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eyfteDuav;udk pD;xm;\/ 0ga&Taom olUtom;ESib hf ed yfteDa&mif
onf yPm&aeayonf/ olUajcacsmif;uav;rsm;onf pkpnf;xm;
aom yef;ikHrsm;vkd oJBudK;Mum;rS xkd;xGufaeMu\/ olUajcaxmuf
onf yg&Si;f aumfaZmay:&Sd {PDom;aumifukd zdeif;xm;onf/ uRef
awmfyif om;aumif jzpfaeavNyDvm;/
uReaf wmfonf vufpyG t f aMumif;udk ar;csi\f / apmjreE´m
uReaf wmfv h ufaqmifvufpyG u f av;udk r0wfbaJ ejcif;rSm uReaf wmfh
udk jiif;y,fonfht"dyÜg,fayvm;[k pOf;pm;rdonf/
tjyifrS um;wpD; ukef;ay:odkY wufvmoH Mum;&onf/
cPMumaomf wHcg;0rS acgif;avmif;oH ay:vmonf/ tapcHrerfh
rkdonf wHcg;udk zGifhay;vkduf\/ uRefawmfa&m apmjreE´myg vSnfh
Munfv h u dk af omtcg t&yfaxmifaxmifarmif;armif; q&m0eftusÐ
&SnfBuD;udk 0wfxm;aom rsufESmjzLwa,mufudk awGU&avonf/
ar*smyufwmqefyif jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ touf 30ausmfavmufrQ
om &Sdao;\/ rsufvkH;rsm;onf rIdif;ndKUíaeayonf/ ar*smyuf
pwkw¬tBudrf jroef;wifh^ 35

wmqefonf uReaf wmfwEYdk pS af ,mufukd jrifaomtcg cGiahf wmif;Ny;D


vufqEJG w I qf uf\/ apmjreE´mu uReaf wmfEiS ahf r*smyufwmqef udk
rdwfqufay;onf/
]]aMomf...rpöwmOuúmu &efukefwuúodkvf&Srf;ausmif;
om;rsm;toif;Ouú|udk;? aumif;ygw,f? aumif;ygw,f/ BudK;pm;
Muyg? 'gayr,fh owdxm;vJvkyf? &efukefwuúodkvfrSm teDawG xdk;
azmufaew,f}}
omoemjyKtzGUJ ESiyhf gvmol q&m0efu Ekid if aH &;pum;ajym
ayonf/ ar*smyufwmqefrSm 'kwd,urÇmppfu ppfwyfq&m0ef
tjzpf jrefrmjynfodkY a&mufvmNyD;aemuf &Srf;jynf&Sd tar&duefom
oemjyKtzGJUESifhtwl q&m0eftjzpf trIxrf;íaeayonf/ ar*sm
yufwmqef\taMumif;udk OD;cGefomu aemifwGif uRefawmfhtm;
ajymjyayonf/ ar*smyufwmqefonf wcgw&H ,kd;',m;bufodkY
¤if;? pifumylodkY¤if;? wvESpfvMumrQ xGufoGm;wwfonf[kqkday
onf/ wu,fyif ,dk;',m;odkY oGm;avovm;? ,kd;',m;odkYoGm;
onfxm;OD;? aoG;&kd;om;&kd;rS [kwfygav&JUvm;? bk&m;ocifrSom
odayvdrfhrnf/ uRefawmfu bmrQrajymbJ aevkdufygonf/
]]ukdOuúm cPaetkH;aemf...? jreE´m pwufy&dkrkdufpifxdk;
ae&ao;vkdY}}
ar*smyufwmqefudk apmjreE´mu pmMunfhcef;xJodkYac:
oGm;ayonf/ olwkdYtcef;bufqDrS pum;ajymoH? apmjreE´m\ryGifh
wyGifh&,farmoHwkdYonf uRefawmfhem;xJodkY ajy;0ifvmMuayonf/
apmjreE´mESiahf r*smyufwmqefwrYdk mS &if;ES;D vGe;f vSonf[k xifrad y
onf/ taemufwkdif;om;ESifhtaemufwkdif;qefvkdaom ta&SUwkdif;
oljzpfaeívm;awmh rajymwwfay/
uRefawmfonf ar*smyufwmqefESifhMumMum rsufESmcsif;
rqkdifcsif? apmjreE´m\pHtdrfawmfrS tjrefqkH;xGufoGm;vkdufcsifay
onf/ MumMumxkdifrdvQif ar*smyufwmqefonf olESifhbmrQrywf
oufaomudpaö wGudk ajymvdrrhf nf[k uReaf wmfxif\/ o0efwo dk nf
[k qkcd sivf nf; qkMd uygapawmh? uReaf wmf olwEYdk pS af ,muf &if;&if;
36 ^ jroef;wifh vkdufcJhawmh jreE´m

ESD;ESD; qufqHonfudk rMunfhcsifay/


cPMumaomtcg olwkdYESpfOD;pvkH; pmMunfhcef;xJrS xGuf
vmMu\/ apmjreE´monf b,fbuftusÐvufudk yifhíwifxm;
ayonf/
]]jyeftkH;r,f jreE´m}}
uRefawmfu tem;odkYa&mufvmvQif vmcsif;ajymvdkuf
onf/
]]tkd jyefawmhrvm;? 'DrSm b,favmuf MumtkH;rvJ}}
]]rajymwwfygbl; udpöyD;vQifyD;csif; jyefrSmbJ}}
ar*smyufwmqefonf pm;yGJay:wGif erfhrkdcsvmaoma&
aEG;ESifha&at;pyfxm;aom a<ua&okwfZvkHxJodkY vufEIdufíaq;
&if; uRefawmfwkdY ESpfa,mufudk Munfhaeayonf/
]]rjyefcif at;at;aq;aq; awGUMutkH;pdkYav/ 'DtwGif;
trawmfwkdYvJ ,kd;',m;buf oGm;vdrfhtkH;r,f}}
uRefawmfonf ar*smyufwmqefudk EIwfqufí xGufvm
\/ apmjreE´mu olUum;jzifh uRefawmfhudk vkdufíydkYckdif;ayonf/
pHtrd af wmftwGuf &Sr;f ykvyd uf wHcg;zGiahf y;aomtcgwGif taemuf
wkdif;aw;oHonf pHtdrfawmfxJrSm jyefYvGifhívm\/ uRefawmfhrsuf
vkH;xJwGif apmjreE´monf ar*smyufwmqef\&ifcGifwGif yg;tyf
wm wNidrfhNidrfhuaeonfudk jrifa,mifaeayonf/

(5)
*sKHcif;rsm;onf a&Ta&mifrSnfhí vmMuayonf/ vdar®mfyif
rsm;wGif a&T0goD;rsm; 0if;aeayonf/ ylaEG;aomaea&mifjcnfonf
ta&SUawmifwef;jymay:rS ajyavsmí usvmMu\/ csKdifh0Srf;rsm;xJ
rS rD;ckd;wkdYonf uGJvkvk ESif;awGESifh&pfaxG;&pfaxG;um txufodkY
vGifhvmMuonf/ &Srf;awmifolwkYd pl;xkd;pdkuf&ef awmrD;&IdUaejcif;jzpf
ayonf/ oeyfzufykd tao;uav;rsm;udk ausmw f iG yf ;kd xm;Muaom
aps;onfrsm;onf awmifcg;yef;rS wa&GUa&GUwufvmMuayonf/
tpmudk csDykd;vmMuaom y&Gufuav;rsm;ESifhwlayonf/
pwkw¬tBudrf jroef;wifh^ 37

uReaf wmfEiS Ohf ;D cGeo f mwkYd r*Fvm&|rS xGuv f mcJMh uonfrmS


q,f&ufcefY &SdayNyD/ onftwGif; uRefawmfonf uGJuGmaeaom
&Sr;f vlx\ k arwåmaiGUudk ckv d cHI &hJ yg\/ xkt d cg uReaf wmf\pdwo f nf
aEG;axG;ívm\/ wuf<uívm\/ olwkdYwawG xGuf&yfvrf;&Smí
rawGUonfukd jrif&aomtcg uRefawmfh&ifonf emívmyg\/ NrdKU
pm;cGefrSL;tdrfa&mufvmvQif olwkdYwawGonf jym;jym;0yfrQ BudKqkd
Mu&\/ &Srf;ykvdyfawGudk jrifvQif xdwfueJ jzpfoGm;Muonf/
uReaf wmfw&Ydk rS ;f vlxo k nf ESi;f awmxJwiG f vrf;paysmufae
olESifhwlayonf/ uRefawmfwkdYwawGu ya'o&mZfqefYusifa&;t
zGJUawG &GmpOfavQmufí zGJUaomtcg pdwfoGm;oavmuf udk,fryg
Ekid Mf u&Smay/ &Sr;f ykvrd rf sm;ESiahf pmfbmG ;bufawmfom;rsm;udk aMumuf
aeMu&ayonf/ uReaf wmfonf olww Ydk awGEiS ahf wGUwkid ;f apmjreE´m
ESifhuRefawmfwkdY &if;ESD;onfhtjzpfudk awG;í rvkHrvJjzpfrdayonf/
uRefawmfonf olwkdYudk um,uHajrmufopömazmufaeNyDvm;[k
vnf; awG;rdonf/ trSefawmh uRefawmfESifhapmjreE´monf qefY
usifbufrsm;jzpfMu\/ onfqefYusifbufESpfckudk b,fvkdaygif;pyf
ay;&rnfudk uRefawmfrpOf;pm;wwfay/
OD;cGeo f m\rsuv f ;Hk onf uReaf wmhu f kd tvpfray;ay/ apm
jreE´mwkpYd t H rd af wmfrS jyefvmuwnf;u OD;cGeo f m\rsuv f ;Hk rsm;onf
uReaf wmhu f kd tNrw J rf;apmifMh uyfaeMuayonf/ olUrsuv f ;Hk rsm;onf
rouFmonfht&dyfta,mifawGom vTrf;rkd;aeonf[k xifrd\/
OD;cGeo f mvkd &d;k om;aomya'o&mZfqefu Y siaf &;orm;wOD;\rouFm
rIudk uRefawmfrcH,l&Jay/
r*Fvm&|odjYk yefa&mufí rMumrDyif apmjreE´monf qvGe;f
um;teufBu;D udk ud, k wf idk af rmif;í a&mufvmayonf/ aemufwiG f
erfhrdkonf um;aemufydkif;wGif ukyfukyfuav; ygvmavonf/ ol
onf zm;zk;H xJrS aMumifuav;ESiw hf al eayonf/ trSet f m;jzifh apm
jreE´mu uRefawmfhtm; onf&uf onfaeYwGif vmrnf[k csdef;xm;
onfr[kwfay/ uRefawmfe,frStjyef xrif;pm;NyD; tem;,laepOf
ola&muf&v dS mjcif; jzpfayonf/ apmjreE´monf um;ay:rSrqif;bJ
38 ^ jroef;wifh vkdufcJhawmh jreE´m

erfhrdkudk tac:vTwfvkdufonf/
]]uJ...'DaeYawmh ESif;ykvJudkvJoGm;r,f? r*Fvm&|w0dkuf
udkvJ avQmufvnfr,f? um;pD;&if; pum;ajymMur,f}}
uRefawmfonf apmjreE´m\tjyKtrlawGudk em;rvnfEkdif
atmif jzpf&avonf/ uRefawmfwkdY\Zmwfvrf;udk OD;&D;awmf&dyfrd
oGm;onf[k uReaf wmfu h kd ajymcJb
h ;l \/ odaYk omf uReaf wmf r*Fvm&|
odkYta&mufwGif pHtdrfawmftxd zdwfac:cJh&kHrQru armfawmfum;
jzifh udk,fwkdif zdwfac:onfhtxd jzpfvmjyefonf/ bmaMumifh uRef
awmfhudk tvGeftrif;awGUcsifaeonfudk uRefawmfrod/ uRefawmf
url apmjreE´m\vufpGyfae&mwGif jrvufpGyfonf tpm;a&muf
vmayNyDavm/ em;vnf&cufaom rdef;racsmwa,mufaywum;/
apmjreE´monf jy'g;okwx f m;aom aeumrsurf eS rf u J kd wyf
xm;í um;udkusifvnfpGm armif;vmayonf/ um;uav;onf
wajz;ajz; ESif;ykvJudk wufcJhayonf/ ESif;ykvJu awmifpcef;NrdKU
jzpfí r*Fvm&|ESirhf idk 2f 0avmuf a0;rnfxifonf/ apmjreE´monf
onfvrf;udk rMumcParmif;aeus jzpf[efwlayonf/
wzufwiG f tolw&meufvpS mG aom acsmufurf;yg;Bu;D rsm;
onf uRefawmfwkdYatmufwGif 0yfpif;íaeMuayonf/ wzufwGif
awmifurf;yg;,HBuD;rsm;onf vrf;uav;udk rkd;vsuf &Sdayonf/
xyfwGefYtauGUawGudk auGUvkdufwkdif; &ifzkdp&maumif;vSayonf/
uRefawmfonf um;udk *&kwpdkufarmif;aeaomapmjreE´mab;wGif
pum;wcGef;rS rajymrdbJ vkdufygvmrdonf/ uRefawmf apmjreE´m
um;ay:odt Yk wufwiG f jyK;H íMunfah eaom OD;cGeo f mrsuEf mS omvQif
uRefawmfhrsufpdxJwGif wa&;a&;jrifvsuf &Sd\/
]]armif b,fawmhjyefrvJ}}
apmjreE´mu vrf;tqif;wGif b&dwfudk xdef;íauG;&if;
ar;\/ olUEIwfcrf;av;rsm;onf rsOf;ajzmifhwacsmif;vdk wif;Muyf
pGm aphaeayonf/
]]rodao;bl;}}
]]jreE´mudk csp&f if r*Fvm&|u tjrefq;Hk xGuo f mG ;&ifaumif;
pwkw¬tBudrf jroef;wifh^ 39

r,fxifw,f}}
apmjreE´mu erfhrkd&Sdaeojzifh t*Fvdyfvkdajym\/
]][if}}
uRefawmfonf tdyfrufrufaewkef;? jAKef;ueJ vmEkd;cH&ol
vkd vefYoGm;ayonf/
]]r*Fvm&|tajctae[m ajrjyefv Y dk r[kwzf ;l ? od&yI w
f ,f/
'Dt&IyfBuD;xJudk armifr0ifapcsifbl;}}
r*Fvm&|rS ocifrav;onf uReaf wmfu h kd trdeaYf y;aeacs
NyD/ apmjreE´m\rsufESmonf rjyKH;vnf; rjyKH;/ r&,fvnf; r&,f/
&ifhusufaom£a`E´udk aqmifae\/ aeumrsufrSefwyfxm;ojzifh
olUrsufvkH;rSta&mifudkrl uRefawmfrjrif&ay/
apmjreE´majymovdk r*Fvm&|e,frSm t&IyfqkH;jzpfonfudk
uRefawmfrod r[kwf? uRefawmf aumif;aumif;BuD;odayonf/ t
ajctaeonf yifhultdrfvkd a&maxG;vsuf&Sd\/
uReaf wmfwt Ydk zGUJ rSm vlrsK;d Bu;D 0g'udak omf¤if;? &Sr;f ya'o&mZf
vlrsm;pk\tmPmrpGefYvTwfa&;ESifhcGJxGufa&;0g'udkaomf¤if;? qefY
usio f nft h zGUJ csKyjf zpf\/ uReaf wmfwt Ydk zGUJ csKy\
f vrf;pOfukd uReaf wmf
apmifhxdef;&ayvdrfhrnf/
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xJudk 0ifvJ r0ifcsifygbl;/ tajctaet& a&SUaqmifa&SU&Gufvkyf
aeMuwmyg/ armifw[ Ydk m armifw&Ydk UJ &Sr;f vlxak wG cHpm;apcsiw f ,f/
a[m'D ausmufwiG ;f awG? abmfwiG ;f awG? unifjcaH wG? ,mcif;awm
awGudk &Srf;v,form;awGudk ykdifapcsifw,f/ olwkdYtwGuf ausmif;
awG zGifhapcsifw,f}}
uReaf wmfu apmjreE´mudk Ekid if aH &;w&m;a[mygonf/ ESi;f
ykvo J eYkd ;D vmí &Icif;onf taemufwidk ;f qefvmayonf/ vrf;ab;
wGif ArmhwyfrawmfrS vrf;opfazmufaeonfhtwGuf tvkyform;
rsm;onf ausmufcJrsm;udk vrf;Mum;wGifykHae\/ rIdif;ysaom awm
&dyaf wmif&yd Mf um;rS wdrrf ;dk eDerD sm;udk jrif&\/ ESi;f ykvo J nf ,luvpf
wyf&eHYjzifh oif;aeayonf/ t*FvdyftrwfcsKyfaeoGm;&mNrdKU jzpfo
40 ^ jroef;wifh vkdufcJhawmh jreE´m

jzifh trwfcsKyf&kH;udk crf;em;pGm jrif&ayonf/ vuf&SdtrwfcsKyfrSm


ESif;ykvJwGifjzpf\/
]]armifwYdk Ekid if aH &;orm;awG[m awmfawmfcufw,f/ Ekid if H
a&;orm;qkd&if 'Dvdkcsnf;bJ xifyg&JU? odyfacgif;rmwwfMuwm}}
]]acgif;rmwm r[kwfygbl;? jzpfwmudk trSeftwkdif;jrifwm?
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]]r*Fvm&|rSm apmfbGm;av;&JUtrawmfvwfapmjreE´m[m
apmfbmG ;qefu Y siaf &;acgif;aqmifwa,mufev YJ ufxyfw,fq&dk if vl
Mum;vkdYaumif;ygtkH;rvm;}}
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&Sad Mumif; ajymvk[ d ef&\dS / uReaf wmfu tm;usrcH ajymvku d af yonf/
]]armifwrYdk mS vJ armifwpdYk nf;rsO;f eJaY rmifwYdk &Syd gw,fjreE´m}}
]]bmvJ jreE´mvkd aqGawmfrsKd;awmfr,l&bl;vkdY ynwfxm;
vkdYvm;}}
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csufyg}}
apmjreE´mu uRefawmfhpum;udk &,foGrf;aoG;ayonf/
uRefawmf pum;BuD;pum;us,f ajymonfudk avSmifvkdovm;? jynf
olUopömqkdonfhpum;udkbJ &,farmvkdovm;awmh uRefawmfrod
ay/
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oGm;vrf;qko H Ykd jyefqif;vmavonf/ vrf;qkrH t S a&SUbufoYkd csK;d oGm;
vQif rJZmodkYa&mufNyD; taemufbufodkYoGm;aomvrf;cGJudkvkdufvQif
r*Fvm&|odkY jyefvmonfhvrf;&Sdayonf/ vrf;qkHodkYa&mufaomt
cg r*Fvm&|odkY oGm;aomvrf;twkdif; jyefarmif;vmavonf/
]][if...jyefawmhrvkdYvm;}}
uRefawmfu vSrf;íar;&if; aemufzufodkY vSnfhMunfhvkduf
onf/ erfrh o dk nf um;ul&iS af y:wGif tdyif u kd í
f vku d yf gvmavonf/
]]a&ylprf;udk oGm;rvkYd? [dkrSm aeYvnfpm pm;r,f}}
a&ylprf;rSm r*Fvm&|rS rJZmodkY txGufvrf; q,frkdifcefY
pwkw¬tBudrf jroef;wifh^ 41

wGif&Sdayonf/ um;vrf;ab;odkY ajreDvrf;uav;twdkif; wzmvkH


ausmaf usmaf vmufqif;vku d vf Qif a&ylprf;odYk a&mufayonf/ jreE´m
onf um;udk ajreDvrf;uav;twkid ;f armif;vmNy;D zmvk0H ufavmuf
ta&mufwGif csKHuG,fí xkd;&yfvdkufNyD; erfhrdkukd apmifhckdif;um a&yl
prf;bufodkYavQmufvmcJhMuonf/ apmjreE´m\vufwGif 0g;rQifjzifh
&ufxm;aomvufqt JG w d cf yfBu;D Bu;D wvk;H ESiBhf urd jf cif;jym;uav;udk
qGJvmayonf/
]]ay;...ay;...armifuikd cf rhJ ,f}}
uRefawmfu bkrodbrodjzifh 0g;rQifvufqGJtdwfudk vSrf;
,lvkduf\/ apmjreE´mu uRefawmfhvufudk wGef;z,fvkdufonf/
]]tk.d ..tomaeprf;yg? 'DxrJ mS xrdeaf wGxnhv f mwm? [dk
rSma&csKd;rvkdY? armifhrSmaum vkHcsnfyg&JUvm;}}
]][ifhtif;...}}
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jyefr,f}}
a&ylprf;rS cyfvSrf;vSrf;jrufcif;jyifwGif apmjreE´m\udk,f
okwfyk0gBuD;udk jzefYcif;um vSJtdyfvkdufonf/ apmjreE´monf csKH
uG,fodkY0ifum xrdef&if&Sm;NyD; uRefawmfhab;wGif MuKHUMuKHU,kHY,kHYvm
xkdifayonf/
]]ckvkd jreE´meJYaeawmh raysmfbl;vm;}}
apmjreE´m\vufacsmif;Eke,fuav;rsm;onf uRefawmfh
qHyifrsm;udk yGwfoyfay;aeayonf/ ,ckvkd uRefawmftem;wGif
jreE´mtNrJ&Sdapcsifayonf/ jreE´m\oG,faysmif;aomvufacsmif;
uav;rsm; uRefawmfhar;? yg;? ESma,mifwkdYudk xdawGUyGwfoyfap
csi\
f / Mu,fyiG v hf jdk yK;H 0ifah omrsuv f ;Hk rsm;wGif uReaf wmft h &dyu
f kd uRef
awmfjyefMunfhcsif\/ ol\ykd;rQifvkdEkaom &ifcGifrSm ckdvIHcsifyg\/
uReaf wmfvdk Murf;wrf;cufxa&mfaom Ekid if aH &;orm;wOD;\c&D;wGif
apmjreE´mvkd cspfolwOD; vkdufygapcsifayonf/
42 ^ jroef;wifh vkdufcJhawmh jreE´m

apmjreE´m\0g0if;aom yck;H om;uav;rsm;onf El;nHv h eG ;f


vS\/ xd&kHESifhyJhusavrnfvm; xif&ayonf/ vufwHrsm;onf
pum;0gyef;udik ;f vkd nTwaf ysmif;Mu\/ a&;a&;rQay:aeaom taMum
pdrf;uav;rsm;onf yef;yGifhvTmay:rS taMumuav;rsm;vkd vSyay
onf/ MuKHUMuKHU,kHY,kYHxkdifaeojzifh wifom;rsm;onf cgwkdif;xufpGifh
um;aeMuonf/ OD;opfa&Tvkd 0gíaeaom&ifnTefYwGif ykvJoG,fw
ukH;udk 0wfxm;ayonf/
uRefawmfonf oZifyef;yGifhzwfawGukd apmjreE´mtwGuf
b,ufoDay;apcsifonf/ ,ckvkda0;&mrSeD;vmMu&awmhvJ uRef
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pwkw¬tBudrf jroef;wifh^ 43

apmjreE´monf apmapmu qnf;vnf;oHjzifh &,fvsuf&Sd


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BuD;awGvkd {u&mZfawG? ya'o&mZfawG"m;atmufrSm acgif;ikHYcHcJh&
wm MumvSMubD/ olwkYdwawGtay:rSm {u&mZfawG? ya'o&mZf
awG wqlNyD;wqlajymif;? tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfawG wrsKd;NyD;wrsKd;om
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44 ^ jroef;wifh vkdufcJhawmh jreE´m

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tMum;wGif uReaf wmfEiS w hf í
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pwkw¬tBudrf jroef;wifh^ 45

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46 ^ jroef;wifh vkdufcJhawmh jreE´m

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pwkw¬tBudrf jroef;wifh^ 47

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48 ^ jroef;wifh vkdufcJhawmh jreE´m

awmfonf olwkdYESpfa,mufudk em;rvnfovkd Munfhíaerdonf/


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rsm;udk jrif&ayonf/
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wkdif; awmufajymifvmMuayonf/

(6)
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pwkw¬tBudrf jroef;wifh^ 49

wckwiG f ynmoifco hJ nf[k OD;cGeo f mu uReaf wmfu h dk ajymjyayonf/


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(7)
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(8)
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Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ

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