VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI- 590018

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF DESIGN AND

FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING
MACHINE
(A Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering)

Submitted By

DANIEL JOSHUA DSOUZA 4MW16ME028

DERRIC CALVIN G 4MW16ME031
NISHAN 4MW16ME052
SHETTY PAURUSH KRISHNA 4MW16ME086

Under the guidance of

Mr. V.VIJENDRA BHAT
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SHRI MADHWA VADIRAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT, BANTAKAL, UDUPI – 574115

2020
 SHRI MADHWA VADIRAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY& MANAGEMENT
BANTAKAL, UDUPI-574115
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the work entitled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF
COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE” has been carried out by

1. Mr. DANIEL JOSHUA DSOUZA 4MW16ME028

2. Mr. DERRIC CALVIN G 4MW16ME031
3. Mr. NISHAN 4MW16ME052
4. Mr. SHETTY PAURUSH KRISHNA 4MW16ME086
who are bonafide students of SMVITM, Bantakal, in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering
in Mechanical Engineering discipline of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the year
2018-2019. It is certified that all the corrections/suggestions indicated during the internal assessment have been
incorporated in the report. The project report presented has been approved, as it satisfies the academic
requirement in respect of project work prescribed by the University for the award of the degree.

Mr. V. Vijendra Bhat Dr. Sudarshan Rao K Dr. Thirumaleshwara Bhat

Assistant Professor, Professor & Head, Principal,
Department of ME, Department of ME, SMVITM, Bantakal
SMVITM, Bantakal SMVITM, Bantakal

External Viva
Name of the Examiner Signature with date

1………………………….. ………………………..

2…………………………... ………………………..
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It’s our proud privilege and duty to acknowledge the kind help and guidance received from several
people in completion of this project. It would not have been possible to complete this project in this
form without their valuable help, cooperation and guidance.

We are ineffably indebted to Prof. Dr. Thirumaleshwara Bhat, Principal, Shri Madhwa Vadiraja
Institute of Technology and Management for providing us an opportunity to work on this project.

We pay my deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Dr. Sudarshan Rao, H.O.D., Department of Mechanical
Engineering for his constant support throughout end of the project, encourage us to highest peak and
grant us access to lab whenever required.

We owe our deep sense of gratitude to our project guide Mr. V. Vijendra Bhat, Asst. Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, who took keen interest on our project work and guided us
all along, till the completion of our project work by providing all the necessary information, providing
his valuable suggestion for developing a good system and helping us to complete the report in required
format.

We express my deep sense of appreciation, gratitude and indebtedness to our project co-ordinators, Dr.
H. Udaya Prasanna and Dr. Ganesh Kalagi, Sr. Asst. Professor, Department of Mechanical
Engineering for being generous and helpful during entire course of this project completion.

We would also be indebted to thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff of the Mechanical
Engineering Department for their help and co-operation without which the project would have been an
insurmountable task.

Finally, we would like to express our profound gratitude to our parents and friends who have helped us
in every conceived manner with their valuable suggestions, encouragement and moral support.

DANIEL JOSHUA DSOUZA

DERRIC CALVIN G

NISHAN

SHETTY PAURUSH KRISHNA

i
 ABSTRACT

Coconut is the main crop of the coastal region with annual production of 16789 million
nuts. India is the world's third largest producer of coconuts, producing 10,894,000 tons in
2009. Dehusking is the important post harvest operation, which is necessary step towards
making the coconut ready for the further utilization. Also it gives husk, which is
important material for coir processing industry. Considering the drawbacks of manual
dehusking methods, power operated coconut dehusker was developed. This power operated
coconut dehusker operates on 1-phase, 1.5 hp electric motor. It consists of main parts like
frame, electric motor, speed reduction unit and dehusking unit. The dehusking unit
consists of two rollers with blades around the surface area and a third roller with rubber flaps
which is mounted above the rollers. The blades on the roller upon rotation penetrate into
the husk and pull it away from the coconut. Tests were carried out to examine the
performance of the developed dehusker and different parameters like average time
requirement, dehusking efficiency, capacity of dehusker, damage percentage, average
power requirement etc. Single person is required for operating the dehusker. During the
tests, Dehusking efficiency was 90.0 percent. Capacity of dehusker is 250-300 nuts / hour.

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………….………..…...……………………i
ABSTRACT…………..…………….…..…………………………………………….. ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS …….……....……………………………………………iii
LIST OF FIGURES ……………….……….………..…………………………...…iv
LIST OF TABLES …………….….………….....…………………………………...v
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General Information about coconut 1
1.2 Need For Coconut Dehusking Machine 2
CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES 3

CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW 4

3.1 Summary 9
CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY 10
4.1 Computer Aided Design 10
4.2 Power requirement calculation 13
4.3 Components used 15
CHAPTER 5 WORKING PRINCIPLE 23
5.1 Working 23
CHAPTER 6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24

CHAPTER 7 FUTURE SCOPE 25

CHAPTER 8 CONCULSION 26

CHAPTER 9 COST ANALYSIS 27

REFERENCES 28

CONTACT DETAILS..………………………………....…………………..……...29

iii
 LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 1.1 Coconut 1
Fig. 4.1: Flow chart 10
Fig. 4.2: Front view in CATIA V5R20 11
Fig. 4.3: Side view in CATIA V5R20 11
Fig. 4.4: Top view in CATIA V5R20 12
Fig. 4.5: Isometric view in CATIA V5R20 12
Fig. 4.6: 1.5HP Motor 16
Fig. 4.7: Worm wheel reduction box 17
Fig. 4.8: roller with blades 17
Fig. 4.9: Roller with rubber flaps 18
Fig. 4.10: Pillow block bearing 19
Fig. 4.11: Shaft 19
Fig. 4.12: Main frame 20
Fig. 4.13: Belts 21
Fig. 4.14: Pulley 21
Fig. 4.15: Lever operated electric switch 22

iv
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 10.1: Cost analysis 27

v
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 General Information about coconut:

The coconut palm is found all over the globe, where it has mingled into the lives of the local
People Coconut is native to coastal areas of Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia,
Indonesia, Philippines and westward towards the coastal India, Sri Lanka, East Africa, and tropical
islands such as Seychelles, Andaman and Mauritius.

Figure 1.1 Coconut

An individual coconut fruit shown in figure1.1 is made up of an outer exo-carp, a thick fibrous
fruit coat known as husk; underneath is the hard protective endocarp or shell. The nut varies from
147 to196mm in diameter and 245 to 294mm long. Three sunken holes of softer tissue called
"eyes" are at one end of the nut. Inside the shell is a thin, white, fleshy layer, about 12.25mm
thick at maturity, known as the "coconut meat". The interior of the nut is hollow and partially
filled with a watery liquid a called "coconut milk". The meat is soft and jelly-like when
immature and becomes firm at maturity. The coconut milk is abundant in unripe fruits but
it is gradually absorbed as ripening proceeds. The meat of immature coconut fruit can be
made into ice cream while that of a mature coconut fruit can be eaten fresh or used for
making shredded coconut and livestock feed. Coconut milk is a refreshing and nutritious
drink while its oil is use for cooking and making margarine. Coconut oil is also very

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 1

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

important in soap production. The shell is used for fuel purpose, shell gasifier as an alternate
source of heat energy. The husk yields fibres used in the manufa cture of coir products
such as coir carpets, coir geo-textile, coir composite, coir safety belts, coir boards, coir
asbestos and coir pith. It provides almost all the requirements of humans such as food, drink,
fire woods, medicines, domestic utensils etc. Because of these reasons, it has been called the
"tree of heaven" and "tree of life”

1.2 Need For Coconut Dehusking Machine

Although coconut is of immense economic importance to both the industrialist and rural
Dwellers, separation of its husk from the nut (de-husking) constitutes the first, most
difficult a nd dangerous operation in its processing. The use of cutlass which is the popular
traditional method for coconut de-husking poses threat and danger to the life of people
involved, since on the process of de-husking, some cut their hands, and face as the cutlass
usually bounces back on hitting the husk. The use of metal spike was later developed to
overcome these negative features of de-husking of the fruit with machet but this later
development focused only on extraction of coconut meat even though accident, time
and energy consumption was reduced. The search for a device that will enable effective
recovery of other products of this fruit such as the milk, shell and fiber continued due to the
importance of these coconut by-products in modem technological applications. Thus, a coconut
de-husking machine was developed in Malaysia in 1986. Although this machine separates husk
and the nut, thereby facilitates effective recovery of the fruits meat, milk and shell, its major
problems of nut breakage and high cost of production and maintenance hinders its popularity.
Therefore a machine is to be designed and developed to de-husk the coconut in order to
overcome the negative aspects of the previously designed machines.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 2

 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

CHAPTER 2
OBJECTIVES

• Fabrication of coconut dehusking machine with rubber flaps to reduce the crushing of
nuts during dehusking process
• To achieve a production rate of 300 coconuts per hour
• To achieve dehusking efficiency of 90%

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 3

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE REVIEW

Mr. R. M. Sabale Dr. K.P, et al., Worked on Design and Development of a Coconut Dehusker
for Small Scale Coir Industry and Marginal Farmers, has made attempts to perform coconut
dehusking manually as well as mechanized. Dehusking with traditional hand tools like machete or a
spike depends on the skill of worker and involves training. The current machine conceived shall have
main parts like deshuking unit mounted on a frame with electric motor as a power source along with
speed reducing unit. The dehusking unit shall have a pair of cylindrical rollers with tynes (cutting
pins) on its surface. These rollers will rotate in opposite direction with different speeds so that the
tynes will penetrate into the husk and tear it away from the shell. The present work aims to develop
a semi-automatic power operated coconut dehusking machine with eliminating the drawbacks of
previously developed tools and machinery. The proposed machine makes use of rotating cylinders
with cutting tynes attached over their surface, which rolls in opposite direction to remove the husk
from the shell of coconut. A provision to adjust the distance between rotating cylinders is made to
accommodate various sizes of coconuts due to change in variety and maturity. The cutting tynes are
attached to the cylinders with fasteners so that easy replacement of damaged tynes is possible.
Accordingly, the proposed machine was designed thoroughly, manufactured and tested. [1]

B. N. Nwankwojike, et al., Worked on, Development of a Coconut Dehusking Machine for Rural
Small Scale Farm Holders, ’s project focuses on the dehusking of coconut without the dependency
of the machine on electrical supply. The coconut dehusking machine comprised Performance test
analysis conducted shows that the machine dehusks coconut fruits without nut breakage and
distortion of the extracted fiber length and also that its average dehusking efficiency and capacity
are 93.45% and 79 coconuts per hour. All materials used in the fabrication of this machine are of
standard specifications and locally sourced. The machine also eliminated dependency on the
epileptic public electric power supply in our rural areas which constitutes the major obstacle in the
use of other mechanized coconut dehusking equipment in the rural areas. [2]

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 4

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

B. T. Nijaguna, et al., Worked on Coconut Dehusker, which involves using mechanized press
to dehusk the coconut. There consists of a lever mechanism where 3 blades are present in the
upper surface and one at the bottom of the dehusker. The three blades pierce through the coconut
on the upper surface to detach the coconut husk with help of a moving blade attached to it. The
husk is then peeled into three pieces. At the bottom part of the blade removes any remaining
husk present in then coconut. When tested, the results showed that although the piercing
operation was satisfactory, only the husk close to the three slits was separated from the shell.
The subsequent twisting action given to the bottom blade set, though shearing some of the husk
from the shell, did not completely remove it from the shell, the partly detached husk wrapping
itself around the nut. A skilled worker using a spike dehusks 70-80 nuts per hour, as against
250 with the present unit, and with less fatigue by using this device. Hence benefits accrue to
both operators and farmers. [3]

Prof. Vijay Kumar G Tile, et al., Worked on Design and Fabrication of Pneumatic
Operated Coconut Dehusking Machine, the working principle of the pneumatic coconut husk
remover is same as that of pneumatic punching machine. It consists of three double acting
cylinders, hand lever valve, sequencing valve, pneumatic operated holder and tool. The
sequencing valve and hand lever valve helps to supply compressed air with high pressure is let
inside the pneumatic cylinder. The dehusking of coconut is done by placing coconut in the
pneumatic operated holding mechanism. The husk is loosened a lot which can be easily
removed by hand. The main objective of this machine is to remove the coconut shell and to
eliminate the skilled labor involved in dehusking. An alternative is suggested in this project
which reduces time involved in coconut dehusking and human effort. The machine is designed
to accommodate different sizes of the coconut that are cultivated anywhere in the world. The
pneumatic operated coconut dehusking has been developed for small scale industries in
agriculture and rural areas. The operation of machine is so simple and involves less moving
parts so requires less maintenance. The machine can also be used for further processing steps
such as the production of copra.

 The Fabricated model is simple, efficient, requires less time and space, cost
effective when compared with other existing machines.

 The overall performance of pneumatic coconut dehusking machine is

satisfactory by husking coconut efficiently and economically [4]

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 5

 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

John Paul D. Galvan, et al., Worked on Design and Development of a Motorized

Coconut Dehusking Machine, The power produced by the prime mover is transmitted to the
system through a series of belts and pulleys, and sprockets and chains. The power transmitted
into the lower roller was transmitted to the upper roller through a sprocket-chain connection.
The fixed rollers as spikes designed to penetrate into the husk and pull it apart. And to
facilitate de-husking of different size of coconut an adjustable tension lever will pushes the
nuts though springs was attached adjacent to the two rollers The performance evaluated in
terms of dehusking capacity, de-husking efficiency, percent nut damage and energy
consumption at different angular speeds of dehusking rollers and different nominal diameters
of nuts indicated that the dehusking capacity was dependent on the angular speed and
nominal diameter of coconut as well as their interaction. A dehusking capacity of 271 nuts
per hour was obtained at an angular speed of 60 rpm. A dehusking efficiency of 100% was
obtained when the machine was operated at angular speed of 50 rpm and 70 rpm using
different nominal diameter of nuts ranging from 212 mm to 248 mm and 248 mm,
respectively. The dehusking efficiency decreased to 67% when the machine was operated
60 rpm using nuts with nominal diameter of 178 mm. the percent nut damage was dependent
on the nominal diameter of coconuts. There was no damage nuts obtained when the machine
was operated at dehusking rollers’ angular speed ranging from 50 rpm to 70 rpm using
different nominal diameters of coconut ranging from 178mm to 248mm. The highest energy
consumption of 0.02506 kW-hours was obtained at an angular speed of 70 rpm using
coconut nominal diameter of 248 mm. [5]

Dany Thomas, et al., Worked on DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF LOW COST

COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE, The experimental setup of this project consists
of a frame on which the entire components are mounted. The dehusker is present at the
Centre which is delivered motion with the help of a motor and the chain drive. Also at the
top of the dehusker, a plate is mounted which helps to prevent the slipping of the coconut
fibres while the dehusking operation. Placing the coconut on the rollers which having
spikes, the rollers are connected with shaft which is rotated by an electric motor. Thus the
husk can peel of due to the opposing motion of rotating rollers. The machine can dehusk
an average of 200 coconuts per hour. This machine in the farm areas can reduce the risk
involved in the use of spikes in dehusking the coconut and also eliminates the skilled
manpower required for dehusking the coconuts. [6]

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 6

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

Krishnan.R, et al., Worked on Design and fabrication of an economical coconut

Dehusking machine proposed dehusking machine which is driven my motor and it peels
the husk from the dry coconut with the help of systematically arranged spikes on shafts.
The dry coconuts are placed in between the two shafts. The shafts have spikes welded on
them and rotate in opposite directions The rolling motion of the roller shafts allows the
spikes to penetrate the husk and peel them off the nuts. The machine provides a good
productivity with less human interaction. It does not need skilled labor and ha low
maintenance. It can be easily dismantled and carried from one place to another with ease.
The future scope of this work is to overcome the limitation of coconut size that could be
dehusked and to automate the process of loading and unloading of the coconut. [7]

S.D.S. Piyathissa, et al., Worked on Introducing an appropriate mechanical way for

Coconut dehusking, specially designed lever system which has two fulcrums was used to
give a straight downward motion to the set of blades. Blades set consisted of four sharp,
pointed blades, made of steel and connected to the system of bended blade hands. Shape of
the blades was designed considering the fiber arrangement inside the coconut husk. The
blade hands were designed to a special shape to operate the blades set in such a way to
penetrate into the husk without damaging the nut and then spreading them to detach the
husk while retaining the soft eye covering part. In this method, operator’s only
responsibility is to operate the lever and there should be an extra person to adjust the fruit
and remove the nut after de-husking. Operators do not need to have any special skill to
operate the machine and even a women operator can operate the machine as it requires
minimal effort (50kg). Safety of the operators could be assured at 100%, as no casualties
were recorded during the evaluation procedure. Retaining of the soft eye covering upper
husk part is a special advantage for the shelf life of a coconut. This mechanism may be
further developed to modify the lever to couple with the three point linkage of a four -
wheeled tractor, to facilitate operation with hydraulic power. [8]

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 7

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

P.A.Wadile, et al., Worked on Design and Development of Coconut Dehusking Machine ,

 Foot Operated Coconut Dehusking Tool :-

The blades are operated on the force exerted by foot. The blades are also attached to the spring.
When the force is released the blades goes to their original position. It requires 4 to 5 repetitions
for complete dehusking he coconut. Firstly the coconut is strike onto the blades and then by
foot the forced is applied so that the blades are opened i.e. moves away tearing the husk from
the shell of coconut. When the force is removed due to inertia in spring the blades are forced to
return to the own position. Such operation is a tiring and time consuming operation. Also when
force has to apply by foot hence the operator loses his stability and it may lead to accident.

 Hand Operated Coconut Dehusking Machine :-

In this mechanism the coconut has to be put on top side of iron bar which made of two knobs.
When we apply the force on leaver as shown the fig. the coconut press to knobs of iron bar and
fiber of coconuts will be dehusked. In this operation we can dehusked one coconut at one time
only. By this type of machine we can’t dehusked large amount of coconut. Its installation cost
is also low. It is mostly use in rural areas, villages.

 virtual Coconut Dehusking Machine:-

Feeding mechanism consists of main pipe, feeding pipe and hopper. Main pipe is having hollow
cylindrical shape. The piston moves inside the main pipe and also coconut falls through this.
Main pipe is placed just above the cutting blades such that the coconut gets placed at the required
position on blades as shown in assembly. Feeding pipe is also designed same as that of main
pipe and is inclined with the main pipe at an angle of 30˚. At this particular angle the coconut
slides over feeding pipe as required for the dehusking process. Hopper is conical in shape and is
narrowed at the feeding pipe end. There are four blades used to dehusk the coconut. This will
give the efficient dehusking.

 Hydraulic Coconut Dehusking Machine:-

Consists of electric motor, hydraulic system, arm-like structure, holding mechanism. The de-
husking machine is powered by an electric motor which was attached to hydraulic system. On
pulling the lever upwards by one hand, the movable blade or wedge placed on the load arm of
the lever swings away from the stationary blade loosening a sector of the husk from the nut. By
repeating twice or thrice the husk can be completely separated from the coconut. But it is not so

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 8

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

good for large scale husking. To process such a large number of production of coconuts some
suitable mechanism needs to be identified or suitable mechanism needs to be selected. [9]

Y. Prashant, et al., Worked on Design and Development of Coconut Fiber Extraction Machine
Opportunity to develop a compact coconut fiber extraction machine which could be used in
remote villages so that unutilized husks from such areas could be tapped and fiber could be
made available to the Coir Industry directly. [10]

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 9

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE
REVIEW

DESIGN

MATERIAL
SELECTION

FABRICATION

TESTING

FIG 4.1 FLOW CHART

4.1 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN:

Computer aided design or CAD has very broad meaning and can be defined as
the use of computers in creation, modification, analysis and optimization of a design. CAE
(Computer Aided Engineering) is referred to computers in engineering analysis like
stress/strain, heat transfer, and flow analysis. CAD/CAE is said to have more potential to
radically increase productivity than any development since electricity. CAD/CAE builds
quality form concept to final product. Instead of bringing in quality control during the final
inspection it helps to develop a process in which quality is there through the life cycle of the
product. CAD/CAE can eliminate the need for prototypes. But it required prototypes can be
used to confirm rather predict performance and other characteristics. CAD/CAE is employed
in numerous industries like manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, casting, mould making,
plastic, electronics and other general-purpose industries. CAD/CAE systems can be broadly
divided into low end, mid end and high-end systems. In this project, CATIA V5R20 software
is used for designing and modelling

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 10

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

FIG 4.2 FRONT VIEW IN CATIA V5R20

FIG 4.3 SIDE VIEW IN CATIA V5R20

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 11

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

FIG 4.4 TOP VIEW IN CATIA V5R20

FIG 4.5 ISOMETRIC VIEW IN CATIA V5R20

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 12

 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

4.2 POWER REQUIREMENT CALCULATION:

Power required to dehusk a coconut = 200N

Torque required to dehusk a coconut, T = F × r
r = Radius of the roller + blade height
= 0.07 + 0.025
= 0.095m.
Torque, T = 200 × 0.095
= 19 N-m.
𝜋𝐷𝑁
Velocity of dehusking point, V =
60
𝜋 ×0.19 ×40
=
60

= 0.398 m/s.
2𝜋𝑁𝑇
Power required to drive the roller shaft, P =
60
2 × 𝜋 ×40 ×19
=
60

= 79.587 watts.
Considering FOS of 2, P = 79.587 × 2
= 159.174 watts.

Weight of the shaft, W 1 = ρAL

𝜋
= 7.86 × 10-3 × × (142 – 13.22) × 60
4

= 12.074 Kg
Weight of the roller, W2 = 7Kg.
Weight of the end plates, W 3 = 5Kg.
Weight of the blades, W 4 = 1Kg
Total weight of the roller, W = W 1 + W2 + W3 + W4
W = 12.074 + 7 + 5 + 1
= 25.074Kg.
There are three roller shafts, W = 25.07 × 3
W = 75.21 Kg

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 13

 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

Weight of the gears, belts and pulley, bearings = 35Kg.

Overall moving forces = (75.21 + 35) × 10

= 1102.1N
Average diameter of the moving masses = 20cm
Torque, T = F × r
10
= 1102.1 ×
100

= 110.2 N-m.
2𝜋𝑁𝑇
Power, P =
60
2 × 𝜋 ×40 ×110.2
=
60

= 461.60 watts.
Considering FOS of 2, P = 461.60 × 2
= 923.209 watts.
Total power required = 159.174 + 923.209
P = 1082.383 watts
1082.383
Motor rating =
746

= 1.451HP.

Pulley calculation:
Diameter of the pulley attached to the motor = 3 inch.
Diameter of the pulley attached to the input side of gearbox = 7 inch.
Diameter of the pulley attached to the output side of gearbox = 2.5 inch.
Diameter of the pulley attached to the roller shaft = 9 inch.
Speed of the motor = 1400rpm.
3
Speed at the input shaft of the gear box = 1400 ×
7

= 600 rpm
600
Speed at the output shaft of the gear box =
4

= 150 rpm
2.5
Speed at the roller = 150 ×
9

= 41 rpm.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 14

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

4.3 COMPONENTS USED:

 1.5HP Motor

 Worm wheel gearbox

 Roller with blades

 Roller with rubber flaps

 Shaft

 bearings

 Main Frame

 Belts and pulley

 Lever operated electric switch

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 15

 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

4.3.1 1.5HP Motor

Electric motor is the one which converts electric energy into mechanical energy. From the
calculations for power requirement to drive the mechanism, 1.5HP motor is procured. From the
manufactures claim the motor output power is 1.5HP and the speed is 1400rpm. The speed can be
reduced using the reduction gear box.

FIG 4.6 1.5HP MOTOR

4.3.2 Worm wheel reduction box

Worm wheel principle is used in the reduction gear box. It is mainly used in the area where the
high speed is to be reduced and thus increasing the torque. Electric motors are generally high speed
and low torque, hence the speed needs to be reduced and torque needs to be increased to dehusk
the coconut. A readily available gear box is procured for this machine. It has the gear ratio of 4:1.
That is 4 rotations of input shaft turns the output shaft by one rotation. The 1 st step of speed
reduction takes place here when considering this machine. Next step is by the belt and pulley
arrangement.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 16

 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

Fig 4.7 WORM WHEEL REDUCTION BOX

4.3.3 Roller with blades

The de-husking unit comprises of two rollers, two roller shafts and two spur gears. Each roller was
formed by welding six blades of height of 25mm and 140mm diameter mild steel pipe of length
600mm which is mounted on a mild steel shaft of 30mm diameter and length of 1000mm. the
blades are welded around the surface of the roller. Six rows of blades are welded at equal intervals
of 60 degree.

FIG 4.8 ROLLER WITH BLADES

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 17

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

4.3.2 Roller with rubber flaps

The dehusking unit comprises of a third roller which has rubber flaps mounted to it. The rubber
flaps are bolted in between two L shaped mild steel clamps which intern is welded to the roller.
It is mounted above the roller with blades. It pushes the nut after the nut has been dehusked.
Each rubber flap has a width of 600mm and a height of 150mm. the thickness of the rubber flaps
is 5mm. it rotates in anticlockwise direction.

FIG 4.9 ROLLER WITH RUBBER FLAPS

4.3.3 Bearings

A pillow block (or Plummer block) is a pedestal used to provide support for a rotating shaft
with the help of compatible bearings & various accessories. Housing material for a pillow
block is typically made of cast iron or cast steel.

A pillow block usually refers to a housing with an included anti-friction bearing. A

pillow block refers to any mounted bearing wherein the mounted shaft is in a parallel plane to
the mounting surface, and perpendicular to the centre line of the mounting holes, as contrasted
with various types of flange blocks or flange units. A pillow block may contain a bearing with
one of several types of rolling elements, including ball, cylindrical roller, spherical roller,
tapered roller, or metallic or synthetic bushing. The type of rolling element defines the type of
pillow block. These differ from "Plummer blocks" which are bearing housings supplied
without any bearings and are usually meant for higher load ratings and a separately installed
bearing.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 18

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

FIG 4.10 PILLOW BLOCK BEARING

4.3.6 SHAFT

In this Project the shaft is fixed to the rollers. The power is transmitted from the motor with the
help of pulleys which rotates the gear box reducing the speed which intern rotates the shaft. The
shaft is made of Mild Steel that is turned in the lathe machine for 30mm.

FIG 4.11 SHAFT

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 19

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

4.3.6 Main frame

The frame is the main component on which the other components of the machine are mounted.
The legs of the frame are welded structure construced from 50×50×5mm angular iron with a
dimension of 1000mm in height. Rest of the frame is also a welded structure from 50×50×5
witth a height of 760mm and width 480mm. A frame should be rigid enough to withstand the
vibrations and shocks that would be produced while operating the machine. The legs are wider
because it should take the loads and self-weight.

FIG 4.12 MAIN FRAME

4.3.8 Belts

The v belts act as a transmission belt connecting the v belts are the pulleys. Belts drives are
simple and inexpensive. They protect the motor from overload and jam, damp and isolate the
noise and vibrations. It transmits the rotating motion from the motor to the gear box and then
to the shaft. There is no need for lubrication and maintenance is minimal. It has a high efficiency
of 95-98%.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 20

 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

Fig 4.13 BELTS

4.3.9 Pulley

A pulley is a wheel which is mounted on the shaft that is designed transfer the power between
motor, gearbox and shaft. The pulley is made of cast iron. Four pulleys of diameter 2.5, 3, 7 and
9 inch are used.

Fig 4.14 PULLEY

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 21

 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

4.3.10 Lever operated electric switch

Electric switch is used to switch-ON and switch-OFF the machine. The simple switch is fitted on
the top the frame so that operator can easily access it. It placed near to the left hand of the operator
while he is operating the machine. Not only it serves as the ON/OFF switch element but it acts as
emergency switch whenever there is an emergency. Operator can easily off the switch in case of
an emergency.

FIG 4.15 LEVER OPERATED ELECTRIC SWITCH

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 22

 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

CHAPTER 5

WORKING PRINCIPLE
5.1 WORKING:
This power operated coconut dehusking machine operates on single phase, 1.5 HP electric motor.
It consists of main parts like,
1. Frame
2. Electric motor
3. Power transmission and speed
4. Dehusking unit
Frame was constructed by welding, angle iron to the dimensions of 1000 × 720 × 360mm. using
cast iron. Single phase electric motor of specification 1.5HP, 1400rpm is used. To transmit the
power from the motor to the rollers, with required speed, gearbox and pulley transmission systems
are incorporated. The dehusking unit consists of three rollers among which two rollers are welded
with blades and the third roller has rubber flaps mounted to it. The rollers with blades rotate in
opposite directions with same speed. This causes the tearing effect over the coconut husk. The
third roller with rubber flaps is mounted over the roller with blades which provides grip and results
in effective dehusking. The dehusking process is very simple, place the coconut in between the
two rollers, rotating in opposite directions. The third roller holds the coconut in between the rollers
with blades. as the rollers rotate, blades provided on the periphery will penetrate into the husk and
tear it away. Blades are designed in such a way that it will not cause any damage to the coconut
shell. Thus the dehusking can be done effectively.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 23

 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

CHAPTER 6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

It is assumed that the machine has the capacity to dehusk the commonly available coconut of
different thickness and hardness, effectively. The machine is expected to normally dehusk about
250 to 300 coconuts per hour even though, time require to dehusk is related with the age of coconut.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 24

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

CHAPTER 7

FUTURE SCOPE

 The machine developed is a semi-automatic type; a fully automatic coconut dehusking

machine can be developed.
 A compact and lighter machine can be developed.
 A casing can be provided to the machine for safety purposes.
 For better efficiency belt drive can be replaced by chain drive.
 The machine can be developed to produce better dehusking efficiency.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 25

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION

A coconut dehusking machine which dehusks the coconut without any nut breakage and
without any distortion of the husk was to be developed. The machine is easy to operate and is
has an expected efficiency of 90 and expected capacity of 300 nuts per hour. Introduction if
this machine removes the problem of the breakage of the coconut shell. The risk involved in
the use of cutlass and spikes is removed. The machine build is of low cost and very compact
and it can be utilized upto its potential. A simple mechanism has been implemented to overcome
the high cost barrier and make it affordable for small scale farmers. The machine can provide
a good productivity with less human interaction.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 26

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

CHAPTER 9
COST ANALYSIS

COMPONENT UNIT COST

FRAME 1 ₹ 3000

MOTOR 1 ₹ 6000

GEAR BOX 1 ₹ 4000

PILLOW BLOCK BEARING 6 ₹ 2700

SHAFT 1 ₹ 500

ROLLERS 3 ₹8000

RUBBER FLAPS 1 ₹800

ELECTRIC SWITCH 1 ₹400

GEARS 2 ₹1500

PULLEY AND BELT 3 ₹2500

MISCELLANEOUS ₹ 4000

TOTAL ₹ 33,400

TABLE 9.1 COST ANALYSIS

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 27

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

REFERENCES
1. Mr. R. M. Sabale et al.’s “DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A COCONUT
DEHUSKER FOR SMALL SCALE COIR INDUSTRY AND MARGINAL
FARMERS”, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
Research (IJSETR), Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

2. B. N. Nwankwojike et al.’s “DEVELOPMENT OF A COCONUT DEHUSKING

MACHINE FOR RURAL SMALL SCALE FARM HOLDERS”, International 4
journal of innovative technology and creative engineering (issn:2045-8711) vol.2
no.3 mar 2012

3. B. T. Nijaguna’s “COCONUT DEHUSKER”, Journal of Food Engineering 8

(1988) 287 301 d) Prof. Vijay Kumar G Tile et al.’s “DESIGN AND
FABRICATION OF PNEUMATIC OPERATED COCONUT DEHUSKING
MACHINE”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering
and Technology Vol. 6, Special Issue 15, December 2017

4. John Paul D. Galvan et al.’s “DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A

MOTORIZED COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE”, International Journal for
Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology volume 6 Issue II,
February 2018

5. Dany Thomas, et al.’s “ DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF LOW COST

COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE”, International Journal of Engineering
Research and General Science Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June, 2017

6. S.D.S. Piyathissa et al.’s “INTRODUCING AN APPROPRIATE MECHANICAL

WAY FOR COCONUT DEHUSKING”, International Conference of
Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka 2015 (ICSUSL 2015)

7. Krishnan.R et al.’s “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN ECONOMICAL

COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE”, International Journal of Engineering &
Technology 7 (2.8) (2018) 588-591

8. Amal PV et al.’s “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING

MACHINE”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

9. Chandra Dinanath et al.’s “COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE” ,Caribbean

Industrial Research Institute, Trinidad and Tabago, Trinidad and Tobago Nov. 24,
1987

10. Fithra Herdian et al.’s “DEVELOPMENT OF COCONUT DEHUSKER

MACHINE FOR SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY”, Journal of Applied Agricultural
Science and Technology Vol.6 309-318 (2019)

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 28

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

CONTACT DETAILS

NISHAN
USN: 4MW16ME052
Email-id:nishanjathan@gmail.com
Phone No: +91 9448916681

DANIEL JOSHUA DSOUZA

USN: 4MW16ME028
Email-id: djoushdsouza5@gmail.com
Phone No: +91 8722164076

DERRIC CALVIN G
USN: 4MW16ME031
Email-id: derriccalving89@gmail.com
Phone No: +91 6363353762

SHETTY PAURUSH KRISHNA

USN: 4MW16ME086
Email-id: paurush98@gmail.com
Phone No: +91 7506450514

PROJECT GUIDE

Mr. V. VIJENDRA BHAT

Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical engineering
Shri Madhwa Vadiraja Institute of Technology and Management Bantakal
Email-id: vijendra.mech@sode-edu.in
Phone No: +91 99643 79957

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SMVITM, Bantakal Page 29