oOUvVik | WAL GROUPS IN AN.CUTGANEC COMPOUND R i : ; “TION OF FUNG Ssaimpte No- es test ion test ofthe sample Jrobserved. sited on the tip of a inferences iC mayrpror 4 high diy urisat Om Soda lime heating: (1) Smell of aniline. ide. ure of the sample} (2) Smell of NHy or soda lime (NaOH + | repulsive odour of cy’ (Gif be amide. yy sas heated'in a test) compound. Hr »- water test: (1) The colour persisted. saturation absent. | Sainple solution (in \ (2) The colour eared | ( nsaturation present. { sino!) +a drop of, | without liber HBr. - water. 3) The gplourWigiBpeared | -NHz, -OH or -NHCOR may with ition HBr. ¢ | be present. | . Saturated | | NaHCO, sgt based on solution [7 Classification a | 1 4 picoé of metallic sodium was taken in 2 dry fusion tube, heated to melt, then added a pinch of wen sample and heated first slowly and then strongly for about “5° minutes, This fused mass was info about Iml ofidistitjed water in a morter. The broken glass was ground with a pestle 4. The fiftrate was used forthe following tests: Experiment Observation : 7 a j Tnjerence__| a3 fons i = ies ‘of | Green or blue colourai ‘ogen present | ef ‘eSO, solution prussion blue ppt. formed. | (c then acidified vith dil. SEGRE Reformed, Gontiemed | CGT| (2)2 drops of filtrate V7 a; sod, nitropruside solution {3) 3 drops of filtrate, acidified with 2 | drops of cone. HNOs, boiled forone Binuts, cooled +2 drops of ApNOs solution. {a) White ppt. formed HNO, (4) Iftest 3 is +ve, Filtrate acidified with cone. HCI + 6 drops of CCly + 8 drops of C light yellow. water, shaken, I= violet. G) Conclusion: - The given sample contains .... H) Detection of functional groups: If nitrogen is absent in'thé'given sample then write. element detection, the N- containing furetional groups =NO; (nitro), -CONH2 (2midd) must “Ty following tests. Solution turned purple which became soluble in dil. NH.OH but insoluble in (b) Pale yellow ppt. formed, (a) Organic layer turned (b) Organic layer turned £ Sulphur rconfirmed) Chlorine present | (confirmed) | | Bromine of iodine may be present. Bromine Peel ; in was found to be absent in (amino), CONHCeHs (anilido), Experiment Inference 1. Test for Nix: A pinch of the substance was dissolved in 4 drops of (1:1), HCI + 4 drops of aqueous, solution of NaNQp, cooled” |, and this diazotized solution | was then added dropwis 4 drops of alkaline p- naphthol solution, 3, | (a) [If -NH2 gr, was found to be absent in t8/t (1). Red dye formed. dil. HEb oiled for | min, | cooled:and,then performed diazo fet” 2. Diazo test after reduction: (in absence of amino and anilido) gr. A pinch of the sample + about 9 drops of conc. HCI +apiece ofmetallic Sn, boiled for a few i Red dye formed. \ cooled, decantet, diluted to, double of its vot. with “Nik group present. (confirmed) ,CONHPh anilide present. (confirmed) & -NO> grouip preggaty: (confindrops of aqueous solution of NaNO , cooled and then coupled with 5 drops of alkaline 8 naphthol as in (1) above. | 1 3. Mulliken -Barker test: (test for ~NO} in presence of -NIy. A pinch of the sample + Zn- dust + aq. NH,CI solution + | ml of alcohol, boiled for a few minutes,“in a water bath and then filtered hot to a test tube; containing ammoniacal silver nitrate solution (Tollen’s reagent). 4(a). Test for amide: Sample + conc. NaOH solution, heat. 5. Test for-COOH: ‘Aq, alcoholic solution of the sample was treated wit solid or saturated dol OT UES. oF Gi insoluble in watey) saul solution of NaH Os +s0h sample. iP of “ (a) bose) mn of = pay | | i coon: ; ‘Sample + CH3OH + few diSpiv/f conc. H2SC heated/n a water bath ari then poured into water in.a beaker. a 7. Test for phenolic -OH: ‘To the aqueous solutionjof the sample dilute neutral? solution of FeCl; was crop wise, ded ot Immediate blackening of the solution observed. (compare with a blank test) Smell of ammonia perceived. The evolve ES : ia Effervéscence of CO was bserved: A sweet smell of ester r smell of oil of wintergreen in case of jcylic acid) was - recived. i “The solution turned violet.or blue or green or transient blue or green colouration observed. f -NO; group present, 4 (confin oY (confirmed) -COOH, /-SOsH (iP *S' is Gevected) group present. Or | Nitrophenols may be | prasent. tr -COOH (carboxylic acid) group present and confirmed, Phenolic hydroxyl (POH) group present and confirmed, oe(a) Back dye test: A drop of aniline wais dissolved in about 5 drops of dil. HCI cooled and then diazotized with 5 drops of NaNO; solution and then added dropwise to NsOH solution of the given sample, 9. Test for -CO- (ketone/aldehyde) group: A pinch of the sample was just dissolved in 8-10 drops of alcohol + 10 drops of 2,4-DNP hydrazine (Brady's reagent), heated a water bath followed by , scratching.” (If positive perform the following test) ° (a) Alcoholic solution of the sample.+ Tollen's reagent (Ammoiiacal silver’): nitrate) heated ona water bath, (b) Alesholic solution ot the sample + Fehliig’s | solution ( fehling’s A-+ Fehilirig’s B), heated. 10. Test for inners (a) To the solution of sample in HO gel in water or Bry He solution is ss eg wise respectively, (b) To the solutipn of the | same i) aoa e, alkaline lution (1%) was, adedeeeinien 1. T&t tor -COOR: Alegholic solution of the sample + NHZOH.C! in, 1,0 + KOH solution fa fev drops) then warmed for 2- minutes, cooled, acidified «) with dil, HCland then.“ Pov added one dropof FeCl, Conclusion: . Red dye formed. fs Yellow, orange or red crystalline ppt; formed ition OF HEH The pink colojir of KMnOy was discharged. Solution turned violet, Phenolic -OH present (confirmed) -CHO present and confirmed. © -CHO group was present, Unsaturation present and ad as we Giemed,—.— Unsaturation on easily oxidisable group like -CHO may’be present, -COOR group present and confirmed. 5:T. Noten -7 NOCN Nacn + FeS0q > Nag LFe Gen), ed Feconies Fe* + Fea Ere cet) e) 5 Bue ¥ ‘ Na Fe’ fire conde] 2. Max + AgNOg) —> AgX + Nandy (X= c,8r,-E), K= Ch —y ustdke (soluble In NegoH) forming hig Gv) Jer eu K= Br —> pale yolord X= L ~qellod Be NOX + Cla Noel + Xp X= Oy T Xa dinselves th COLy medium yellows yen Cx= ar) viele yen Cx= 7) Fy , { A Goll) ArH, + Hel Cat) + Nano, —> ARNT” (Ar-Nen cs”) Hee ANON, > HNO, + NRTA —— UNG, ArNRe + AU > Ay NCL } © Diazoniuen”, a ae Warde en, oNat T Net" Red coluuced pet or ArN3 CH i aes sadton depending, upon iat, x line Pp-naph He nahuce of aryl group. op nagithonie) : ( pe rraphticonide) (Aria tm cone he) fre NO, + SntiHCL Coane’) > APN Hy ct” 7 “et * AreNHy + give seme 4ree Faas When dilated sulpictentty t poe) of tu reaction to like UW) above ke Nb, + Zn duak # NHgel —% Arnon heyl Io boanatnind (NH), N03. > AYNO + Ag y Black or Cetioe reagent) © give narrorq Q | za 7 ; R-C-NH, + Naor —> &- Cong + NHs (8% gf Nis ie t ell 5 4 OPP aA deme white 4, ) 3 Ch —> NH4act Cappeare d, Ki 1 om D fl. 9 ab A R-C—NH~Ph + sy. Na, (0, —> R-C —0Na HuPhNH2 (PhIIl2 ie imminible in welen ar, aquecva alkali and hence appeans ° an an orily clnoplet ») R—C—NHPh.+ dil HCL —> PRNH) th dil HCl’ + RCOOH L Next park af He reacHon ta tike the neacHom () on the previcus page- g |g " R-C-OH +Nahco, —>A~ G-oNa + COT Ceffervescence | 8E CO, ia obaewed ) + CHZOH + cme. H,$0q —> Gre mL { COOH aieiee Salicylic acid ie (Met salieytake having Ane smell of cil of wintergreen) ex"é Fe aus Cs voy unatable «Readily ° ainoppeare by perborming Athen types ef Renction - Smetioes th enti me va radreal giver stable coped eg +> Cy (Fm 8 “HO qrinhydrone Ciet molar Lge Q ) a ¢ adduct Sime person tine the colowe Lo due to. [Fe Corny J? demple | i g@ he NEN I O + Ret + NANO, > oO ME aaa ” ° Ar OH oy, a + Naot —> GD ts em Net ae re eri eelee Cra er — dS | Colour of Br, dinappere 2 cree + on 7E-es aAthotu extuanon! | i ey HOr Condition reaction | Conn a) FS olaGvits) Biot 4 Ee ‘one | +O > GI Her ble te Oveludten of. H | be : Meice no tory | | Gauloptitakeon reackion) CK Hn —e DEM EK. (Pig cave of KAD : {Fine extour) oH OH dinoppeat ) ' Lovins ontaréable group Uke CHO, CH,eH alae Thtexbore he a ee ee 2 we Reeser a RASH Re Koy Se phon EUR I Fe atewore ens Vite tee |q 2 j y 3 R-E- Nh, + NaOH 7 R= E-ONa +H Consiliegt Ny Z Smell 3 ‘i P chon: Nig + Hel —» NHacl Cappeace a deme white Jone)? PR=C—ONa + PhiNH, (PRAM he Tnamiveible in taden or, aquecua alcali and hence appeam _. a8, an oviby duroptet ) o t R—-C—NH-Ph + aay. Na, 03 — Ome: u R-CONWPR + dil: HCL —o PRNH, indil. Ha + RCOOH ee mets a “4 . . next park af Had peaction to ke the meachion (1) on the, previows. Page: Ut gq “ R—E-on + Nonco, ——> R- ~oNa + @0,7 Céppervescence f a of co, ia obaewed a~ 0H ( ! +t CHaOH + conc! H,S0q ——> ate Salieylie actd - 0 “4 : (Metiugl sobieytake having tre smelt of ail of winkergrea) NON