Debre Markos University

College of Natural and Computational science

Department of Statistics

1. Classify the following sentences as belonging to the area of descriptive statistics or

inferential statistics.
a) As a result of recent cutbacks by oil-producing nations, we can expect the price of
gasoline to double in the next year.
b) At least 5% of all killings reported last year in city X were due to tourists.
c) Of all patients who received this particular type of drug at a clinic Y, 75% later

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developed significant side effect.

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d) Adane concludes that his chance of passing the first year this academic year is at

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least 80% based on the statistics that 75% of the freshmen passed last year.

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2. Classify each of the following first as qualitative or quantitative and second as nominal
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(categorical) ordinal interval or ratio measure.
a) Times for swimmers to complete a 50-meter race
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b) Months of the year Meskerm, Tikimit…

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c) Socioeconomic status of a family when classified as low, middle and upper classes.
d) Blood type of individuals, A, B, AB and O.
e) Pollen counts provided as numbers between 1 and 10 where 1 implies there is
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almost no pollen and 10 that it is rampant, but for which the values do not represent
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an actual counts of grains of pollen.

f) Regions numbers of Ethiopia (1, 2, 3 etc.)
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g) The number of students in a college;

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h) the net wages of a group of workers;

i) the height of the men in the same town;
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3. For each of the hypothetical research situations described identify the scale of measurement
and indicate whether the data are discrete or continuous.
a) Number of complaint letters received by a firm’s administrator

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 b) You measure the body lengths (in inches) of 10 full term infants as birth and record the
following:
17.5 19.5 17.5 19 20
21 18 18 19.5 10.75
c) Number of tomato’s on each plant in a field
d) Number of students taking ESLCE each year
e) Miles driven by city -bus drivers each day
f) Number of cartons of corn oil manufactured each day
g) Weights of newborn children at Black Lion hospital
h) Geologists have a “hardness scale” for identifying different rocks, called
Mohs’scale. The hardest rock (diamond) has a value of 10 and will scratch all

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others. The second hardest will scratch all but diamond, and so on, down to a rock

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such as talc, with a value of one, which can be scratched by any other rock

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i) The volumes of three different cubes are 40, 64, and65 cubic inches.
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j) Three different high ways are identified by their umbers:40,64,and 65
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k) Republicans, Democrats, Independents, and others are identified on the voters’ list
with numbers 1, 2, 3, &4
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l) The pages of a book are numbered from 1 through 150

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m) The winner of the Miss America was Miss California; runners-up were Miss Ohio
and Miss Pennsylvania
n) The prices on three items were $3.00, $10.00, and$12.00.
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o) She earned three degrees: B.SC., M.SC., and PhD.

4. Find the class boundaries class marks and class widths for the following intervals (classes).
a) 6-13 b) (-8)-(-1) c) 0.378 – 0.677 d) 68.99 – 88.97
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5. Which of the diagrams is most appropriate for each of the following data set? Draw the
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diagrams.
a) Students enrolled to a certain department from year 1 to 3
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No. of students
Year Male Female
1 50 20
2 45 15
3 40 10

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 b) Net profit (in million birr) earned by different companies in 1980

Company Net profit

A 20
B -15
C 30
6. Construct a frequency distribution of weights of miniature poodles if the class marks are
6.5, 8.5, 10.5, 12.5 and 14.5 kgs with corresponding frequencies 8, 12, 22, 17 and 3.
7. The investigator was interested in studying the martial status, which is often grouped as
Single(S), Married (M), Divorced (D), and Widowed (W) of people in a certain town. The
following data were obtained.
D S D D SW S D S S D D W M M S D D D W M S S W M D D M D WD S SW D D S D

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SMWMDSDWDMSSDWWSSSWSDMWSS

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a. to which scale of measurement do these data belongs?

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b. Summarize the data by constructing the appropriate frequency distribution

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c. Present the data using the appropriate Graph/Diagrams.
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8. Suppose data collected for heights (in cms) 0f 390 cows were tabulated in a frequency
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distribution and the following results were obtained.

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fi: 6 25 48 72 116 60 38 22 3

CM1 =112, CM2=117 where CMi ith class mark

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Determine:
a. the class interval size (class width)
b. the class limits
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c. class boundaries
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d. class marks
e. the less than cumulative frequency distribution
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f. the class intervals having the highest frequency

g. Above which height do we find 50% of the cows?

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 h. Below which height do we get 25% of the cows?
Draw
a. histogram
b. a frequency polygon
c. a less than ogive for the above data.

9. Following is a cumulative distribution table showing the number of packages and the
number of times a given number of packages was received by a post office in 60 days:
No. of packages below: 10 20 30 40 50 60
No. of times received in 60 days: 17 22 29 37 50 69
Obtain the frequency table from it. Also, present the data using Ogive curve.

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10. The following is the distribution of weights of 125 mineral specimen collected on the field

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trip.
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(Grams) Specimen
0.0-19.9 19
20.0-39.9 36
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40.0-59.9 35
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60.0-79.9 17
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80.0-99.9 11
100-119.9 3
120-139.9 2
123
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i) If possible, find the number of specimen, which weigh

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a) at most 40.0 gram b) 40.0 gram or more c) Less than 40.0 gram
d) at least 120.0 gram e) Exactly 20.0 gram
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ii) Draw an appropriate Diagram / Graph for the distribution.

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 11. Given below is raw data on ages of 40 employees of a certain organization. Construct a
frequency distribution including the class boundaries, class marks the relative frequencies,
the less than and more than cumulative frequencies using 8 classes.
62 58 53 27 30 31 26 34 49 47 48 41
50 61 40 47 41 43 50 45 43 32 37 31
35 38 29 65 58 43 44 41 37 27 62 65
36 42 63 50
12. The frequency distribution below shows the number of freshmen, sophomore, juniors, and
seniors who attended a workshop on job opportunities in the news media. Construct a Pie
Chart for the data.
Group Frequency

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Freshmen, 18

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Sophomore 12

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Juniors 6

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Seniors 4
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40

13. What are the objectives of studying averages?

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14. What do measures of central tendency represent? When is an average a typical average?
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15. If you have an open-end continuous series, which measures of central tendency do you
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recommend representing this series? Why?

16. If the arithmetic mean and the geometric mean of two observations are 6.5 and 6
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respectively, find the values of the observations.

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17. If we have frequency distribution which is almost, but not quite, symmetrical and whose
mean and mode are 27 and 29 respectively, what will be the appropriate value of the
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median?
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18. A person purchased the following quantities of cement (kg) with rates shown at 4 stores:
Store Quantity purchased (kg) Rate of purchase (kg/birr)
A 15 20
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B 20 16
C 25 12
D 40 10
Determine the average amount of cement the person purchased for one birr.

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 19. a) Determine the missing frequencies of the following distribution given that the median is
33.5 and the mode is 34.0.

Class limits II
0.9 4
10.19 16
20.29 f3
30-39 f4
40-49 f5
50.59 6
60.69 4
Total 230
b) Compute the arithmetic mean.

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c) Compute the value below which 25% of the observations lie.

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d) Compute the value above which 25% of the observations lie

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20. The following data on income in the form of cumulative frequency distribution is given:
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INCOME NO.OF PERSONS
100___200 15
100___300 33
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100___400 63
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100___500 83
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100___600 100
Find (a) construct a complete Grouped Frequency table
(b) Draw the appropriate graph
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(c) the mean

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(b) the median and all quartiles

(c) the 2nd and the 8th deciles
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(d) the 40th and the 90th percentiles

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21. In a frequency distribution, the coefficient of skewness based on the quartiles is given to be
0.4. If the sum of the upper and lower quartile is 100 and the median is 38, find the values
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of the upper and lower quartiles.

22. For a moderately skewed frequency distribution, the mean is 10 and the median 8.5. If the
coefficient of variation is 20%, find the Pearsonian coefficient of skewness and the
probable mode of the distribution.

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 23. Some characteristics of annually family income distribution (in Birr) in two regions is as
follows:

Region Mean Median Standard Deviation

A 6250 5100 960
B 6980 5500 940
a) Calculate coefficient of skewness for each region
b) For which region is, the income distribution more skewed. Give your interpretation for
this Region
c) For which region is the income more consistent?
24. A meteorologist interested in the consistency of temperatures in three cities during a given
week collected the following data. The temperatures for the five days of the week in the

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three cities were

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City 1: 25 24 23 26 17

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City2: 22 21 24 22 20
City3: 32 rs e
27 35 24 28
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Which city have the most consistent temperature, based on these data?
25. The sum of fifteen observations, whose mode is 8, was found to be 150 with coefficient of
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variation of 20%
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(a) Calculate the pearsonian coefficient of skewness and give appropriate conclusion
(b) Are smaller values more or less frequent than bigger values for this distribution?
(c) If a constant 4 was added on each observation, what will be the new pearsonian
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coefficient of skewness? Show your steps. What do you conclude from this?
26. In a moderately asymmetrical distribution, the mode minus the mean is 2.4 the coefficient
of variation and skewness are 20% and -0.5 respectively.
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i. Is the distribution positively or negatively skewed? Why?

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ii. Find
a) The mode b) the median
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c) The mean d) the standard deviation

27. If the standard deviation a symmetric distribution is 10, what should be the value of the
fourth moment in order the distribution to be?
a) Leptokurtic? b) Platykutic c) Mesokrtic

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 28. The average grade and standard deviation of Biol. 202 are 60 and 5 respectively. At least
what percentage of students scored between 40 and 80?
29. The number of patients in two hospitals A and B, the average wage of employees and the
variances of wages are given below:
Hospital A Hospital B
No. of employees 50 100
Mean wage 120 85
Variance 9 6
a) In which hospital is the variation in the distribution of wages greater?
b) Suppose the wage of an employee in hospital B was wrongly noted as 120 instead of
250. What will be the variance for hospital B?

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c) What information is required to identify the type and extent of skewness in each

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distribution?

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30. The median and the mode of a mesokurtic distribution are 32 and 34 respectively. The 4 th
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moment about the mean is 243. Compute the Peasonian coefficient of skewness and
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identify the type of skewness. Assume (n-1 = n).
31. a) Explain the meaning of dispersion
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b) What purpose does a measure of dispersion serve?

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c) Why are measures of central tendency not sufficient to study a frequency distribution?
d) Distinguish between absolute and relative measures of dispersion.
32. In a final exam in a Statistics course, the mean mark of a group of 150 students was 78 and
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the standard deviation is 8. In Mathematics exam of the same group, the mean was 73 and
the standard deviation was 7.6.
a) In which group was there a greater dispersion?
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b) Suppose a student scored 75 in Statistics and 71 in Mathematics. In which exam was

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his relative standing better?

c) Suppose Student “ A ” scored 80 in Statistics and 75 in Mathematics while student “
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B” scored 75 in Statistics and 80 in mathematics , whose performance is better A or

B?

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