Paper: Biochemistry

Semester: 1st batch 3rd

1.5% solution of which of the following compounds is isotonic to plasma:

a. Sucrose
b. KCl
c. NaCl
d. Glucose
e. Fructose

2. A Polysaccharide which acts as plasma expander:

a. Inulin
b. Dextran
c. Amylose
d. Glycogen
e. Cellulose

3. The repeating unit in Hyaluronic acid is:

a. Glucuronic acid and Galactose
b. Glucuronic acid and galactosamine
c. Glucuronic acid and glucosamine
d. Glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine
e. Glucuronic acid and N-acetyl galactosamine

4. Depot fats of mammalian cells comprise mostly of:

a. Cholesterol
b. Cholesterol esters
c. Phospholipids
d. Cerebrosides
e. Triacylglycerol
5. A fatty acid which is not synthesized in human body and has to be
supplied in the diet:
a. Palmitic acid
b. Oleic acid
c. Linoleic acid
d. Stearic acid
e. Valeric acid.

6. Rancidity of butter is prevented by the addition of:

a. Vitamin D
b. Tocopherols
c.Biotin
d. Copper
e. Lead

7. A deficiency of which of the following vitamins is associated with the

occurrence of neural tube defects:
a. Thiamine
B. niacin
C. riboflavin
D. folic acid
E. biotin

8. Which of the following vitamins provides the cofactor for pyruvate

dehydrogenase?
a. Folic acid
b. Niacin
c. Riboflavin
d.Thiamine
e. pyridoxine
9. to prevent rickets in case of chronic renal disorders, which of the
following Substances should be administered?
a. Cholecalciferol
b. Ergocalciferol
C. 25-OH-calciferol
d. 1,25-di-OH Cholecalciferol
e. High dietary calcium

10. The visual impulse is associated with the:

a. Transport of cis-retinal from liver to retina,
b. Dissociation of Rhodopsin into transretinal and opsin
c. Dissociation of Rhodopsin into cis-retinal and opsin
d. Condensation of opsin with trans-retinal
e. Reduction of NADP+

11. Which one of the following elements is present in Thyroid hormone –

(Thyroxin):
a. Chlorine
b. bromine
c. Iodine
d. Phosphorus
e. Sulfur

12. Which one of the following element is component of Vitamin B12:

a. Cu
b. Mn
c. Mg
d. Co
e.Fe
13. Iron is absorbed from:
a. Stomach
b. Duodenum and jejunum
c. Ileum
d. Caecum
e. Transverse colon

14. In case of Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration), the features

include all of the following except:
a. Progressive hepatic cirrhosis
b. Kayser-Fleischer ring
c. Aminoaciduria
d. Urinary excretion of Cu is decreased
e. Low levels of caeruloplasmin

15. Which of the following enzyme typically elevated in alcoholism:

a.Serum ALP
b.Serum GOT
c.Serum gamma–GT
d.Serum acid phosphatase
e.Serum LDH

16. All of the following are sulfur containing amino acids found in proteins
except:
a. Cysteine
b. Threonine
c. Cystine
d. Methionine
e. Homocysteine
17. Histones are proteins which:
a. Are indential to protamiens
b. Are proteins rich in lysine and arginine
c. Are covalently bound to DNA
d. Have high molecular weights
e. None of the above

18.Which of the following immunoglobulins can cross the placenta?

a. IgM
b. IgG
c. IgA
d. IgE
e. IgD

19. in liver cells, bilirubin is conjugated with:

a. Glucose
b. Cholic acid
c. Glycine
d. Glucuronic acid
e. Iduronic acid

20. Degradation of Hb takes place in:

a. Mitochondrion
b. Erythrocytes
c. Cytosol of cell
d. Reticuloendothelial cells
e. All of the above
21. Which of the values below is nearest to the concentration of hydrogen
ions in blood?
a) 4M
b) 7 M
c) 6 M
d) 0.00000004M
e) 0.0001M

22. Pantothenic acid is a constituent of a Co-enzyme involved in which of the

following reactions:
a) Decarboxylation
b) Acetylation
c) Dehydrogenation
d) Reduction
e)Oxidation

24. Which of the following Co-enzyme is required for the Heme synthesis?
a) CoA
b) NADP
c) FAD
d) NAD
e) Pyridoxal phosphate

25. Cystic Fibrosis is due to defective:

a) Cl- ion channel
b) Na+ ion channel
c) Ca ++ ion channel
d) K+ ion channel
e) Ligands channel

26. An infant suffering from respiratory distress syndrome may have in alveoli
deficient amount of:
a) Plasmalogen
b) Cephalins
c) Dipalmitoyl lecithin
d) Lysolecithin
e) Sphingomyelin

27. In multiple myeloma, the protein excreted in urine may be:

a) Albumin
b) Bence-jones protein
c) Haptoglobin
d) Alpha-globulin
e) Hemoglobin

28. Physostigmine an anticholinestrase is used to treat:

a) Parkinsonism
b) Myasthenia gravis
c) Hypertension
d) Glaucoma
e) Arthritis

29. Which of the following compound is the direct precursor for the Heme
nitrogen atoms?
a) Alanine
b) Glycine
c) Tyrosine
d) Histidine
e) Leucine

30. A 4-year old infant develops severe Jaundice and is found to have
complete lack of UDP-glucuronyl Transferase. Which of the following
disorders does the infant have?
a) Crigler-Najjar syndrome
b) Gilbert syndrome
c) Dubin johnson syndrome
d) Hereditary Orotic aciduria
e) Gout

31. Which one of the following participates in blood coagulation process?

a) Ascorbic acid
b) Retinoic acid
c) Tocopherol
d) Calciferol
e) Phylloquinone

32. Select the one of the following statements that is NOT correct?
a) Bilirubin is a cyclic tetrapyrrole
b) Bilirubin is carried in the plasma to the liver bound to albumin
c) High levels of bilirubin can cause damage to the brains of newborn infants
d) Bilirubin contains methyl and vinyl groups
e) Bilirubin does not contain iron

33. Which of the following vitamins provides the cofactor for Transamination
of amino acids?
a) Folate
b) Niacin
c) Riboflavin
d) Thiamin
e) Vitamin B6
34. Which lipids tend to prevent fatty liver?
a) Cardiolipin
b) Lecithin
c) Plasmalogen
d) Triglycerides
e) Cholesterol
35. Hydroxylation of Vitamin D occurs at two sites:
a) Stomach and liver
b) Liver and pancreas
c) Kidney and stomach
d) Liver and kidney
e) Brain and kidney

36. Chromium is essential because it:

a) Catalyzes oxidative process
b) Stops oxidative processes
c) Acts as antioxidant
d) Potentiates insulin action
e) Reduces ferric to ferrous form

37. In humans all of the following amino acids are essential except:
a) Valine
b) Isoleucine
c) Methionine
d) Tyrosine
e) None

38. A patient was tentatively diagnosed with Alzheimer disease. Which one
of the following best describes the disease?
a) It is associated with β-amyloid—an abnormal protein with an altered amino acid
sequence.
b) It results from accumulation of denatured proteins that have random
conformations.
c) It is associated with the accumulation of amyloid precursor protein.
d) It is associated with the deposition of neurotoxic amyloid peptide aggregates.
e) It is an environmentally produced disease uninfluenced by the genetics of the
individual.

39. the Michaelis constant, Km is:

a) Numerically equal to ½ Vmax.
b) Dependent on the enzyme concentration.
c) Independent of ph.
d) Numerically equal to the substrate concentration that gives half-maximal
velocity.
e) Increased in the presence of a noncompetitive inhibitor

40. Saliva causes the digestion mainly of:

a. Proteins
b. Fats
c. Carbohydrates
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

41. Which of the following hormones is responsible for the secretion of

Gastric juice?
a. Cholecystokinin
b. Gastrin
c. Insulin
d. Intrinsic factor e. Secretin
42. The only glycolytic enzyme that cleaves a carbon-carbon bond is:
a. Enolase
b. Triose phosphate Isomerase
c. Phosphoglycerate kinase
d. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
e. Aldolase

43. All the following compounds are intermediates of TCA cycle except:
a. Malate
b. Pyruvate
c. Oxaloacetate
d. Fumarate
e. Succinate

44. Complete oxidation of glucose into CO2, H2O yields:

a. 8 ATPs
b. 12 ATPs
c. 30 ATPs
d. 35 ATPs
e. 38 ATPs

45. Enzymes of Kreb’s Cycle are present in:

a. Mitochondria
b. Endoplasmic reticulum
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Microsome
e. Cytosol

46. in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA which of the following co-
enzyme is not involved?
a. TPP
b. Lipoic Acid
c. NADP
d. NAD
e. FAD
51. The major mechanism for disposal of ammonia in liver is through
formation of:
a. Urea
b. Uric acid
c. Creatinine
d. Glutamine
e. Asparagine

52. Which of the following enzymes are responsible for the synthesis of uric
acid?
a. Xanthine Oxidase
b. PRPP Synthetase
C. Adenyl Succinate Synthetase
d. Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl Transferase.
e. Folic acid reductase

53. In t-RNA molecules, there is a ‘loop’ which contains a minor base:

a. Cytosine
b. Dihydrocytosine
c. Thymine
d. Dihydrouracil
e. Uracil

54. The melting temperature of DNA (Tm) is:

a. Directly proportional to A-T content
b. Directly proportional to G-C content
c. Not related to base composition at all
d. Directly proportional to the length of DNA
e. None of the above

55. in mammalian cells, ribosomal RNA is produced mainly in the:

a. Nucleus
b. Nucleolus
c. Ribosome
d. Golgi apparatus
e. Endoplasmic reticulum

56. Polysome do not contain:

a. Protein
b. DNA
C. m-RNA
D. t-RNA
E. r-RNA

57. Which of the following genes of the E. coli “Lac operon”codes for a
constitutive protein?
a. The a gene
b. The i gene
c. The c gene
d. The z gene
e. The p gene

58. Another name for reverse transcriptase is:

a. DNA dependent DNA polymerase
b. DNA dependent RNA polymerase
c. RNA dependent DNA polymerase
d. RNA dependent RNA polymerase
e. RNA dependent protein synthetase

59. UDP–Glucose is converted to UDP–glucuronic acid by:

a. ATP
b. GTP
c. NADP+
d. NAD+
e. FAD

60. in the normal resting state of humans, most of the blood glucose brunt
as ‘fuel’ is consumed by:
a. Liver
b. Brain
c. Kidneys
d. Adipose tissue
e. Muscles

61. A specific inhibitor for Succinate dehydrogenase is:

A. Arsenite
b. Malonate
c. Citrate
d. Cyanide
e. Fluoride

62. Most of metabolic pathways are either anabolic (synthetic) or catabolic

(degradation). Which of the following pathways is considered as “amphibolic”
in nature?
a. Glycogenesis
b. Glycolytic pathway
c. Lipolysis
d. Citric acid cycle
e. Glycogenolysis

63. The “Primaquin sensitivity type” of hemolytic anemia has been found to
be related to reduce RB cells activity of which enzyme?
a. Pyruvate kinase deficiency
b. Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency
C.Glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase deficiency
d. Hexokinase deficiency
e. Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase deficiency.

64. Which of the following enzymes in glycolytic pathway is inhibited by

fluoride?
a. Glyceraldehyde 3-P-dehydrogenase
b. Phosphoglycerate kinase
c. Pyruvate kinase
d. Enolase
e. Aldolase

65. A student takes some tablets he is offered at a disco, and without

asking what they are, he swallows them. A short time later he starts to
hyperventilate and becomes very hot. What is the most likely action of the
tablets he has taken?
a. An inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP Synthesis.
b. An inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport.
c. An inhibitor of the transport of ADP into mitochondria to be phosphorylated.
d. An inhibitor of the transport of ATP out of mitochondria into the cytosol.
e. An uncoupler of mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative
phosphorylation.
66. In respiratory chain CNˉ blocks electron flow from:
a. From cyto a+a3 to O2
b. From cyto c to cyto a+a3
c.From CoQ to cyto bc1
d.From NAD+ to FMN
e. From FMN to CoQ
67. In respiratory chain Amytal blocks electron transport
a. From cyto bc1 to cyto c
b. From cyto c to cyto a+a3
c.From CoQ to cyto bc1
d.From NAD+ to FMN
e. From FMN to CoQ

68. In respiratory chain antimycin A blocks electron transport:

a. From cyto bc1 to cyto c
b. From cyto c to cyto a+a3
c.From CoQ to cyto bc1
d.From NAD+ to FMN
e. From FMN to CoQ

69. Which one of the following is most potent estrogen?

a. Estrone
b. Estradiol
c. Estriol
d. Estriol 16α glucuronide
e. Estriol 3 glucuronide

70. Which one of the following is most potent glucocorticoid?

a. Cortisol
b. Androstendione
c. Corticosterone
d. 11-deoxycorticosterone
e. Dehydroepiandrosterone
71. A 25 year old man visits his GP complaining of abdominal cramps and
diarrhea after drinking milk. What is the most likely cause of his
problem?
a. Bacterial and yeast overgrowth in the large intestine.
b. Infection with the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia.
c. Lack of pancreatic amylase.
d. Lack of small intestinal lactase.
e. Lack of small intestinal sucrose-isomaltase.

72. Which of the plasma lipoproteins is best described as follows:

synthesized in the intestinal mucosa, containing a high concentration of
triacylglycerol and mainly cleared from the circulation by adipose tissue
and muscle?
a. Chylomicrons
b. High-density lipoprotein
c. Intermediate density lipoprotein
d. Low-density lipoprotein
e. Very-low –density lipoprotein
73. Identify the amino acid that is the major contributor of hepatic
gluconeogenesis:
a. Alanine
b. Glutamine
c. Glycine
d. Lysine
e. Ornithine

74. Which is a component of succinate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial

ETC?
a) Cytochrome b
b) Cytochrome c
c) Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
d) Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
e) Coenzyme Q
75. A girl having basal cell carcinomas on her face and showing unusual
sensitivity to light may have which of the following defective process.
a) Repair of double strand bracks
b) Removal of mismatched basis from the 3-end of the ok azaki fragments
c) Removal of pyrimidin dimmers from DNA
d) Removal of uricil from DNA
e) Methylation of newly formed DNA strand

76. A gall stone that block the upper part of the bile would cause in
increase in which of the following?
a) The formation of chylomicron
b) the recycling of bile salts
c) The excretion of bile salts
d) The increased conjugation of bile salts
e) The excretion of fats in the feces.
77. The hypocholesterolemic drugs statinsn are competitive inhibitors of
HMG-CoA reductase, which converts HMG-CoA, to which of the
following?
a) Mevalonate
b) Isopentenyl pyrophosphate
c) Gernyl pyrophosphate
d) Farnesyl pyrophosphate
e) Cholesterol

78. Which of the following hydrolyzes triacylglycerols from chylomicrons and

VLDL to fatty acids and glycerol?
a) Glucokinase
b) Pyruvate carboxylase
c) Lipoprotein lipase
d) Citrate lyase
e) Fatty acid synthase complex
79. The major metabolic product produced under normal circumstances by
erythrocytes and by muscle cells during intense exercise is recycled
through the liver in the Cori cycle. The metabolite is:
a) Oxaloacetate
b) Glycerol
c) Alanine
d) Pyruvate
e) Lactate

80. Which of the following biochemical chang is noted in cushing;s

syndrome, a disease of the adrenal cortex.
a) Decrease production of epinephrine
b) Increase production of epinephrine
c) Excessive production of vasopressin
d) Excessive production of Cortisol e) Decrease production of cortisol
81. A high ratio of insulin to glucagon can:
a) Promote gluconeogenesis
b) Promote glycogenolysis
c) Promote triglyceride storage
d) Occur in type 1 diabetes
e) Occur in the fasting state

82. Maple-syrup urine disease is related to:

a) Phenylalanine metabolism
b) Tyrosine metabolism
c) Branch chain amino acid catabolism
d) Transaminases
e) All non-essential amino acid catabolism

83. In alcaptonuria there is deficiency of:

a) Phenylalanine hydroxylase
b) Carboxylases
c) Homogentisic oxidase
d) Cystatheioninesynthetase
e) Ketoacid dehydrogenase

84. Which of the following hormones is responsible for the secretion of

pancreatic juice?
a) Cholecystokinin
b) Gastrin
c) Insulin
d) Intrinsic factor
e) Secretion

85. In humans, the principal breakdown product of purines is:

a) Ammonia
b) Allantoin
c) Alanine
d) Urea
c) Uric acid

86. All are true about Lesch-Nyhan syndrome except:

a) Produces self-mutilation
b) Genetic deficiency of the enzyme HGPRT
c) Elevated levels of uric acid in blood
d) Inheritence is autosomal recessive
e) Mental retardation

87. Two Nitrogen of the pyrimidine ring are obtained from:

a) Glutamine and Carbamoly-P
b) Aspartate and Carbamoly-P
c) Glutamate and ammonia
d) Glutamine and ammonia
e) Aspartate and ammonia

88. In mammalian cells, ribosomal RNA is produced mainly in the:

a) Nucleus
b) Nucleolus
c) Ribosome
d) Golgi apparatus
e) Endoplasmic reticulum

89. All of the following statements characterize DNA replication except:

a) RNA and DNA chains are linked covalently
b) Growth of the new DNA chains occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction c) Growth
of DNA chain is discontinuous
d) Overall growth of DNA chain is bidirectional
e) DNA is synthesized in a 3’ to 5’ direction on one parental strand and in a 5’ to
3’ direction on the other.

90. Which of the following genes of the E.coli “Lac operon” codes for a
constitutive proteins?
a) The a gene
b) The i gene
c) The c gene
d) The z gene
e) The p gene

91. Which one of the following is most potent mineralocorticoid?

a) Hydrocortisone
b) Aldosterone
c) Cortisol
d) Androsterone
e) Androstendione
92. In β-oxidation of fatty acids, which of the following are utilised as
coenzymes?
a) NAD+ and NADP+
b) FAD H2 and NADH + H+
c) FAD and FMN
d) FAD and NAD+
e) FAD and NADP+

93. The most important source of reducing equivalents for FA synthesis in

the Liver is:
a) Glycolysis
b) HMP-shunt
c) TCA cycle
d) Uronic acid pathway e) Gluconeogenesis
94. All of the following tissues are capable of using ketone bodies, except:
a) Brain
b) Renal Cortex
c) Red blood cells
d) Cardiac muscle
e) Skeletal muscle

95. Biosynthesis of TG and lecithin both require an intermediate

a) Monoacyl glycerol-(P)
b) Phosphatidic acid
c) Phosphatidyl ethanolamine
d) Phosphatidly cytidylate
e) Phosphatidyl adenylate

96. All of the following are associated with metabolic alkalosis, except:
a) Ingestion of NH4Cl
b) Loss of HCl
c) Prolonged steroid therapy
d) Diuratic therapy
e) Pyloric obstruction

97. Metabolic alkalosis associated with prolonged vomiting or gastric

aspirations is due to loss of which of the following:
a) Hydrogen ion
b) Chloride ion
c) Sodium ion
d) Potassium ion
e) Bicarbonate ion

98. Which of the following biochemical parameter is true in a case of

Respiratory acidosis in uncompensated phase:
a) Disproportionate increase in [H2CO3]
b) Decrease in total CO2 content
c) Increase in ratio of [HCO-3]:[H2CO3]
d) Decrease in [HCO3-]
e) None of the above

99. The milk protein in the stomach in an adult is digested by:

a) Pepsin
b) Rennin
c) HCl
d) Trypsin
e) Chymotrypsinogen

100. The two nitrogen atoms in urea arise from:

a) Ammonia and glutamine
b) Glutamine and aspartic acid
c) Glutamine and glutamic acid
d) Ammonia and aspartic acid
e) Glutamine and alanine
101. Which of the following substance is responsible for GI disturbances and
respiratory distress seen in “carcinoid syndrome”?
a)Tryptamine
b) 5-OH tryptamine
c) Tyramine
d) Histamine
e) GABA

102. During degradation of amino acid leucine to acetyl-CoA, it produces

which compound that help in cholesterol biosynthesis:
a) β-methylglutaconyl-CoA
b) Isopentenyl pyrophosphate
c) β-OH-β-methyl glutaryl-CoA
d) Isovaleryl-CoA
e) All of the above

103. In conversion of lactic acid to glucose, three reactions of glycolytic

pathway are circumvented, which of the following enzymes do not
participate?
a) Pyruvate Carboxylase
b) Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase
e) Pyruvate Kinase
d) Glucose-6-phosphatase
e) Fructose-1, 6-biphosphatase

104. McArdle’s disease involves a deficiency of the which enzyme?

a) Acid maltase
b) Glucose-6-phosphatase
c) Hepatic phosphorylase
d) Muscle phosphorylase
e) Branching enzyme
105. in the normal resting state of humans, most of the blood glucose burnt
as ‘fuel’ is consumed by:
a) Liver
b) Brain
c) Kidneys
d) Adipose tissue
e) Muscles

106. A regulator of the enzyme glycogen synthase is:

a) Citric acid
b) 2, 3-biphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG)
c) Pyruvate
d) GTP
e) Glucose-6-PO4

107. Which of the following pathways is considered as “amphibolic” in

nature?
a) Glycogenesis
b) Glycolytic pathway
c) Lipolysis
d) Citric acid cycle
e) Glycogenolysis

108. Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in carbohydrate

metabolism?
a) Cortisol
b) ACTH
c) Glucagon
d) Vasopressin
e) Growth hormone
109. in hyperparathyroidism, which of the following is correct?
a) Low serum calcium
b) High serum phosphorus
c) Low serum calcium and high serum phosphorus
d) High serum calcium and low serum phosphorus
e) None of the above