UNGROUPED DATA

Measures of
Position
 Objectives . . .

At the end of this session, the students

should be able to:
1. calculate measures of location other than
the measure of central tendency; and
2.interpret the measures of position of
ungrouped data.
Measures of Position

01 02
Quartile Decile
Divides the distribution Divides the distribution
into 4 equal parts. into 10 equal parts.

03
Percentile
Divides the distribution
into 100 equal parts.
 Introduction
Measures of position
include not only central
location but also any
position depending on the
number of equal divisions
in a given distribution.
 𝒌𝑵 𝒕𝒉
Quartile: 𝑸𝒌 =
𝟒

First Quartile Second Quartile

25% of the 50% of the
observations lie below observations lie below
this value this value

Third Quartile Fourth Quartile

75% of the 100% of the
observations lie below observations lie
this value below this value
 REPRESENTATION
Score

25% 75%
This means that the score __ is higher than
25% of the items in the distribution.

This means that the score __ is lower than 75%

of the items in the distribution.
EXAMPLE
The following scores were taken from the
Statistics problem set of Grade 8 students.
10 7 8 7 9 10 12 11 12 10
13 15 20 14 15 16 10 10 11 11

Find the 2nd quartile of the data.

 SOLUTION
STEP 1: Arrange the data
7 7 8 9 10 10 10 10 10 11
11 11 11 12 12 14 15 15 16 20
STEP 2: Apply the formula
𝒕𝒉
2 20 𝟒𝟎𝒕𝒉
𝑸𝟐 = = = 𝟏𝟎𝒕𝒉 = 𝟏𝟏
𝟒 𝟒
 SOLUTION
STEP 3: Interpret the result.
11

50% 50%
This means that the score 11 is higher than 50%
of the items in the distribution.
This means that the score 11 is lower than 50% of
the items in the distribution.
EXAMPLE
The following scores were taken from the
Statistics problem set of Grade 8 students.
10 7 8 7 9 10 12 11 12 10
13 15 20 14 15 16 10 10 11 11

Find the 1st quartile of the data.

 SOLUTION
STEP 1: Arrange the data
7 7 8 9 10 10 10 10 10 11
11 11 11 12 12 14 15 15 16 20
STEP 2: Apply the formula
𝒕𝒉
1 20 𝟐𝟎𝒕𝒉
𝑸𝟏 = = = 𝟓𝒕𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟒 𝟒
 SOLUTION
STEP 3: Interpret the result.
10
25% 75%
This means that the score 10 is higher than 25%
of the items in the distribution.
This means that the score 10 is lower than 75% of
the items in the distribution.
 𝒌𝑵𝒕𝒉
Decile: 𝑫𝒌 =
𝟏𝟎

First Decile Third Decile Fifth Decile

10% of the 30% of the 50% of the
observations lie below observations lie below observations lie below
this value this value this value

Seventh Decile Eight Decile Ninth Decile

70% of the 80% of the 90% of the
observations lie below observations lie below observations lie below
this value this value this value
 REPRESENTATION
Score

10% 90%
This means that the score __ is higher than
10% of the items in the distribution.

This means that the score __ is lower than 90%

of the items in the distribution.
 EXAMPLE
The following data are weights in
pounds of new born infants of Hospital
Y.
4.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 4.8 7.5 5.5 4.3

Find the 3rd decile of the data.

 SOLUTION
STEP 1: Arrange the data

4.0 4.4 4.8 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 7.5

STEP 2: Apply the formula

𝒕𝒉
3 10 𝟑𝟎𝒕𝒉
𝑫𝟑 = = = 𝟑𝒓𝒅 = 𝟒. 𝟖
10 𝟏𝟎
 SOLUTION
STEP 3: Interpret the result.
4.8

30% 70%
This means that the weight 4.8 pounds is higher
than 30% of the items in the distribution.
This means that the weight 4.8 pounds is lower
than 70% of the items in the distribution.
 EXAMPLE
The following data are weights in
pounds of new born infants of Hospital
Y.
4.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 4.8 7.5 5.5 4.3

Find the 8th decile of the data.

 SOLUTION
STEP 1: Arrange the data

4.0 4.4 4.8 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 7.5

STEP 2: Apply the formula

𝒕𝒉
8 10 𝟖𝟎𝒕𝒉
𝑫𝟖 = = = 𝟖𝒕𝒉 = 𝟔. 𝟎
10 𝟏𝟎
 SOLUTION
STEP 3: Interpret the result.
6.0

80% 20%
This means that the weight 6.0 pounds is higher
than 80% of the items in the distribution.
This means that the weight 6.0 pounds is lower
than 20% of the items in the distribution.
 𝒌𝑵 𝒕𝒉
Percentie: 𝑷𝒌 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎

First Percentile Twelveth Percentile Thirty-sixth Percentile

1% of the 12% of the 36% of the
observations lie below observations lie below observations lie below
this value this value this value

Fifthy-second Percentile Seventy-seveth Percentile Ninety-fifth Percentile

52% of the 77% of the 95% of the
observations lie below observations lie below observations lie below
this value this value this value
 REPRESENTATION
Score

1% 99%
This means that the score __ is higher than 1%
of the items in the distribution.

This means that the score __ is lower than 99%

of the items in the distribution.
EXAMPLE
The following data are heights in
centimeter of college freshmen students.
152 144 156 166 172 150
153 160 154 168 165 170
Find the thirty-fifth percentile of the data.
 SOLUTION
STEP 1: Arrange the data
144 150 152 153 154 156
160 165 166 168 170 172
STEP 2: Apply the formula
𝒕𝒉
35 12 𝟒𝟐𝟎𝒕𝒉
𝑷𝟑𝟓 = = = 𝟒. 𝟐𝒕𝒉 ≈ 𝟒𝒕𝒉 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑
100 𝟏𝟎𝟎
 SOLUTION
STEP 3: Interpret the result.
153

35% 65%
This means that the height of 153 cm is higher
than 35% of the items in the distribution.
This means that the height of 153 cm. is lower
than 65% of the items in the distribution.
 EXAMPLE
The following data are heights in
centimeter of college freshmen students.
152 144 156 166 172 150
153 160 154 168 165 170
Find the eighty-third percentile of the data.
 SOLUTION
STEP 1: Arrange the data
144 150 152 153 154 156
160 165 166 168 170 172
STEP 2: Apply the formula
𝒕𝒉
83 12 𝟗𝟗𝟔𝒕𝒉
𝑷𝟖𝟑 = = = 𝟗. 𝟗𝟔𝒕𝒉 ≈ 𝟏𝟎𝒕𝒉 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖
100 𝟏𝟎𝟎
 SOLUTION
STEP 3: Interpret the result.
168

83% 17%
This means that the height of 168 cm is higher
than 83% of the items in the distribution.
This means that the height of 168 cm. is lower
than 17% of the items in the distribution.
 Thanks!
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