SPECIALIZATION

ENGLISH
A REVIEWER FOR LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS

DIRECTIONS: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

4. Content-Based Instruction (CBI) is based on the common underlying principle that successful language learning occurs when
students are presented with target language material in a meaningful, contextualized form, with the primary focus on _____.
A. understanding the lessons
B. acquiring information and knowledge
C. making connections between what they learn at school and what they learn outside the school
D. making meaning from what they learn

6. Which of the following questions is best for activating students’ prior knowledge to feel that they somehow connected to the topic
“snakes” being studied?
A. What do you know about snakes? What snakes are common in your area?
B. What according to the selection are the types of snakes?
C. What did the writer suggest to the person who was bitten by snakes to do?
D. What is the importance of animals such as snakes in ecosystem?

7. If the students think about the knowledge of their own thoughts and the factors that influence their thinking, they are engaged in the
process of _____.
A. artistic thinking
B. metacognition
C. higher-order thinking
D. critical thinking

8. Mrs. Torres wants to find out her students’ schema about storm surge. On the board she writes the words “storm surge” and
encircles them. She, then, asks her students what they know about storm surge, and helps them cluster the information. What
technique does Mrs. Torres use?
A. demonstration
B. vocabulary building
C. semantic mapping
D. deductive reasoning

9. The underlined verbs in the following sentences are classified as _____.

The time is now.
The world became flesh.
We remain silent.

A. intransitive
B. reflexive
C. transitive
D. ascriptive

10. Which of the following is the true description of an auxiliary verb?

A. It is used to complete the verb phrase in certain constructions such as the emphatic, the negative, the passive,
or the perfect and progressive aspects.
B. It occurs before the main verb, and denotes modification of the basic meaning of the main verb.
C. It belongs to several classifications of verbs. It may take an impersonal it as a subject.
D. It is followed by noun or noun phrase functioning as its direct object.

11. What preferred tense is used for “stage directions and synopses?
A. present
B. past
C. future
D. present perfect

12. The word “just” in the sentence below indicates _____. “She has just eaten.”
A. an action that was true in the past and is still relevant to the present
B. a recently completed action
C. an action which was completed before another past action
D. an action continuing at a given point in time

13. All of the following contains verbal EXCEPT _____.

A. Satisfied, the producer began paying the artists.
B. Having recovered her voice, the soprano hit her top notes well.
 C. Your mom arrived after you had gone.
D. To see is to believe.

14. What type of mood is indicated in this sentence: “How did you come to know about that tragic event?”
A. indicative
B. subjunctive
C. imperative
D. directive

15. The sentence “The child cried when his toy car got broken” follows ____ pattern.
A. N InV
B. N LV Adj.
C. N TrV N
D. N InV Adv.

16. “Mario, my older brother, fathers their good looking and smart children.” The underlined word functions as _____.
A. a noun
B. a verb
C. an adjective
D. a possessive

17. Which of the following adjective phrases is syntactically correct?

A. the most unique
B. nearly unique
C. the very much unique
D. less unique

18. Which of the following is a gradable adjective?

A. absolute
B. clear
C. complete
D. impossible

19. Which sentence has ditransitive verb?

A. Those guys are highly intelligent group of engineers.
B. Those mean boys tried to throw a rock through our windows.
C. Nobody will believe a ruffian like you.
D. My mother gave me this cardigan for Christmas.

20. “When we arrived, they gave us badges.” Which of the following questions should be asked to find the direct object?
A. What did we do?
B. When did we arrive?
C. What did they give us?
D. Who gave us badges?

21. All of the following contain operator verbs EXCEPT ____.

A. My father approves your marriage proposal.
B. Will your father approve my marriage proposal?
C. My father won’t approve your marriage proposal.
D. Your father will approve my marriage proposal, won’t he?

22. Each person’s vocabulary is a continuum. On the one end of the continuum are words the person knows very well and for which he
has a full rich understanding of their various meanings. On the other end of the continuum are _____.
A. words he enjoys using regularly
B. new words that he has learned both the spelling and meaning for
C. words he doesn’t recognize
D. words he can recognize and figure out the meaning of based on context

23. Which of the following does NOT function as a pronoun?

A. I
B. we
C. you
D. my

24. The President himself promised to stop the war. The underlined word is ______ pronoun.
A. an interrogative
 B. an intensive
C. a reflexive
D. a reciprocal

25. The question “Is he coming?” has a _____ intonation.

A. falling
B. sustained
C. rising
D. melodic

26. Which of the following sentences does NOT observe correct subject-verb agreement?
A. The mayor as well as his brothers is going to prison.
B. Neither of the two traffic lights is working.
C. My assets were wiped out in the depression.
D. Neither the  plates  nor the serving  bowl  go  on that shelf.

27. The pronoun in this sentence “When she arrived, Suad was surprised to find her apartment door open” is _____.
A. cataphoric
B. anaphoric
C. deitic
D. coreferential

28. The underlined word in this sentence “We elected him chairman” functions as _____.
A. direct object
B. indirect object
C. objective complement
D. predicate nominative

29. Which of the following words is derived from a French word?

A. Armadillo
B. Geography
C. Poultry
D. Laser

30. The style of writing employed in this passage can be best described as _____.
A. standard English
B. formal English
C. jargon
D. dialect

The stars were shining, and the leaves rustled in the woods ever so mournful; and I heard an owl, away off, who-whooing
about somebody that was dead, and a whippowill and a dog crying about somebody that was going to die; and the wind was trying to
whisper something to me, and I couldn’t make out what it was, and so it made the cold shivers run over me. The Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn by Mark Twain

31. The author’s use of language in this passage helps to demonstrate the speaker’s ____
A. lack of intelligence
B. lack of education
C. good-heartedness
D. confusion

32. The author uses imagery in this section to illustrate Huck’s _____.
A. fear and loneliness
B. awareness of his environment
C. loss of his father
D. moral dilemma

33. When doing research on the life of an important figure, you would probably give more credence to a biography than you would to
an autobiography, due to memoirist’s _____.
A. verbosity
B. creativity
C. subjectivity
D. experiences

34. Which type of logical fallacy is demonstrated by this argument?

It is essential that we reject the proposed changes to the company’s insurance plan. If we don’t protest against these changes
now, we’ll soon end up with no health coverage at all.
A. slippery slope
 B. red herring
C. strawman
D. circular reasoning

35. Which of the following works of literature was originally written in Modern English?
A. The Decameron
B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
C. War and Peace
D. Paradise Lost

36. The line is an example of ____.

I. apostrophe
II. personification
III. hyperbole
IV. metonymy

A. II only
B. I and II only
C. I, II, and IV only
D. II and IV only

“They tell me you are wicked and I believe

them, for I have seen your painted women
under the gas lamps luring the farm boys.
-Chicago by Carl Sandburg

37. This poem is most likely influenced by which of the following?

A. Industrialization
B. Increased immigration
C. Western expansion
D. World War II patriotism

Hog Butcher for the World

Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat,
Player with Railroads and the Nation’s
Freight Handler;
Stormy, husky, brawling,
City of the Big Shoulders:
-Chicago by Carl Sandburg

38. The poetry of Walt Whitman is significant in the development of American literature primarily because he _____.
A. used the epic form to tell distinctly American tales
B. developed his own poetic form and style instead of adhering to the traditional poetic forms
C. commemorated in verse the lives of public leaders like Abraham Lincoln.
D. was heavily influenced by Emerson’s call for a new national poet.

39. The following words: edit from editor, and beg from beggar are formed through _____.
A. blending
B. back formation
C. derivation
D. clipping

40. Which of the following sentences should be revised in order to correct an error?
A. Sentence 1, to correct an error in comma use
B. Sentence 2, to correct an error in apostrophe use
C. Sentence 3, to correct an error in comma use
D. Sentence 4, to correct an error in agreement

(1) The themes of liberty and freedom are central to much of American literature, particularly the literature produced during the
American Renaissance. (2) As the issues of women’s rights and abolition came to the forefront of the American consciousness, writers
delved deep into an exploration of the meaning of freedom for the country and for individuals. (3) Three such writers from this time
period who focus on issues of freedom are Margaret Fuller, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Harriet Jacobs. (4) Each of these writers
develop an answer to the question posed by Stowe in Uncle Tom’s Cabin: “Liberty! – electric world! What is it?”

41. Which of the following English words is most commonly pronounced with the vowel sound /ə/ (i.e., schwa)?
A. where
B. who
 C. what
D. why

42. Why do most fathers prefer a son _____ a daughter for his first-born child?
A. to
B. than
C. from
D. over

43. I am going to sit and rest _______.

A. a little bit
B. a while
C. a little more
D. awhile

44. Which sentence has error in punctuation?

A. “You’re a great friend,” Jose said.
B. Judith, my best friend went to a concert last Friday.
C. I have a lot of work to do; as such, I left for work a few minutes early.
D. According to the radio, surface streets were the best alternative to the congested freeways.

45. Unprepared for such a strong rebuttal, _____.

A. the lawyer’s attempt at winning the case failed
B. the lawyer’s attempt failed to win the case
C. the lawyer failed to win the case
D. the lawyer failed in his attempt to win the case

46. ______ on the MTRCB to take action.

A. Whenever television is denounced by viewers for its violence, they call
B. Whenever television is denounced for its violence, viewers call
C. Whenever viewers denounce television for its violence, they call
D. Whenever a denunciation of television is voiced, they call

47. Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, has been called a “tragedy of the common man” because it _____.
A. depicts the fall from grace of an important person
B. fits Aristotle formal definition of tragedy
C. gives an ordinary salesman’s life weight and meaning
D. is written in a poetic and serious style

48. He holds the distinction of being the first Asian to receive the Nobel Prize for literature.
A. Wole Soyinka
B. Yasunari Kawabata
C. Po Chu-I
D. Rabindranath Tagore

49. Which outline correctly organizes and categorizes information pertaining to the work of William Shakespeare?
A. I. Plays
a. Tragedies
1. King Lear…
b. Histories
1. Richard III…
c. Comedies
1. Twelfth Night…
II. Poems

B. I. Plays
a. Tragedies
1. Hamlet…
b. Poems
1. My Mistress’ Eyes…
c. Comedies
1. All’s Well That Ends Well…
II. Histories

C. I. Plays
a. Tragedies
 1. Comedies
b. Histories
1. Henry V…
c. Poems
1. Not Marble Nor the Gilded Monuments…
II. The Tempest

D. I. Plays
a. Tragedies
1. Hamlet…
b. Histories
1. King Lear…
c. Comedies
1. Titus Adronicus…
II. Poems

50. The narrator of this passage is _____.

A. Victor C. the monster
B. Elizabeth D. the author

But how was I direct myself? I knew that I must travel in a southwesterly direction to reach my destination, but the sun was
only guide. I did not know the names of the towns that I was to pass through, nor could I ask information from a single human being;
but I did not despair. From you only could I hope for succor, although towards you I felt no sentiment but that of hatred. Unfeeling,
heartless creator! You had endowed me with perceptions and passions and then cast me abroad an object for the scorn and horror of
mankind. But on you only had I any claim for pity and redress, and from you I determined to seek that justice which I vainly attempted
to gain from any other being that wore the human form.
-Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley

51. “A part of its orb was at length hid, and I waved my brand; it sank, and with a loud scream I fired the straw, and heath, and bushes,
which I had collected.”-from the passage
Which of the following is a correct restatement of the above?
A. When my branding iron sank, I screamed and shot at the bushes.
B. When the moon set, I screamed and burned the cottage.
C. When I could not find the orb, I screamed and kicked at the straw and the bushes.
D. I waited until the sun set, then I screamed and set fire to the forest.

52. A Marxist interpretation of “Waiting for Godot” would probably focus on _____.
A. the poverty and despair of its working-class characters
B. the use of archetypes in the portrayals of the characters
C. the power imbalances in the relationships of the characters
D. the reliance of the two main characters on the eventual arrival of a “savior”

53. In paragraph 2, Mandy Ringer and Dr. Clevenger are mentioned in order to emphasize which point about
Sapphira and the Slave Girl?
A. A number of the characters in the novel are based on people Cather knew in her childhood.
B. The novel displays Cather’s mixed feelings about slavery.
C. Cather took four years to complete the novel because she carefully researched her characters.
D. One of Cather’s purposes in writing the novel was to paint a full portrait of life in rural Virginia in the years
before the Civil War.
E. The characters in the novel are portrayed in a positive light since Cather was a great admirer of the old South.

Sapphira and the Slave Girl was the last novel of Willa Cather’s illustrious literary career. Begun in the late summer of 1937
and finally completed in 1941, it is often regarded by critics as one of her most personal works. Although the story takes place in 1856,
well before her birth, she drew heavily on vivid childhood memories and tales handed down by older relatives to describe life in rural
northern Virginia in the middle of the 19th century. She even went on an extended journey to the area to give the story a further ring of
authenticity.

Of all Cather’s many novels, Sapphira and the Slave Girl is the one most concerned with providing an overall picture of day-to-
day life in a specific era. A number of the novel’s characters, it would seem, are included in the story only because they are
representative of the types of people to be found in 19 th-century rural Virginia; indeed, a few of them play no part whatsoever in the
unfolding of the plot. For instance, we are introduced to a poor white woman, Mandy Ringer, who is portrayed as intelligent and
content, despite the fact that she has no formal education and must toil constantly in the fields. And we meet Dr. Clevenger, a country
doctor who, with his patrician manners, evokes a strong image of the pre-Civil War South.

The title, however, accurately suggests that the novel is mainly about slavery. Cather’s attitude toward this institution may best
be summed up as somewhat ambiguous. On the one hand, she displays almost total indifference to the legal and political aspects of
slavery when she misidentifies certain crucial dates in its growth and development. Nor does she ever really offer a direct
condemnation, of slavery. Yet, on the other hand, the evil that was slavery gets through to us, albeit in typically subtle ways. Those
characters, like Mrs. Blake, who oppose the institution are portrayed in a sympathetic light. Furthermore, the suffering of the slaves
themselves and the pretty, nasty, often cruel, behavior of the slaveowners are painted in stark terms.

Although Sapphira and the Slave Girl was certainly not meant to be a political tract, the novel is sometimes considered to be a
denunciation of bygone days. Nothing could be further from the truth. In spite of her willingness to acknowledge that particular aspects
of the past were far from ideal, Willa Cather was, if anything, a bit of a romantic. Especially in the final years of her life, an increasing
note of anger about the emptiness of the present crept into her writings. Earlier generations, she concluded, had been the real heroes,
the real creators of all that was good in America.

54. In context, “a bit of a romantic” suggests that Willa Cather ____.

A. condemned the evils of slavery
B. favored the past over the present
C. disliked writing about life in the 1030s
D. denounced certain aspects of the 19th-century life
E. exaggerated the evils of earlier generations

55. The works of Charles Dickens, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Upton Sinclair _______.
A. examined 19th-century cultural values
B. broke with the literary traditions of the past
C. fought against the mistreatment of the working class
D. awakened readers to social wrongs

56. The writing style used by Salman Rushdie and Gabriel Garcia Marquez is most often referred to as _______.
A. Stream of Consciousness
B. Magical Realism
D. Minimalism
C. Social Realism

57. At the border of two countries there is a port where fishermen work. The fishermen do not speak the same language, so they
communicate using one that has been invented by them for the purpose of trade.
The scenario above most accurately describes which of the following types of language?
A. dialect
B. creole
C. Pidgin
d. Regionalism

58. He is known as the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who ruled as king of the gods and goddesses of Mt. Olympus
A. Hephaestus
B. Zeus
C. Poseidon
D. Hades

59. The Titanomachy was a ten-year series of battles fought in Thessaly, also known as the War of the Titans, Battle of the Titans,
Battle of the Gods, or just the Titan War. Zeus freed his brothers and sisters from their father, Cronus. This shows that the Greeks
value _____.
I. bravery
II. respect
III. persistence
IV. change

A. 1 and II only
B. II and III only
C. 1 and IV only
D. II and IV only

60. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, it was commonly described as a symbol of purity and grace, which could only be captured by
a virgin.
A. Troll
B. Dragon
C. Kappa
D. Unicorns

61. He was a fearless warrior &and king who one day saw the emptiness of his life and turned his back on it, becoming a wanderer
and sadhu. He refused to return to the world that is why he is often alluded to as having refused the responsibility.
A. King Minos
B. King Muchukunda
C. King Rama
D. Jason
62. The story of Cupid and Psyche depicts undying and devotion. What was Psyche’s mistake that according to Cupid was a betrayal?
A. Psyche got infatuated with Zues.
B. Psyche believed her sisters persuasion that her lover was an ugly beast and would kill her.
C. Psyche disobeyed her husband when she enlightened his face in the middle of the night.
D. Psyche left the house without her husband permission.

63. Anthropomorphism is the attribution of a human form, human characteristics, or human behaviour to nonhuman things, e.g. deities
in mythology and animals in children’s stories. What trait is this?
A. Anthropomorphic
B. Ethereal
C. God-like
D. Anthropocentrism

64. Philippine mythology and superstitions are very diverse. It includes a collection of tales and superstitions about magical creatures
and entities like _____
A. kapre, aswang, matruculan, duwende, tiyanak etc.
B. sirena, syokoy, etc.
C. cherubs, guardian angels, etc.
D. Malakas at Maganda, etc.

65. In Greek mythology, she was the most beautiful woman in the world. A daughter of the god Zeus*, she is best known for the part
she played in causing the Trojan War. Some scholars suggest that she was also a very ancient goddess associated with trees and
birds.
A. Penelope, queen of Ithaca
B. Persephone, queen of the underworld
C. Helen of Troy
D. Hera, queen of Olympus

66. When Paris abducted Helen to Troy, all the Greek princes were bound by the oath to help Menelaus recover Helen. Athena and
Hera who were not chosen by Paris sided with the Greeks who sent one thousand ships to Troy to. What does this indicate?
A. Serious decisions have serious consequences.
B. Paris was wrong in choosing Aphrodite as winner.
C. Hera and Athena harbored ill feelings.
D. Zeus ordered the goddesses to take side in the war.

67 He was the son of Zeus and Leto, twin brother of Artemis. He was the god of music, and he is often depicted playing a golden lyre.
He was also known as the Archer, far shooting with a silver bow; the god of healing, giving the science of medicine to man; the god of
light; and the god of truth.
A. Mars
B. Neptune
C. Jupiter
D. Apollo

68. Which of the following is the best description of traditional phonics instruction?
A. Students study lists of high-frequency words in order to increase reading speed and comprehension.
B. Students are taught individual letter sounds and the rules of combining the sounds together to make words
C. Students are immersed in written language, and is encourage to decode entire words using context clues.
D. Students analyze patterns of organization and syntax as a way of learning to recognize common structures.

69 A student is conducting a research project and has learned of a website that may have useful information. The domain extension for
the site is .org. Which of the following assumptions about the website is correct?
A. All of the information on the site is current.
B. The site has been evaluated for bias.
C. The site might belong to a nonprofit agency.
D. The author of the site is well respected in his or field.

70 In preparation for a writing unit on short stories, a teacher presents students with several examples of short stories and works with
them to identify defining characteristics of the genre. Which of the following best describes this instructional strategy?
A. conferencing
B. discipline-based inquiry
C. self-regulated strategy development
D. introduction-body-conclusion strategy

71 In a holistic evaluation of student essays, evaluations are made on the basis of the _____
 A. overall number and variety of errors made by each student
B. overall number of sentences, length and complexity demonstrated in each essay
C. overall ability of each student to communicate in a variety of discourse modes
D. overall quality of each student’s essay in relation to the topic

72. What literary theory or approach is shown in the following passage?

A. Feminist Criticism
B. Psychoanalytic Theory
C. Reader-Response Criticism
D. Romantic Theory

The difficulties involved in the governess’s effort to create a space for herself outside of patriarchal boundaries are
metaphorically represented in her struggle for the children. While she believes she is engaged in a battle with the ghosts for the
children’s souls, she is also, symbolically, involved in overcoming patriarchal definitions of womanhood. Rejecting the ineffectual role
played by Mrs. Grose, the respectable matron character, the governess attempts to define herself against the sexualized whose figure,
Miss Jessel, as she tries, to supplant the male-authority figure, Peter Quint. Neitherof these roles can help her in her struggle for a
subject position, however, as is made clear when the governess cannot replace Miss Jessel for Flora, or Quint for Miles.

73. What literary theory or approach is shown in the following passage?

A. Marxist Literary theory
B. Psychoanalytic Theory
C. Postmodern Literary Theory
D. Deconstruction

Not only James’s governess fit the classic profile of the female sexual hysteric, she also experiences the “hysterical fit”
observed by turn-of-the-century clinicians. That her first hallucination precipitates a “nervous explosion” of some intensity is clear from
her own account. Like that of the classic hysteric, her “mental activity...is split up, and only a part of it is conscious.” Her initial fantasy of
her handsome employer is conscious, but his transformation into a figure embodying her fear of sexuality is generated by deep-rooted
unconscious inhibitions.

74. What literary theory or approach is shown in the following passage?

A. Deconstruction
B. Psychoanalytic Theory
C. Reader-Response Criticism
D. Marxist Literary Theory

What is even more troublesome is disagreement among critics about just what standards are to be applied. Two “straight”
readers, seeing the ghosts as real and the story as an attempt to “turn the screws” of horror as thrillingly as possible, might flatly
disagree with each other about whether the literary experience of thrilling horror is good or bad for “us,” or for a given immature reader,
or for a former governess now incarcerated in a mental institution.
Because of all this variety, we have to ask our questions as if we were dealing not with one The Turn of the Screw but many
different ones.

75. If a teacher uses only basal readers for teachings her students to read, she is most likely believes in _____.
A. primarily a whole language approach
B. primarily a phonics approach
C. mixture of a whole language and phonics
D. Individualized reading instruction

76. A parent walks into a classroom and sees the children in groups, each gathered around a poster board. The children are writing
ideas on the poster board in what looks like graffiti (writing on walls) to the parent. When the parent asks the teacher what the children
are doing, the teacher is likely to explain that ___.
A. this is playtime, and the children need playtime because recess has been taken out of the program
B. the children are involved in brainstorming, which is part of the prewriting stage of the writing process
C. invented spelling and graffiti type expression is important to the child’s development
D. the children are creating final versions of posters to be displayed in the school fair.

77 Each of the following is an effective strategy for a teacher who is facilitating a whole-class discussion EXCEPT _____.
A. having the students sit in a circle instead of traditional rows
B. breaking the class into smaller discussion groups before concluding the whole-class discussion
C. pausing and allowing silence to promote student participation
D. ensuring that all questions require simple-sentence answers

78. Which of the following activities will best help a teacher collect data that will inform instruction to meet the individual needs of
students?
A. concentric circles
B. K-W-L chart
C. book pass
D. reciprocal teaching