Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Title Slide
• Title of project
• Your name, class
Slide 1: Introduction
• Provide Background on topic
• Cite with Supporting Literature
• Establish the need for your research (point out the gap)
• Limitations/Delimitations
• Assumptions
Slide 3: Methods
• State study design
• Define Groups
• Plan to recruit subjects
• Independent/Dependent Variables
• Power Analysis Results
Slide 4: Analysis
• Instrumentation
(e.g., surveys, equipment)
• Procedures/Processing – photos are very useful here
• Detail statistical analysis- Testing (if needed)
References Slide
Quick read
Qualitative Interview
A qualitative research interview seeks to cover both a factual and a meaning level, though it
is usually more difficult to interview on a meaning level. (Kvale,1996)
Interviews are particularly useful for getting the story behind a participant‟s experiences. The
interviewer can pursue in-depth information around the topic. Interviews may be useful as
follow-up to certain respondents to questionnaires. e.g., to further investigate their responses.
(McNamara,1999)
Questions should be open-ended rather than closed-ended. For example, instead of asking
“Do you know about the clinic‟s services?” ask “Please describe the clinic‟s services.”
You should ask factual question before opinion questions. For example, ask, “What activities
were conducted?” before asking, “What did you think of the activities?”
Use probes as needed. These include:
a) Would you give me an example?
b) Can you elaborate on that idea?
c) Would you explain that further?
d) I‟m not sure I understand what you‟re saying.
e) Is there anything else?
Types of questions
a) Introducing questions: „Please tell me about when your interest in X first began?‟;
„Have you ever . . .?‟; „Why did you go to . . .?‟ .
b) Follow-up questions: getting the interviewee to elaborate his/her answer, such as
„Could you say some more about that?‟; „What do you mean by that . . .?‟; even
„Yeeees?‟
c) Probing questions: following up what has been said through direct questioning.
d) Specifying questions: „What did you do then?‟; „How did X react to what you said?‟
e) Direct questions: „Do you find it easy to keep smiling when serving customers?‟; „Are
you happy with the way you and your husband decide how money should be spent?‟
Such questions are perhaps best left until towards the end of the interview, in order
not to influence the direction of the interview too much.
f) Indirect questions: „What do most people round here think of the ways that
management treats its staff?‟, perhaps followed up by „Is that the way you feel too?‟,
in order to get at the individual‟s own view.
g) Structuring questions: „I would now like to move on to a different topic‟.
h) Silence: allow pauses to signal that you want to give the interviewee the opportunity
to reflect and amplify an answer.
i) Interpreting questions: „Do you mean that your leadership role has had to change from
one of encouraging others to a more directive one?‟; „Is it fair to say that what you are
suggesting is that you don‟t mind being friendly towards customers most of the time,
but when they are unpleasant or demanding you find it more difficult?
Survey Questionnaire
Surveys: “A type of research to collect the data and facts about some certain situation or
issue from the target population existing in surroundings having relevance to the nature of
study. Survey research is the research strategy to study the relationships and characteristics.”
Analytical Surveys: “An analytical survey attempts to describe and explain WHY certain
situations exist. It examines two, or more variable to test the research hypothesis”.
Examples:
How life-style effects the TV viewing habits.
Impact of war games on teenagers.