MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

Institute Higher Polytechnic Private
*******

End of Studies Project

With a view to obtaining the Diplôme National ofIngénieur in...

Developed by: Wael Kassaoui

EMERGENCY AND TRANSPORT VENTILATOR

Student's first name

STUDENT REGISTRATION NUMBER

Carried out within

Name of host organization

Framed by

Academic supervisor(s) Industrial supervisor(s)

…Jaouadi Maher…………………… ……Dalleli Oussema……..

Academic year
2020- 2021
2
 Dedications

To my dearest parents: Hassen and Samira

For your love, your generosity and your patience, for

all the efforts you have made on my behalf.

I hope to have been worthy of your assignment and

your trust, I dedicate this work to you as a token of

my great appreciation.

To my dear brother: Nader

For those I love with all my heart, may God bring

you success and happiness.

For your trust and help.

To my big family

For their patience and encouragement.

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 Acknowledgements
I have to address my recognition and gratitude to all those who have contributed in
some way to the completion of this end-of-study project and write this report.

Thus, I would like to thank my industrial supervisor Mr. Oussama Dalleli, Head of
engineering department of the company Starz Electronics, for his availability, collaboration,
explanations and relevant suggestions, constructive criticisms, and the documentation placed
at my disposal.

I would like to thank and express my gratitude to my academic supervisor, Mr. Maher
Jaouadi, for the quality of his supervision, his encouragements, his directives, and her
precious remarks and advices which guided me along this project.

I also took the opportunity to thank Mr. Mohamed Slim, member of electrical
engineering service, for having welcomed me and mobilized all the collaborators to help and
support me in this project, for his professional rigor, his advice, his availability and his
patience.

Also, my sincere thanks to all the work team: operators, trainers, line managers and
foremen, for their kindness, their charm and their useful information that allowed me to
understand the methodology of work.

Finally, I thank all the Jury members for the honor of reading this report and
evaluating my work.

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 Contents

Dedications..............................................................................................................................i
Acknowledgements................................................................................................................ii
Contents................................................................................................................................iii
List of figures.........................................................................................................................v
List of tables..........................................................................................................................vi
List of abbreviations............................................................................................................vii
Presentationof the company... 1
General introduction...............................................................................................................2
CHAPTER I. TITLE OF CHAPTER N°1...................................................................................................3
I.1 ......................................................................................................................................Introduction3
I.2 ..............................................................................................................Instructions for writing text3
I.2.1 Insertion de figures.................................................................................................................3
I.2.2 Insertion of tables...................................................................................................................4
I.2.3 Footnote..................................................................................................................................4
I.2.4 Miscellaneous advice..............................................................................................................4
I.2.5 Reminders of punctuation rules..............................................................................................5
I.3 ......................................................................................................................................Page5 format
I.3.1 Margins...................................................................................................................................5
I.3.2 Header and footer...................................................................................................................5
I.4 ................................................................................................................Hierarchy of parties' titles5
I.5 .................................................................................................................................Heading level 26
I.5.1 Heading level 3.......................................................................................................................6
I.5.1.1 Heading level 4.............................................................................................................6
I.5.1.2 Heading level 4.............................................................................................................6
I.6 ..............................................................................................................Use of bullets and numbers7
I.7 ........................................................................................................................................Conclusion7
CHAPTER II. TITLE OF CHAPTER NO 2.................................................................................................8
II.1 ......................................................................................................................................Introduction8
II.1.1 Heading level 3.......................................................................................................................8
II.1.1.1 Heading level 4.............................................................................................................8
II.1.1.2 Heading level 4.............................................................................................................8
II.2 ........................................................................................................................................Conclusion8
Overall conclusion.................................................................................................................9
Reference..............................................................................................................................10
Annexes................................................................................................................................11
Annex 1 Diary of the training period...................................................................................12
Annex 2 Title........................................................................................................................16
Annex 3 Title........................................................................................................................17

iii
Right-clicking on the gray area of the table of contents above will update your table.
Never work directly in the table of contents.
REMOVE GRAY EXPLANATIONS AFTER READING

iv
 List of figures 1

Figure 1 – Title of Figure...............................................................................................................1-2

The table of illustrations summarizes the tables, graphs, Diagrams, photographs, figures, drawings, Algorithms, etc., if there
are not too many of them in the text, and allows them to be crossed out. If these elements are numerous, it is better to group
them out of text, at the end of the report, and to treat them separately: table of figures, table of tables, etc. The table lists all
the illustrations in the order in which they are mentioned in the text. It must give the numbering of the illustration, its title and
the number of the page. To remove this footnote, delete the footnote above.
 List of tables

Table 1 – Title of Table..................................................................................................................1-3

Table 2 – .................................................................................................................Title of Table 2-7
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
 List of abbreviations

If you have just used erp, UML, XML, etc. style abbreviations in your report, you can put
them associated with the full expression, as for example.

ERP Enterprise Resource Planning

UML Unified Modeling Language
XML eXtensible Markup Language

If, on the other hand, you have not used such abbreviations, you can eliminate this section of
your report.

REMOVE GRAY EXPLANATIONS AFTER READING

 PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY

Company presentation

STARZ ELECTRONIC is a fully exporting Tunisian company, created in 2001, located in

Bizerte, Tunisia.

It specializes in the subcontracting of wiring harnesses for electrical and electronic

equipment, design and manufacture of electronic cards for different types of industries such as
automotive, telecommunications, etc.

The company is ISO 9001 certified and offers its customers high quality products at very
competitive prices. This company is located in an area of 3000m2 and consists of five cable
production lines, a SMD component insertion line (surface mounted components) and a
component insertion line through hole designs.

Currently STARZ ELECTRONICS has a workforce of 150 employees. It also allows the
creation of other indirect jobs (handling, transport, maintenance).

Figure 1-1: STARZ ELECTRONICS company

2) Different production chains:

• Chain 1: Production of signal cables.

• Chain 2: Production of power cables.

• Chain 3: Production of Ethernet cables.

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CHAPTER I TITLE CHAPTER 1

• Chain 4: Card assemblies.

CUSTOM ASSEMBLIES MANUFACTURER

CUSTOM ETHERNET CABLE ASSEMBLY

At Starz electronics we provide custom Ethernet assemblies that meets any network
requirement. Our customized Ethernet cables can be designed to satisfy all your needs for
high speed powerful networks. We offer RJ45 and fiber optic cables solutions tailored to your
requirements.

CUSTOM POWER CABLE ASSEMBLY

Our cable assembly capabilities extend to power cables. Our assemblies are currently being
utilized in thousands of machines spanning a wide variety of industrial applications. They
range from refrigeration and automotive, to medical and many others.

CUSTOM SIGNAL CABLE ASSEMBLY

Starz produces low voltage signaling cables used in telecom, RTU controls, and circuits for a
variety of censors.

CUSTOM PCB ASSEMBLY

Starz has gained long years of experience since 2001, this is our oldest specialty. We can
assemble all types rigid printed circuit boards. This combines with extensive testing
capabilities. We can assemble in most technologies including fine pitch, BGA, and through
hole.

PRODUCTION & RESEARCH

LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES

Making use of the latest synthesis techniques of battery materials, our laboratory is producing
common solutions for: Lithium iron phosphate (LFP), Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt
(NMC), and Lithium Cobalt oxide (LCO). Our assembly capabilities extend to the 18650,
32650, and some smaller prismatic cells.

LIGHTING

Starz Lighting has a broad range of high-quality energy saving and LED lamps designed to
help save you money and play a part in protecting the environment. We also offer a wide
range lighting solution used in variety of applications.

III. Company organization chart :

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CHAPTER I TITLE CHAPTER 1

Figure 1-2: Organization chart of the company

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CHAPTER I TITLE CHAPTER 1

General introduction

Mechanical ventilation is a method that is often performed in patients in respiratory

insufficiency, which is widely defined as the inability to meet the body's need for elimination
of oxygen supply or carbon dioxide.
A ventilator provides air, in general with a high oxygen content, to the lungs of a patient
through an endotracheal tube to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Indications for mechanical ventilation include respiratory protection, treatment of hypoxemic
respiratory failure (under oxygen in blood), treatment of hypoxic respiratory failure
Treatment of hypercapnic impairment (blood carbon dioxide) or treatment of combined
respiratory trial and hyper capacity. In some cases, patients are also called and placed on
mechanical ventilation procedures. However, initialization of the liquidation of mechanical
ventilation requires great control because the journal of the diary may affect the general
treatment of the patient.
Mechanical ventilation manages respiratory organs (Highly educated medical professionals
who specialize in the care of respiratory diseases. In addition to managing fans, RTS
experience with other forms of oxygen management and respire support, provides medication
for respiratory disorders

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 CHAPTER I TITLE CHAPTER 1

Chapitre I. General context of the project

________________________________________________________

Introduction

In this first chapter, we will put you in the general framework of the work carried out in
recent months, by evoking the general framework of the project, the state of the art, the
bibliographic study and the specification of the needs. This first chapter therefore serves
as a preface for our report.

Project Framework
The ICU ventilators proposed within the project's framework function in mandatory
mode and assisted mode: the first meets the needs of patients with more significant respiratory
distress, who cannot breathe on their own; while with the second, the machine does not force
the patient to breathe, but instead assists them at their rhythm and rounds out their effort,
continuously measuring the flow, volume and pressure of air that is inhaled and exhaled.
Furthermore, this ICU ventilator carries out positive pressure control at end-expiration
(PEEP), a fundamental feature for COVID-19 patients to not damage their lungs. The system
informs the specialized medical staff through a control panel about ventilator parameters. It
integrates a visualization of the lung pressure and air volume graphics to facilitate checking
that the patient is adequately ventilated.

Overall, mechanical ventilation aims to support gas exchange and sustain life until the
cause of respiratory failure is resolved. As Hippocrates stated, an important goal of medical
practice is to “no harm”, which is a crucial aspect to consider when setting the goals during
mechanical ventilation.

The aims of mechanical ventilation according to the initiating indications include:

Achieve adequate ventilation - CO2 elimination

Improve oxygenation

Relieve respiratory distress – off-load respiratory muscles

I.1.1 Inserting figures

A figure should be centered in the middle of the page. Each figure must have a title.
The latter must also be centered at the bottom of the figure. It is represented in the form:

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 CHAPTER I TITLE CHAPTER 1

Figure No. – Title, in Times New Roman (size 12). The numbering of the figures must be
carried out automatically as shown in Figure 1. Each figure be referenced in the text
(example: ... as shown in Figure 1 ....).

Figure 1 – Title of Figure 1

I.1.2 Inserting tables

Tables are embedded in the text. It must be placed in the middle ofa page according to
the format ofTable 1. Each table must be assigned an explicit title centered at the top of the
table in Times New Roman (size 12) in bold.

Table 1 – Table 1 Title

I.1.3 Footnotes
You can add a footnote if needed as shown in the example of the footnote on this2page.
It is in Times New Roman (size 9), single line spacing and without paragraphs.

I.1.4 Miscellaneous tips

We recommend that you follow these guidelines when writing the report text:
2

Insert a footnote: Insert>Reference>Footnote. To delete these 2 footnotes, simply delete the reference to a footnote in the
text. The numbering of the notes will be automatically updated.

6
 CHAPTER I TITLE CHAPTER 1

 Do not use the impersonal subject "on";

 Use the first person plural "we" as the subject for the presentation of your work;

 Use the third person singular "he" as a subject to present how your application
works;

 Do not use the underlining of titles or parts of sentences;

 Do not use colors in chapter and paragraph titles;

 Avoid short paragraphs (consisting of 1 or 2 lines);

 Avoid "... " and replace them with "etc.";

 Put the full text of the acronyms you use during the first occurrence;

 Avoid empty areas in pages (caused by figures). It is necessary to move the figures
so as not to leave white areas in the middle of the chapters;

 The numbering begins (1) from the "General Introduction" page;

 Eviter colors except when necessary (Curves, graphical interfaces of the application,
etc.) .

I.1.5 Reminders of punctuation rules

The formatting of punctuation marks differs depending on the type of punctuation:
 Simple punctuation case ('.' and ','): no space before and a space after;

 Double punctuation case (';', ' :', ' ?', '!'): space before and space after.

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 CHAPTER I TITLE CHAPTER 1

State of Art

Mechanical ventilation is the most used short-term life support technique worldwide and
is applied daily for a diverse spectrum of indications, from scheduled surgical procedures
to acute organ failure. This state-of-the-art review provides an update on the basic
physiology of respiratory mechanics, the working principles, and the main ventilatory
settings, as well as the potential complications of mechanical ventilation. Specific
ventilatory approaches in particular situations such as acute respiratory distress syndrome
and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are detailed along with protective ventilation
in patients with normal lungs. We also highlight recent data on patient-ventilator
dyssynchrony, humidified high-flow oxygen through a nasal cannula, extracorporeal life
support, and the weaning phase. Finally, we discuss the future of mechanical ventilation,
addressing avenues for improvement.

I.1.6 Margins
Page margins should be arranged as follows: 2.5 (top and bottom), 3 (left), and 2
(right).

I.1.7 Header and footer

The header of the page may contain: the title of the chapter running on the left (written
in SMALL CAPITAL LETTERS)in Times New Roman (size 11), and a line separatesit from the
text of the page. While the footer can contain the page number in Times New Roman (size
10.5) bold and centered.

The bibliography study

The titles of the games are aligned to the left, without paragraphs. Thus, thetitles and
subtitles must be on the same vertical level. The number of a paragraph heading at a given
level must include the numbers of the levels prior to it. It is also necessaryto shape the spacing
between titles and paragraphs (in this report: 12 pts before and 6 pts after). Avoid using ":" at
the end of a title or subtitle.

While the title of the first level is that of the chapter in Times New Roman (size 22)
centered and separated from the body of the chapter by a horizontal line, thetitles of the
otherlevels are as follows:

Level 2 title
Text text text text text text text text text text text

I.1.8 Level 3 heading

Text text text text text text text text text text text

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 CHAPTER I TITLE CHAPTER 1

I.1.8.1 Level 4 heading

Text text text text text text text text text text text

I.1.8.2 Level 4 heading

Text text text text text text text text text text text

Using bullets and numbers

It is recommended to standardize the use of bullets and numbers (shape by level and
spacing). It is also desirable to use standard bullets (point, circle, dash, square):

 N1 ;

 N1.

 N2 ;

 N2 ;

 N3 ;

 N3.

 N2.

Conclusion
Text text text text text text text
text text text text

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 CHAPITRE II TITLE CHAPTER NO.2

Chapitre II. Title of Chapter No. 2

________________________________________________________

Introduction
You can add as many chapters as you need to your report. It is advisable totry to
writevolume-balanced chapters; i.e. number of pages. It is imperative that each chapter begin
with an introduction and a conclusion.

II.1.1 Level 3 heading

II.1.1.1 Level 4 heading

II.1.1.2 Level 4 heading

Text text text text text text text text text text text

Table 2 – Table 2 Title

Conclusion
Text text text text text text text text text text text
 CONCLUSION GENERAL

Generalconclusion

Text text text text text text text text text text text

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 Bibliography

Here are models that you can use as a model, depending on the method you have chosen
(other variants are possible): The first is for printed works (books for example) and the
second is rather for websites.

Printed works

LAST NAME First name or Initials of the first name. The title of the book. Mention of
edition. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication, number of pages p.

Websites (template)
AUTHOR or ORGANIZATION. Home page title, [online]. Available at: <URL>. (accessed
on date)
Example
ULT : Free University of Tunis,
Available at: www. ult-tunisie.com. (accessed February 21, 2014)

For the page of a website (template)

The title of the page. In: AUTHOR or ORGANIZATION. Home page title, [online].
Available at: <URL>. (accessed on date)
Example
ULT : Free University of Tunis,
[online]. Available at: www. ult-tunisie.com (accessed February 21, 2014)

Remarks:

If there is no author(s), start with the title.

If there are several authors, cite the first 3 and then finish with et al. Or name all the
authors.

REMOVE GRAY EXPLANATIONS AFTER READING

 Annexes3

Annex 1
Journal of the internship

January 2015

Date Description of tasks

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

It is a section facultative. Here we can detail or illustrate information that could not be developed in the text but which
deserves to be developed. Annexes can be algorithms, source codes, modeling diagrams that you consider can increase the
number of pages in your report. Annexes are numbered and titled. It will therefore be avoided to include several annexes on
the same page. To remove this footnote, delete the footnote above.

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Month of February 2015

Date Description of tasks

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

14
Month of Mars 2015

Date Description of tasks

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

15
Month of April 2015

Date Description of tasks

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

16
Month of May 2015

Date Description of tasks

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

Week .. /.. /2015

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 Annex 2Title

How to put a page in "landscape" format?

Position the cursor on the page and verify that the break is a "section break (next page)".
Go to "File", "Layout". On the "Margins" tab, click "Landscape" in the "Orientation" section.
Then in the "Preview" section of the same tab, select "Apply to": "this section"
Click OK.

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Annex 3Title
 The title of the topic.

ITP Internship Report

_________________________________________________________________

RESUME

You must put a summary of your report in French, indicating the keywords. If we take the
example of a project that deals with electronic commerce, one of the key words may be
electronic commerce.

The summary should not exceed 10 lines.

Tags: e-commerce, ... .

_________________________________________________________________

SUMMARY

You should give an English abstract for your report. You have to indicate your key-words.
For example, if your project is interesting on the e-commerce, this word can be a key-word.

The abstract should not exceed 10 lines.

Key words : e-commerce, ... .