HOSPITAL PHARMACY
Professors: Jeasa Marie Carlos
Transcribed by: Heidi Jade B. Dato-on
HOSPITAL AND ITS ORGANIZATION
Hospital
o An organizational structure which pools together all the
health professions, the diagnostics and therapeutic
facilities, Equipments and supplies, and the physical
facilities into a coordinated system for delivering health
care to the public.
Development and Expansion
o Egyptian and Indian culture- in 6th century BC
o Greek and Roman Civilization- temples of gods is where
healing is associated with divine powers
o Religious influence- one of the dominant factors in the
development and expansion of hospitals
o Military influence- through urgent need for care of the
wounded in the battlefield
o Other influence in the development and expansion
§ Flexner Report on medical education (1910) –
revolutionized medical educ. and internship
§ Florence Nightingale – revolutionized nursing care
§ Public interest in hospitals extended into private
hospitalization insurance and other health-related
agencies
§ Hill Burton Program- Hospital Survey and
Construction Act (USA); provide federal funds for
hospital construction. From 1946-1973, hundreds of
other hospitals have undertaken major expansion
through this Act.
§ SSS Amendments – in 1965 thru its Medicare, have
long range impact on the development and
expansion because of funding on services to
medically indigent patients.
§ In 1983, Congress developed Prospective Payment
System to reimbursed hospitals at specific rate based
on diagnosis of the patient.
§ Hospitals provide the fourth basic element of
survival-Health.
§ It serves as a major instrument through which health
professions are able to provide health care to the
community.
Classification of Hospitals
o Type of Service
§ General Hospital – provides care to patients thru
medical, surgical, pediatric, psychiatric.,etc
§ Special Hospital – provide restricted care in special
conditions such as cancer or psychiatric only
o Length of Stay
§ Short-term – has average length of stay of less than
30 days
o Ex.acute disease consitions
§ Long-term – average length of stay of more than 30
days
o ex. Psychiatric, drug addiction
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o Ownership
§ Government hospitals
§ a. Federal - owned and operated by federal govt.
o ex. Armed Forces, Veterans
§ b. State – owned by a state and controlled by a
board
§ c. County – usually general hospital caring for
indigents
§ d. City – (Municipality)controlled by city gov.
§ e. District
o 2. Non-governmental Hospital
§ Non-profit – church related or operated
§ b. For profit – Individual, partnership, corporation
o Bed Capacity
o Under 50 beds
o 50-90 beds
o 100-199 beds
o 200-299 beds
o 300-399 beds
4 Fundamental Functions of Hospitals
o Patient care -where hospital is charged with maintaining
and restoring health to the community which it serves
o Education – of the medical and allied health
professionals and education of the patient
o Research – to carry 2 major purposes:
§ Advancement of medical knowledge against disease
§ Improvement of hospital services
o Public health – to assist the community in reducing the
incidence of illness and improve general health of the
population
Administrative Order No. 2012-0012
o New Classification of General Hospitals in the Philippines
Based on Functional Capacity, Effective August 18,
2012 (Level 1, Level 2, Level 3)
o Level 1: Bede Capacity -> 75
§ A Level I hospital shall have as minimum the services
stipulated in the following:
§ 1. A staff of qualified medical, allied medical and
administrative personnel headed by a physician duly
licensed by PRC;
§ 2. Bed space for its authorized bed capacity in
accordance with DOH Guidelines in the Planning
and Design of Hospitals;
§ 3. An operating room with standard equipment and
provision for sterilization of equipment and supplies
in accordance with:
o a. DOH Reference Plan in the Planning and
Design of an Operating Room/Theater ;
o b. DOH Guidelines on Cleaning, Disinfection
and Sterilization of Reusable Medical Devices in
Hospital Facilities in the Philippines
HOSPITAL PHARMACY
Professors: Jeasa Marie Carlos
Transcribed by: Heidi Jade B. Dato-on
§ 4. A post-operative recovery room;
§ 5. Maternity facilities, consisting of ward(s),
room(s),a delivery room, exclusively for maternity
patients and newborns;
§ 6. Isolation facilities with proper procedures for the
care and control of infectious and communicable
diseases as well as for the prevention of cross
infections;
§ 7. A separate dental section/clinic;
§ 8. Provision for blood station;
§ 9. A DOH licensed secondary clinical laboratory
with the services of a consulting pathologist;
§ 10. A DOH licensed level 1 imaging facility with the
services of a consulting radiologist;
§ 11.A DOH licensed pharmacy.
o 9. A DOH licensed secondary clinical laboratory with the
services of a consulting pathologist;
o 10. A DOH licensed level 1 imaging facility with the
services of a consulting radiologist;
o 11.A DOH licensed pharmacy.
o Level 2: Bed Capacity -> 200
§ A Level 2 hospital shall have as minimum, all of
Level l capacity, including the following:
§ 1. An organized staff of qualified and competent
personnel with Chief of Hospital/Medical Director
and appropriate board certified Clinical Department
Heads;
§ 2. Departmentalized and equipped with the service
capabilities needed to support board
certified/eligible medical specialists and other
licensed physicians rendering services in the
specialties of Medicine, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Surgery; their subspecialties and
ancillary services;
§ 3. for contrast examinations. Provision for general
ICU for critically ill patients.
§ 4. Provision for NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit)
§ 5. Provision for HRPU (High Risk Pregnancy Unit)
§ 6. Provision for respiratory therapy services;
§ 7. A DOH licensed tertiary clinical laboratory;
§ 8. A DOH licensed level 2 imaging facility with
mobile x-ray inside the institution and with capability
o Level 3: Bed Capacity -> Up to 500
§ A Level 3 hospital shall have as minimum, all of
Level 2 capacity, including the following:
§ 1. Teaching and/or training hospital with accredited
residency training program for physicians in the four
(4) major specialties namely: Medicine, Pediatrics,
Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Surgery;
§ 2. Provision for physical medicine and rehabilitation
unit;
§ 3. Provision for ambulatory surgical clinic;
§ 4. Provision for dialysis facility;
§ 5. Provision for blood bank;
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§ 6. A DOH licensed tertiary clinical laboratory with
standard equipment/reagents/supplies necessary for
the performance of histopathology examinations;
§ 7. A DOH licensed level 3 imaging facility with
interventional radiology
2 Main Types of Hospital Staff
o 1. Open staff –where certain physicians other than those
on the attending or active medical staff are allowed to
utilize the private room facilities, provided they comply
with the rules and regulations of the institution.
§ these physicians are termed members of the
“courtesy” medical staff
o 2. Closed Staff – where all professional services, private
and charity are provided and controlled by the attending
or active medical staff.
§ It is more desirable for the average hospital and
teaching hospital as it allows careful selection f a
group of specialists with excellent reputation.
Duties of the Medical Staff
o Providing professional care
o Maintaining its own efficiency
o Self-government (independent)
o Participate in the educational program of the hospital
o Auditing its own professional work
o Advisory and assisting the administrator and governing
board regarding medical policies
Categories of the Medical Staff
o 1. Honorary staff – are physicians who have been active
in the hospital but retired and whom is desired to do
honour because of outstanding contribution
o 2. Consulting Medical Staff – consist of specialists who
are recognized as such by right of passing specialty
boards and who serves as consultants to other members
of the medical staff
o 3. Active or Attending Medical Staff – the group
primarily concerned with regular patient care. It is the
group most actively involved in the hospital.
o 4. Associate medical Staff – composed of junior or less
experience members of the staff
o 5. Courtesy medical Staff – composed of physicians who
desire the privilege of attending private patients but who
do not desire active staff membership
o 6. Resident medical Staff – are residents who are full
time employees of the hospital. They provide specific
services, for which they receive education and
experience.