University of Negros Occidental - Recoletos

Lizares Avenue, Bacolod City

INTEGRATED SCHOOL - Grades 11 and 12
General Chemistry 2

Laboratory Experiment No. 1

Intermolecular Forces

Performed by:

Grade/Section/Group: Date:

I. Objective: To be able to observe the various influences that intermolecular forces

have on physical properties of substances

II. Materials/Equipment

Chemicals/Materials Apparatus
Water (10 mL) Cooking tools
Ethanol (10 mL) P1 coins
Acetone (10 mL)

III. Procedures and Discussions

A. Evaporation Rate
Evaporation rate is an important concept that is exhibited differently depending on the
intermolecular forces of certain compounds. For this, you will need 10 mL of each liquid
(Hexane, Water, Ethanol, Acetone). Here are the steps in conducting the experiment:

1. Obtain four pieces of filter paper and five rubber bands to attach the paper to your
thermometer.
2. Attach filter paper to end of the thermometer at the bulb with a rubber band and
then dip into the test tube containing the compound to be studied. (Hexane first,
water next, ethanol next, and acetone last). When the temperature has stabilized
(it does not change), record the temperature while the paper on the thermometer is
still submerged in the liquid. This is the temperature for time = 0.0 min.
3. Your time starts when you pull the thermometer out of the liquid. Tape the
thermometer to a flat surface so that the paper is hanging off the surface and you
can read the thermometer (See Figure 1).
4. Record the temperature every 30 seconds for 5 minutes and repeat the process
using each liquid. Make sure to keep your test tube sealed if you are not using the
liquid.
5. Fill in Table 1 found in the later part of this document and the answer the questions
presented.

A. Evaporation Rate
 Page 2 of 7

Table 1.

Temperature (in oC)

Time Water Ethanol (70% ethyl Acetone
alcohol)
0.0 min.
0.5 min.
1.0 min.
1.5 min.
2.0 min.
2.5 min.
3.0 min.
3.5 min.
4.0 min.
4.5 min.
5.0 min.

1. Which of the liquids yielded the greatest ∆ T ? Which of the liquids yielded the
lowest ∆ T ? What does this mean for how quickly the substances evaporate?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. Does a substance that evaporates more quickly have higher or lower

intermolecular forces compared to a substance that evaporates more slowly?
Explain by identifying the intermolecular forces among the molecules in the
liquids
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

B. Influence of intermolecular force on the physical properties

1. Place a penny face down on the table.
2. CAREFULLY add drops of water on top of the penny. Your goal is to put as many drops
on top of the penny without any water falling onto the table.
3. Count the number of drops that the penny was able to hold. RECORD YOUR DATA.
4. Dry the penny.
5. Repeat the process. RECORD YOUR DATA.
6. Be sure to observe the penny from the side.
7. CAREFULLY add drops of alcohol on top of the penny. Your goal is to put as many drops
on top of the penny without any alcohol falling onto the table.
8. Count the number of drops that the penny was able to hld. RECORD YOUR DATA.
9. Dry the penny.
10. Repeat the process. RECORD YOUR DATA.
 Page 3 of 7

1. Which liquid had the higher average number of drops?

________________________________________________________________

2. Which liquid, water or alcohol, has STRONGER intermolecular forces? Explain

using at least 2 complete sentences.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

3. Why do you think that liquid was able to have stay on top of the penny better? Justify
your answer in terms of intermolecular forces. Use at least 2 complete sentences.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

4. Suppose you were to try this experiment with acetone, how would you expect the
result to be in comparison to the water and alcohol? Explain your answer using at least
2 complete sentences.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

C. Heating Curve For Water

For this portion, please prepare a 100 mL beaker and fill it with some ice cubes. You will
then proceed to subject the water to heating, taking note of significant temperature
changes.

1. Set up the experiment by placing the beaker on a Bunsen burner setup. Record the
temperature.
2. Immediately turn on the heat and record the temperature every 30 seconds until all of
the water has evaporated.
3. Record the data and plot them in Section IV.
4. Graph the heating curve of water. Denote specific times where there is phase change in
your graph.
5. Answer the questions.
 Page 4 of 7

B. Heating Curve of Water

Table 2.

Time (minutes) Temperature (degrees Celsius

 Page 5 of 7
TEMPERATURE (oC)

TIME (min)
Figure 2

1. What do you notice about the heating curve of water?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

2. If you are using 50g of ice, determine the total heat needed to change the temperature
of ice from its initial temperature based on your data to its final temperature (initial and
final temperature must be based on your data). Show your calculations.
 Page 6 of 7

IV. CONCLUSION

What can you conclude about intermolecular forces and its importance in daily
life?
 Page 7 of 7

V. DOCUMENTATION (Attach screenshots of your work.)