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Human E e
& Colourful
World
CH 11 Sc c Ca 10
No e + 10 Yea In eg a ed PYQ'
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 Human Colourful World
Eye and Are

what do we have to
Study ?
1-
V -1
Dispersion of light total internal reflection Scattering of light

REFRACTION TROUGH A GLASS PRISM

* Prism
→ It's a
pyramid-shaped piece of glass with two
triangular bases and
three rectangular lateral surfaces .

* Angle of Prism
→ The
angle between two adjoining surfaces .

DISPERSION OF LIGHT

When light passes through prism ,

it splits into different colour
components .

4This phenomena is called

dispersion of light .

A Maximum wavelength is of Red colour and minimum is of violet .

A Red colour bends the least and violet colour bends the most .
NEWTON 'S DOUBLE PRISM EFFECT

RECOMBINATION OF WHITE LIGHT

A Newton
found that when an inverted prism is placed in the
path
of dispersed light then after passing through the
prism , they
recombine to form white light .

9) He
passed sunlight through a
glass prism to form a band of
seven colours .

2) He tried to split the colours

further by putting another
prism
to obtain
ahead of the
prism forming spectrum but he
failed
more colours .

3) He repeated the experiment using second

prism in inverted position
went . the
first prism .

-
It allowed all the colours of spectrum to
pass through second

prism .

He found that white

light emerges on the other side
of
-

second
prism .
.

4) Thus he concluded that

Sunlight is made
up of seven visible
colour called VIBGYOR .
 SCATTERING OF EIGHT
→ The scattering of light is the phenomenon by which a beam of
light is redirected in different directions on interacting with particles
in the medium
present .

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

tithe
angle of incidence ,
at which the
angle of refraction is 90
degree
is called critical
angle .

CONDITIONS FOR TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

9) The ray of light has to travel from denser to rarer medium .

2) The angle of incidence has to be

greater than critical
angle .
 RAINBOW

tyg IT E. 3¥92 BF ? !

PHENOMENA INVOLVED IN RAINBOW FORMATION ARE 8

L > Internal
y
Dispersion Refraction Reflection
The water droplets act like
→ small
prisms .

→
They refract and
disperse the incident sunlight ,
then reflect it
it
internally .
and
finally refract it
again when comes out
of
the
raindrop .

→ Due to the
dispersion of light and internal reflation , different colours
reach the observer 's
eye .
ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION
* The refraction of light by different layers of atmospheric is called

atmospheric refraction .

In this we study ;

L V t

Apparent position Advanced Sunrise

Twinkling of
ofg Stars and delayed Sunset Stars

1) Twinkling
"

of Stars

The to
twinkling atmospheric refraction of Starlight
→
of a star is due .

The Starlight the earth 's atmosphere undergoes refraction

→
, on
entering ,

it
continuously before reaches the earth .

The atmospheric refraction in medium of gradully changing

→ occurs a

refractive index .

Since the
atmospheric bends
Starlight towards the normal , the apparent
→

position of the star is

slightly different from its actual position
star is
of the
slightly different from its actual position .

( Star II get HT E. ET that get ATT E !)

2) Advanced Sunrise and

delayed Sunset

The Sun is visible to us about 2 minutes before the actual

Sunrise , and about 2 minutes after the actual sunset because of
atmospheric refraction .
3) Apparent position of stars

→ Stars when the horizon higher than

seen near
appear slightly
their actual position atmospheric
due to refraction .

→ Distant star acts as

point source of light .

→ Since the
, refractive index of earth 's atmosphere in general increases
from top to bottom so when the light coming from a stars enters
,

the Earth 's atmosphere it undergoes refraction continuously

, °
.

→ Since the refractive indene of

,
earth's atmosphere in general increases
light coming from a star enters the
to bottom so when the
from top ,

Earth 's atmosphere it

undergoes refraction continuously
,
.

TYNDALL EFFECT
The white
phenomenon of scattering of light by colloidal
particles
is known as
Tyndall effect .