Gp1 Vectors

VECTORS
➢ Miss Alyssa Marie C. Paisan

➢ General Physics 1
➢ STEM – Science Unit
➢ University of the East - Caloocan
OVERVIEW
■ Vector vs. scalar
■ Components of vectors
■ Vector addition
ALYSSA MARIE C. PAISAN | GENERAL PHYSICS 1 | STEM – SCIENCE UNIT | UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST - CALOOCAN
OBJECTIVES
■Differentiate vector and scalar quantities;
■Perform addition of vectors; and
■Rewrite a vector in component form.
VECTOR
VS.
SCALAR
Vector vs. Scalar
■ Vector quantity is a quantity that is fully described by both
magnitude and direction.
– Examples are displacement, velocity, acceleration,
momentum, the earth’s pull on your body, and force
■ Scalar quantity is a quantity that is fully described by its

magnitude.
– Examples are length, height, time, distance, area, speed,
temperature, energy, power, and mass.
Representing Vectors
■ Vector quantities are often represented by scaled vector
diagrams.
■ Vector diagrams depict a vector by use of an arrow drawn to
scale in a specific direction.
Characteristics of appropriately
drawn vector diagram:
1. A scale is clearly listed.
2. A vector arrow (with
arrowhead) is drawn in a
specified direction.
3. The magnitude and direction
of the vector is clearly labelled.
■ Vectors can also be represented by either English or
Greek alphabet letters. In this module, a variable that
is in bold face will represent a vector.
■ Examples:
– A (English alphabet)
– 𝛕 (lowercase Greek letter “tau”)
DIRECTIONS OF V E C T O R S
➢ Miss Alyssa Marie C. Paisan

➢ General Physics 1
➢ STEM – Science Unit
➢ University of the East - Caloocan
Directions of Vectors
■ cardinal directions
■ up, down, right, left
■ based on the Cartesian coordinate
system
■ Each direction is associated with a sign:

SIGN DIRECTION
Positive (+) North (N)
Positive (+) East (E)
Negative (−) South (S)
Negative (−) West (W)
PRIMARY DIRECTIONS
A
A = 6 m, East or +6 m
EXAMPLES C D
B = 2 m, West
SCALE or – 2 m D = 4 m,
North or +4 m
1 square
=1m
C = 4 m, South or – 4 m
■ Each direction is associated with an angle:

ANGLE DIRECTION
𝟒𝟓° relative to north and east Northeast (NE)
𝟒𝟓° relative to north and west Northwest (NW)
𝟒𝟓° relative to south and east Southeast (SE)
𝟒𝟓° relative to south and west Southwest (SW)
SECONDARY DIRECTIONS
A
θ
EXAMPLES θ
SCALE
1 cm = 1 A = 7 km,
km Northeast
θ
B
EXAMPLES θ
SCALE
1 cm = 1 B = 5 km,
km Northwest
EXAMPLES
θ
SCALE
1 cm = 1 θ C = 7.5 km,
km C Southwest
D = 4.5 km,
Southeast
EXAMPLES
SCALE θ
1 cm = 1 θ D
km

ANGLE DIRECTION
𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝟎° 𝐭𝐨 𝟗𝟎° 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭 𝟒𝟓° North of east
measured from East to North (N of E)
𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝟎° 𝐭𝐨 𝟗𝟎° 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭 𝟒𝟓° North of west
measured from West to North (N of W)
𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝟎° 𝐭𝐨 𝟗𝟎° 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭 𝟒𝟓° South of east
measured from East to South (S of E)
TERTIARY 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝟎° 𝐭𝐨 𝟗𝟎° 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭 𝟒𝟓° South of west
DIRECTIONS measured from West to South (S of W)
(relative to x-axis)

ANGLE DIRECTION
𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝟎° 𝐭𝐨 𝟗𝟎° 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭 𝟒𝟓° East of North
measured from North to East (E of N)
𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝟎° 𝐭𝐨 𝟗𝟎° 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭 𝟒𝟓° West of North
measured from North to West (W of N)
𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝟎° 𝐭𝐨 𝟗𝟎° 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭 𝟒𝟓° East of South
measured from South to East (E of South)
TERTIARY 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝟎° 𝐭𝐨 𝟗𝟎° 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭 𝟒𝟓° West of South
DIRECTIONS measured from South to West (W of S)
(relative to y-axis)
𝟑𝟏°
𝟓𝟗°
EXAMPLES
SCALE relative to x-axis: A = 7 km, 59°, N of E

1 cm = 1
km relative to y-axis: A = 7 km, 31°, E of N
B 𝟕𝟎°
EXAMPLES
𝟐𝟎°
SCALE
relative to x-axis: B = 5 km, 𝟐𝟎°, N of W
1 cm = 1
km relative to y-axis: B = 5 km, 7𝟎°, W of N
relative to x-axis: C = 7.5 km, 𝟏𝟓°, S of W

relative to y-axis: C = 7.5 km, 𝟕𝟓°, W of S
EXAMPLES
𝟏𝟓°
SCALE
1 cm = 1 𝟕𝟓°
km C
relative to x-axis: D = 4.5 km, 80°, S of E
relative to y-axis: D = 4.5 km, 10°, E of S

EXAMPLES
𝟖𝟎°
SCALE
1 cm = 1 𝟏𝟎°
D
km
■ Each direction is associated with a sign:

SIGN DIRECTION
Positive (+) Up
Positive (+) Right
Negative (−) Down
Negative (−) Left
A
A = 6 m, Right or +6 m
EXAMPLES C D
B = 2 m,
SCALE Left or – 2 m D = 4 m,
Up or +4 m
1 square
=1m C = 4 m, Down or – 4 m
■ Each direction is associated with a

sign:
CARTESIAN CARDINAL
UDRL
PLANE DIRECTION
+ x direction East Right
+ y direction North Up
− 𝐱 direction West Left
−𝐲 direction South Down
A = 7 km, 59° A
relative to +x-axis
𝟓𝟗°
-301°
CCW – + angle
CW – - angle
A = 7 km, −𝟑𝟎𝟏°
EXAMPLES relative to +x-axis
SCALE
1 cm = 1 km
B = 5 km, 𝟏𝟔𝟎°
relative to +x-axis
B
160°
CCW – + angle
CW – - angle
−𝟐𝟎𝟎°
EXAMPLES B = 5 km, −𝟐𝟎𝟎°
SCALE relative to +x-axis
1 cm = 1 km
C = 7.5 km, 𝟏𝟗𝟓°

relative to +x-axis
𝟏𝟗𝟓°
CCW – + angle
CW – - angle
-16𝟓° C = 7.5 km, −𝟏𝟔𝟓°
EXAMPLES
relative to +x-axis
SCALE C
1 cm = 1 km
D = 4.5 km, −80°

relative to +x-axis
28𝟎°
CCW – + angle
CW – - angle
−𝟖𝟎°
EXAMPLES D = 4.5 km, 280°

SCALE relative to +x-axis D
1 cm = 1 km
COMPONENTS OF
VECTORS
COMPONENTS OF VECTORS
■ In physics, when you break a vector

into its parts, those parts are called
its components.
■ Any vector directed in two dimensions can

be thought of as having an influence in two
different directions. That is, it can be
thought of as having two parts. Each part of
a two-dimensional vector is known as a
component.
■ The components of a vector depict the

influence of that vector in a given direction.
The combined influence of the two
components is equivalent to the influence of
the single two-dimensional vector.
■ Examples:
–Vector A (A) has two components
Ax (x-component)
Ay (y-component)
– Vector R (R) has two components
R x (x-component)
R y (y-component)
Components of Vectors
A = 6 m, East Ax Ay
+6 m 0
Bx By
B
-2m 0
B = 2 m, West or – 2 m
C = 4 m, South or – 4 m
Cx Cy
0 -4m
C
Dx Dy
0 +4m
D
D = 4 m, North or +4 m
▪ Vector A (A) has

two components 𝐀 = 6.71 km, 26.57°, N of E
Ax
Ay
Hyp=A
Opp=𝐀 𝐲
θ
Adj=𝐀 𝐱
Ay Ax
sinθ = cosθ =
A A
Ay = Asinθ Ax = Acosθ
Ay Ax
sinθ = only true when the angle is measured cosθ =
A from either the + x or − x axis. A
Ay = Asinθ Ax = Acosθ
“y” sounds “x” (/eks/) and

like sin cos (/kos/) both
ends with the
(/sayn/)
sound /s/
▪ Vector A (A) has

two components 𝐀 = 6.71 km, 26.57°, N of E
Ax =Acosθ
Ay =Asinθ
Hyp=A
Opp=𝐀 𝐲
θ
Adj=𝐀 𝐱
A
A = 7 km, 59°, N of E
𝐀𝐲
Ax Ay
𝟓𝟗°
Acosθ Asinθ
= +3.61 km = +6.00 km
𝐀𝐱
B = 5 km, 𝟐𝟎°, N of W
B 𝟐𝟎° Bx By
𝐁𝐲
Bcosθ Bsinθ
= -4.70 km = +1.71 km
𝐁𝐱
C = 7.5 km, 𝟏𝟓°, S of W
Cx Cy
𝐂𝐱
Ccosθ Csinθ
= -7.24 km = -1.94 km
𝐂𝐲
𝟏𝟓°
C
D = 4.5 km, 80°, S of E
Dx Dy
𝐃𝐱
Dcosθ Dsinθ
𝟖𝟎° = +0.78 km = -4.43 km
𝐃𝐲
D
REFERENCES
■ https://www.dummies.com/education/science/physics/how-to-find-vector-
components/#:~:text=In%20physics%2C%20when%20you%20break,(vertical)%2
0component%20is%201.
■ https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-1/Vector-Components

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VECTORS

➢ Miss Alyssa Marie C. Paisan

■ Scalar quantity is a quantity that is fully described by its

➢ Miss Alyssa Marie C. Paisan

■ Each direction is associated with a sign:

■ Each direction is associated with an angle:

■ Each direction is associated with an angle:

■ Each direction is associated with an angle:

SCALE relative to x-axis: A = 7 km, 59°, N of E

relative to x-axis: C = 7.5 km, 𝟏𝟓°, S of W

relative to x-axis: D = 4.5 km, 80°, S of E

relative to y-axis: D = 4.5 km, 10°, E of S

■ Each direction is associated with a sign:

■ Each direction is associated with a

C = 7.5 km, 𝟏𝟗𝟓°

D = 4.5 km, −80°

EXAMPLES D = 4.5 km, 280°

■ In physics, when you break a vector

■ Any vector directed in two dimensions can

■ The components of a vector depict the

▪ Vector A (A) has

“y” sounds “x” (/eks/) and

▪ Vector A (A) has

C = 7.5 km, 𝟏𝟓°, S of W

D = 4.5 km, 80°, S of E

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