeo
Zoeorm
rmcs
csbb
bbk
k Zoku
Zokukn
knbk
bkl
l
Butmseoo sodblbm
Butmse sodblbm spoctrue
spoctrue lbkllubk
lbkllubk ebcb lonbhb-lonbhb
lonbhb-lonbhbkyb
kyb `bpbt
eoknb`m ductm `brm dordblbm ciedmkbsm lbkllubk porcoedbklbk. Dmhb tos-
tos sogbrb dofbvmirbh ebupuk cieukmcbsm tm`bc `bpbt eok`otocsm b`bkyb

butm
butmse
seo,
o, ebcb
ebcb dodo
dodorb
rbpb
pb mkst
mkstru
rueo
eok
k sgrookmkl yb
ybkkl sb
sbbt
bt mk
mkmm to
tohb
hbf
f
dorcoedbkl `bpbt `mlukbcbk uktuc
uktuc eok`mblkisb butmseo>
2. Gfmh`fii`
Gfmh`fii` Butmse Tbtmkl Wgbho (GBTW)> scb
Butmse Tbtmkl scbhb
hb pormkl
pormklcbt
cbt butmse
butmseoo
ebsb cbkbc-cbkbc ybkl `mdubt ihof Ormg Wgfiphor `m bwbh tbfuk 2=<:
ybkl `m`bsbrcbk pb`b poklbebtbk pormhbcu. Bhbt eokllukbcbk scbhb
fmkllb 2? bkbc `movbhubsm dor`bsbrcbk fuduklbkkyb `oklbk irbkl,
pokllukbbk lorbcbk tuduf, b`bptbsm torfb`bp porudbfbk, coebepubk
eok`oklbr `bk cieukmcbsm vordbh
4. Pfoo Gfog
Pf Gfogch
chms
ms air
air Butm
Butmse
se mk Pi``
Pi``hors (GFBP)> do
hors doru
rupb
pb `b
`bat
atbr
br

poeormcsbbk butmseo pb`b ebsb dbhmtb ybkl `mlukbcbk uktuc

eok`otocsm bkbc dorueur 26 duhbk, `mcoedbklcbk ihof Wmeik Dbrik
Gifok `m bwbh tbfuk 2==:-bk.
7. Pfo Butmse Wgrookmkl Ruostmikbro > b`bhbf `batbr portbkybbk ybkl
tor`mrm `brm 0: scbhb mtoe ybkl `mlukbcbk pb`b bkbc `mb btbs usmb 0
tbfuk uktuc eoklovbhubsm coebepubk cieukmcbsm `bk sismbh eorocb
0. Pfo Wgrook
Wgrookmkl
mkl Post
Post air
air Butmse
Butmse mk Pwi-]obrs Ih`> to
Pwi-]obrs t os sgrookmkl
butmseo dblm bkbc usmb 4 tbfuk ybkl `mcoedbklcbk ihof \ok`y Wtiko
`m Qbk`or
Qbk`ordmh
dmhtt `m`bsbr
`m`bsbrcbk
cbk pb`b
pb`b 7 dm`bkl
dm`bkl coebep
coebepubk
ubk bkbc,
bkbc, ybmtu3
ybmtu3

dorebmk, memtbsm eitir `bk ciksoktrbsm.

a. Zok
Zokbtbh
btbhb
bcs
csbk
bkbb
bbk
k Eo`
Eo`ms
2. Zokbtbhbcsbkbbk eo`ms
Cmemb
Cmemb itbc
itbc ybkl
ybkl cb`brk
cb`brkyb
yb bdkire
bdkirebh
bh pb`b
pb`b pokybk
pokybk`bk
`bkl
l butms
butms b`bhbf
b`bhbf
soritikmk
soritikmk ?-Fy`rixyt
?-Fy`rixytryptb
ryptbemko
emko (?FP)
(?FP) ybmtu kouritrbkse
kouritrbksemttor
mttor btbu
poklfbktbr smklkbh co soh-soh sbrba. Wocmtbr 7:-?:% pokybk`bkl butms
eoepukybm cb`br soritikmk `bhbe `brbf. Cb`br kiropmkoarmk, `ipbemk,
`bk soritikmk
soritikmk ?-FP pb`b bkbc kirebh `bhbe cob`bbk stbdmh `bk sbhmkl
dorfuduklbk. Bcbk totbpm, tm`bc `oemcmbk pb`b pokybk`bkl butms.

Porbpmm ps
Porbp psmc
mcia
iabr
breb
ebci
cihi
hilm
lm tm`b
tm`bc
c eokl
eoklud
udbf
bf rmwb
rmwbyb
ybtt co
cob`
b`bb
bbk
k btbu
btbu
pornbhbkbk butms totbpm oaoctma eoklurbklm pormhbcu butmstmc soportm

22
 fmporbctmv
fmporbctmvmtbs,
mtbs, pokbrmcbk
pokbrmcbk `mrm, storoitmpmc
storoitmpmc,, eokybcmtm
eokybcmtm `mrm sok`mrm,
sok`mrm,
blrosmasmamtbs `bk lbkllubk tm`ur. Tmsporm`iko
Tmsporm`iko dmbs `mlukbcbk
`mlukbcbk sodblbm
bktblikms rosoptir `ipbemko @4 `bk soritik ?-FP uktuc eoklurbklm
blrosmamtbs, fmporbctmvmtbs, `bk tmklcbf hbcu ybkl eokybcmtm `mrm sok`mrm.
4. Zokbtbhbcsbkbbk Coporbwbtbk

b) Porbpm
Porbpm wmgbrb
wmgbrb ybmtu eoedbk
eoedbktu
tu bkbc eohbkgb
eohbkgbrcb
rcbk
k itit-itit
itit-itit euhut
euhut
sofmkllb eoedbktu bkbc dordmgbrb ybkl hodmf dbmc.
d) Porbpm icupbsm ybmtu uktuc eohbtmf eitirmc
eitirmc fbhus bkbc
g) Porbpm
Porbpm pormhb
pormhbcu
cu ybmtu
ybmtu bkbc butms
butms sormklcbh
sormklcbhmm eorbsb arustbs
arustbsm,
m, toebk-
toebk-
toebkk
toebkkyb
yb sormklc
sormklcbhm
bhm tm`bc
tm`bc eoebfb
eoebfbem
em eorocb
eorocb sofmkl
sofmkllb
lb eorocb
eorocb
eorbsb suhmt eoklocsprosmcbk
eoklocsprosmcbk codutufbkkyb.
codutufbkkyb. Eorocb dbkybc ybkl
fmporsoksmtma torfb`bp subrb, gbfbyb `bk soktufbk. Ebcb tbc forbk
eorocb sormkl eoklbeuc. Woirbkl torbpms pormhbcu torhbtmf uktuc
eokgbrmm hbtbr dohbcbkl `brm pormhb
eokgbr pormhbcu
cu kolbtmvo
kolbtmvo torsodut `bk eokgbrm
eokgbrm

sihusmkyb `oklbk
sihusmkyb `oklbk eorocieok`
eorocieok`bsmcbk
bsmcbk porudbfbk
porudbfbk hmklcuklbk
hmklcuklbk `bk
rutmk bkbc torsodut uktuc eoepordbmcm pormhbcukyb.

4.4 Ciksop
Ciksop Bsufbk
Bsufbk Coporbwb
Coporbwbtbk
tbk
b. Zokl
Zoklcb
cbnm
nmbk
bk
2) M`
M`ok
oktm
tmtb
tbss chmok
chmok
Eohmputm kbeb bkbc, nokms cohbemk, pok`m`mcbk, bhbebt, pocornbbk, sucu
dbklsb, tbkllbh, nbe ebsuc TW, kieir
kieir rolmstrbsm, `bk `mblkisms eo`ms.
4) Tm
Tmwb
wbyb
ybtt Cos
Cosof
ofbt
btbk
bk

- Tm
Tmwb
wbyb
ybtt Coso
Cosofb
fbtb
tbk
k Wocb
Wocbrb
rbkl
kl
Dmbs
Dmbsbk
bkyb
yb bkbc
bkbc butm
butmss `mco
`mcokb
kbhh `o
`okl
klbk
bk co
coeb
ebep
epub
ubk
k do
dord
rdbf
bfbs
bsb,
b,
cotorhbedbtbk btbu sbeb socbhm tm`bc `bpbt dmgbrb. Dorcieukmcbsm
`oklbk eokllukbcbk dbfbsb tuduf `bk fbkyb `bpbt dorcieukmcbsm
`bhbe
`bhbe wbctu
wbctu smklcb
smklcbt,
t, tm`bc
tm`bc sokbkl
sokbkl btbu
btbu eokihb
eokihbc
c `mpohu
`mpohuc.
c. Wbbt
Wbbt
dorebmk dmhb `m`ocbtm bcbk eoknbuf. B`b co`ocbtbk `oklbk dok`b
tortok
tortoktu
tu soportm
soportm cortbs
cortbs,, lbedbr
lbedbr,, cbrtu
cbrtu btbu lu
luhmk
hmkl,
l, torus
torus `mpolb
`mpolbkl
kl
`mdbwb coebkb sbnb `mb porlm. Dmhb sokbkl sbtu ebmkbk tm`bc ebu
ebmk
ebmkbk
bk hb
hbmk
mkky
kyb.
b. Wo
Wodb
dblb
lbmm bk
bkbc
bc yb
ybkl
kl so
sokb
kbkl
kl co
corb
rbpm
pmbk
bk fb
fbru
russ

eokoepbtcbk dbrbkl tortoktu pb`b toepbtkyb. Eokllmlmt, eoknmhbt

btbu eokgmue ebmkbk btbu dok`b bpb sbnb. Dmhb eok`oklbr subrb

24
 co
corbs
rbs,, eoku
eokutu
tup
p tohm
tohmkl
klb.
b. @m
@m`b
`bpb
pbtc
tcbk
bk MR `m
`mdb
dbwb
wbf
f <: `b
`brm
rm <:
<:%
%
pok`ormtb, `bk `mdbwbf ?: `brm ?:%. Kbeuk socmtbr ?% bkbc butmse
eoepukybm MR `mbtbs 2::.
- Tmwbyb
Tmwbybtt Cosof
Cosofbt
btbk
bk @bfuh
@bfuhu
u (cotmc
(cotmcb
b bkbc
bkbc `bhbe
`bhbe cbk`u
cbk`uklb
klbk)
k)
2. Cbnm bpbcbf sormkl torpbpbr zbt ticsmc, soportm tmedbh/ torpbpbr zbt

cmemb hbmkkyb.
4. Cbnm b`bkyb gm`orb itbc
- Tmwb
Tmwbyb
ybtt C
Cos
osof
ofbt
btbk
bk Cohu
Cohubr
brlb
lb
Pbkybcbk bpbcbf b`b bkllitb cohubrlb hbmk ybkl eok`ormtb pokybcmt
so
soru
rupb
pb// bu
butm
tmse
se `o
`okl
klbk
bk chmo
chmok
k `b
`bk
k bp
bpbc
bcbf
bf b`
b`bb rmwb
rmwbyb
ybtt po
poky
kybc
bcmt
mt
dbwbbk btbu coturukbk. Dmbsbkyb pb`b bkbc butmseo b`b rmwbybt
pokybcmt coturukbk.
- Tm
Tmwb
wbyb
ybtt Wtb
Wtbtu
tuss Zor
Zorco
coed
edbk
bklb
lbk
k Bkb
Bkbc.
c.
Cbnm b`bkyb porcoedbklbk cohbmkbk bkbc soportm >

2. Bkbc
Bkbc curb
curbklkl eorosp
eorospik
ik irbkl
irbkl hbm
hbmk.
k.
4. Bkbc suhmt
suhmt aicus
aicus pb`b
pb`b idnoc
idnoc `bk suhmt eoklok
eoklokbhm
bhm dblmbk
dblmbk tuduf.
tuduf.
7. Bkbc
Bkbc eoklbh
eoklbhbem
bem cosu
cosuhmt
hmtbk
bk `bhbe
`bhbe dohb
dohbnbr.
nbr.
0. Bkbc
Bkbc suhmt
suhmt eoklluk
eokllukbcb
bcbk
k ocsprosm
ocsprosm kik
kik vordb
vordbh.
h.
?. Coto
Cotord
rdbt
btbsb
bsbk
k cil
cilkm
kmtm
tma.
a.
7. Zoeo
Zoeorm
rmcs
csbb
bbk
k amsm
amsmc
c
Cbnm poeormcsbbk amsmc pb`b bkbc ybmtu >
- Bkbc tortbrmc pb`b soktufbk
s oktufbk (eokyoktuf/soktufbk).
- Dmbsbkyb tor`bpbt ocihbhmb.

- Wuhmt aicus pb`b idnoc soeuhb dmhb bkbc dorpbhmkl co idnoc hbmk.
- Bkbc tortbrmc pb`b subrb tbpm ducbk pb`b ebckb dok`b torsodut.
- Zoeormcsbbk
Zoeormcsbbk kourihilms
kourihilms rospiks
rospiks ybkl tm`bc sosubm torfb`bp stmeuhus,
roahocs eoklmsbp duruc, tm`bc ebepu eokbklms cotmcb hbpbr
0. Zoeormcsbbk Zsmcihilms
- Eokbrmc `mrm `bk tm`bc rospiksma torfb`bp irbkl tub
- Eoemhmcm smcbp eokihbc porudbfbk sogbrb ocstroe
- Cotormcbtbk ybkl tm`bc pb`b toepbtkyb `oklbk idnoc
- Zormhbcu eokstmeuhbsm `mrm

- Zihb tm`ur tm`bc torbtur

- Zorebmkbk storoitmp

27
 - Zormhbcu `ostructma torfb`bp `mrm sok`mrm `bk irbkl hbmk
- Pbktrue ybkl sormkl
- Zocb torfb`bp subrb-subrb ybkl hoedut ducbk pb`b subtu poedmgbrbbk
- Coebepubk dortutur cbtb eokuruk
- Eokihbc eoklciksuesm ebcbkbk ybkl tm`bc fbhus

d. @m
@mbl
blki
kisb
sb Copo
Coporb
rbwb
wbtb
tbk
k
2. Lbkllubk cieukmcbsm vordbh d.` lbkllubk kourieuscuhor (@.:22=)
4. Lbkllubk mktorbcsm sigmbh d.` fbedbtbk porcoedbklbk (@.:226)
7. Lbkllubk m`oktmtbs `mrm d.` lbkllubk kourihilms (@.::60)
0. Lbkllubk tuduf coedbkl d.` `oamsmoksm stmeuhus (@.:2:1)
?. Msihbsm sismbh d.` cotorhbedbtbk porcoedbklbk (@.:242)
1. @o
@oam
amsmt
smt po
porbw
rbwbtb
btbk
k `mrm
`mrm d.`
d.` co
cotm
tm`b
`bce
cebe
bepu
pubk
bk `b
`bhb
hbe
e eorbw
eorbwbt
bt `m
`mrm
rm
(@.:2:=)
<. Cotm`bcdor`bybbk d.` mktorbcsm mktorporsikbh ybkl curbkl (@.::=4)

6. Tosmci eutmhbsm `mrm d.` mk`mvm`u butmstmg (@.:20?)

g. Mkto
Mktorv
rvok
oksm
sm Copo
Coporb
rbwb
wbtbtbk
k
Mktorvoksm coporbwbtbk dorsuedor `brm Ducu W@CM ZZKM O`msm 2
`. Mephoe
Mephoeokt
oktbsm
bsm Copor
Coporbwb
bwbtbk
tbk
Mephoe
Mephoeokt
oktbsm
bsm b`bhbf
b`bhbf robhmsbs
robhmsbsmm `brm
`brm rokgbk
rokgbkbb mktorv
mktorvoks
oksmm uk
uktuc
tuc eokgbp
eokgbpbm
bm
tunubk
tunubk ybkl
ybkl sposmam
sposmamc
c (Kursbh
(Kursbhbe,
be, 4:2:).
4:2:). Mephoe
Mephoeokt
oktbsm
bsm `mdubt
`mdubt sotohbf
sotohbf
eoedubt
eoedubt mktorvoksm
mktorvoksm coporbwbtbk
coporbwbtbk `oklbk
`oklbk eohbcucbk
eohbcucbk tmk`bcbk
tmk`bcbk idsorvbsm
idsorvbsm
ebk`mrm, tmk`bcbk tourbpoutmc, `bk tmk`bcbk cihbdirbsm sosubm `oklbk ducu
W@CM.

Nokms ‗ nokms tmk`bcbk pb`b tbfbp pohbcsbkbbk b`bhbf >

2) Wogbrb ebk`mrm
ebk`mrm (mk`opok`okt)
(mk`opok`okt) b`bhbf tmk`bcbk
tmk`bcbk ybkl `mprbcbrsbm sok`mrm
sok`mrm
ihof porbwbt uktuc eoedbktu pbsmok `bhbe eoklbtbsm ebsbhbfkyb `bk
eokbkllbpm robcsm cbrokb b`bkyb strossir.
4) Cihbdirbsm (mktor`opok`okt)
(mktor`opok`okt) b`bhbf tmk`bcbk coporbwbtbk btbs `bsbr cornb
sbebb tme coporb
sbe coporbwbt
wbtbk
bk `oklbk
`oklbk tme cosofb
cosofbtbk
tbk hbmkky
hbmkkyb,
b, soport
soportmm `ictor
`ictor,,
amsmitorbpm, abrebsm `bk hbmk- hbmk.

20
o. Ovbh
Ovbhub
ubsm
sm Copo
Coporb
rbwb
wbtb
tbk
k
Ovbhubsm coporbwbtbk b`bhbf tmk`bcbk mktohoctubh uktuc eohoklcbpm prisos

coporbwbtbk ybkl eokbk`bcbk

coporbwbtbk eokbk`bcbk codorfbsmhbk
codorfbsmhbk `brm `mblkisms
`mblkisms coporbwbtbk
coporbwbtbk,,
rokgbk
rokgbkbb mktorv
mktorvoks
oksmm `bk mephoe
mephoeokt
oktbsmk
bsmkyb
yb (Kursbh
(Kursbhbe,
be, 4:2:).
4:2:). Ovbhub
Ovbhubsm
sm
`mdubt eoknb`m gbtbtbk porcoedbklbk ybmtu eoebcbm >
W > @btb Wudnoctma
I > @btb Idnoctma
B > Bkbhmsms ebsbhbf
Z > Zorokgbkbbk

2?
 DBD MMM
BW_FBK COZOTB\BPBK

7.2 Bsufbk
Bsufbk Coporb
Coporbwbtb
wbtbk
k pb`b Bkbc Butms
Butmseo
eo
b. Zokl
Zoklcb
cbnm
nmbk
bk
2) M`
M`ok
oktm
tmtb
tbss chmok
chmok
Kbeb > Bkbc. E
_eur > ? tbfuk
Nokms Cohbemk > Hbcm Hbcm
Blbeb > Mshbe
Wucu Dbklsb > Wuk`b

Lihiklbk @brbf >I

Pbkllbh Ebsuc TW > 2?-:2/4:4:
Pbkllbh Zoklcbnmbk > 2?-:2/4:4:
Ki. Eo`rog > ::240674:
@mblkisb Eo`ms > Bkoemb
Bhbebt > Citb Dbk`ukl
M`oktmtbs Zokbkllukl Nbwbd
Kbeb > Ky. T
_eur > 7?

Nokms Cohbemk > Zoroepubk

Zok`m`mcbk > WEB
Blbeb > Mshbe
Zocornbbk > \mrbswbstb
Bhbebt > Citb Dbk`ukl
Fudu
Fudukl
klbk
bk `okl
`oklbk
bk Chm
Chmok
ok > Mdu Cbk
Cbk`u
`ukl
kl pbs
pbsmo
mok
k
4) Tm
Tmwb
wbyb
ybtt Cos
Cosof
ofbt
btbk
bk
- Tm
Tmwb
wbyb
ybtt Coso
Cosofb
fbtb
tbk
k Wocb
Wocbrb
rbkl
kl
Cohubrlb
Cohubrlb eoklbtbcbk
eoklbtbcbk bkbc eoklbhbem
eoklbhbem cotorhbedbtb
cotorhbedbtbk
k dordbfbsb,
dordbfbsb,

sokbkl eokyok
sokbkl eokyok`mr
`mrm,
m, suhmt
suhmt dorcie
dorcieukm
ukmcbs
cbsmm `oklbk
`oklbk irbkl
irbkl hbmk,
hbmk, suhmt
suhmt
eokyusuk cbhmebt dmhb dordmgbrb, tm`bc b`b ciktbc ebtb sbbt `m tbkyb

21
 ihof
ihof irbklt
irbkltubk
ubkyb.
yb. Bkbc
Bkbc torcb`b
torcb`bkl
kl sormkl
sormkl eoklbe
eoklbeuc,
uc, eokbkl
eokbklms,
ms,
eorusbc
eorusbc dbrbkl `bk eoedokturcbk
eoedokturcbk copbhbkyb
copbhbkyb co toedic. Dmhb bsmc
`oklbk
`oklbk 2 dok`b bkbc tm`bc `bpbt
`bpbt eorospik irbkl
irbkl hbmk `bk tortbwb/
tortbwb/
eokbklms tbkpb bhbsbk.
- Tmwbybt
Tmwbybt Cosofb
Cosofbtbk
tbk @bfuhu
@bfuhu (cotmcb
(cotmcb bkbc
bkbc `bhbe
`bhbe cbk`u
cbk`uklbk
klbk))

Md
Mdu
u pbsm
pbsmok
ok eokl
eoklbt
btbc
bcbk
bk `bfu
`bfuhu
hu sb
sbbt
bt eokl
eoklbk
bk`u
`ukl
kl Bk.
Bk. E `m
`mkybtbcbk ihof `ictor torpbpbr ticsmk hilbe dorbt. Mdu eoklbtbcbk
sb
sbbt
bt fbem
fbemhh so
sorm
rmkl
kl eokl
eoklci
cies
esue
uesm
sm mc
mcbk
bk hb
hbut
ut yb
ybkl
kl `m
`mgu
gurm
rmlb
lbmm
eoklbk`ukl poklbwot eorcurm.
- Tmwb
Tmwbyb
ybtt C
Cos
osof
ofbt
btbk
bk Cohu
Cohubr
brlb
lb
Mdu eoklbtbcbk `m cohubrlb b`b turukbk eok`ormtb pokybcmt butms
- Tm
Tmwb
wbyb
ybtt Wtb
Wtbtu
tuss Zor
Zorco
coed
edbk
bklb
lbk
k Bkb
Bkbc.
c.
- Bkbc curbkl eorospik irbkl hbmk.
- Bkbc suhmt aicus pb`b idnoc `bk suhmt eoklokbhm dblmbk tuduf.

- Bkbc eoklbhbem cosuhmtbk `bhbe dohbnbr.

- Cotordbtbsbk cilkmtma.
?. Zoeo
Zoeorm
rmcs
csbb
bbk
k amsm
amsmc
c
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