9A GRAMMAR if + past, would + base form

(second conditional)
a Write second conditional sentences for the pictures.

1 Which would you choose if you could 2 You would feel better if you
only have one? (you choose, can) got more exercise. (feel, get)

3 They would be happier if they 4 I wouldn’t swim there if I

didn’t live in that cage. (be, not live) were you. (not swim, be)

5 I would ask somebody if I 6 Would she buy it if she had

could speak French. (ask, can the money? (she buy, have)
speak)

7 If she wasn’t sick, she 8 He wasn’t scared if it

would go to work. (not be, go) wouldn’t be so big. (not be, not be)

b First or second conditional? Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb.
1 What will we do tomorrow if it rains (rain)?
2 If I had a lot of money, I ’d buy (buy) a horse.
3 She’d pass her test if she studied (study) harder.
4 I’m sure she will lend (lend) you the money if you ask her nicely.
5 I’d like your dog more if he wasn’t (not be) so noisy!
6 If I don’t see (not see) you this evening, I’ll see you on Friday.
7 I won’t say (not say) anything to Julio if you don’t want me to.
8 If you don’t hurry up (not hurry up), we’ll miss the train.
9 If I were you, I wouldn’t go (not go) to Canada in the winter.
10 What would you do (do) if you found a snake in your bed?

activation
c Cover the sentences in a and look at the pictures. Remember the second conditionals.

186 American English File 2nd edition Teacher’s Book 2 Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2013
9B GRAMMAR present perfect + for and since
a Complete the sentences with the present perfect of the verb given + for or since if necessary.

work
1 A How long has your daughter worked in New York?
B She’s worked there for four years.

four have
years
2 A How long have you _____had your cat?
B I have had it for a few weeks now.

a few
be married weeks
3 A How long have you been married ?
B I have been married since 1981.

19
81
know
4 A How long have they __known
each other?
B They have known each other for
50 years.
50
years
live
5 A How long have you lived here?
B We have lived here since 2006.

20
06
have
6 A How long have you _had
this phobia?
B I have had it since about 2010.
A Hmm… about 2010

be
7 A How long have you _been
on this team?
B I have been on it since I was 17.
I was 17

b Test your memory. Cover the sentences. Look at the pictures. Can you remember the sentences?

activation
c Write four sentences about yourself, two with the present perfect + for, and two with the present
perfect + since.

American English File 2nd edition Teacher’s Book 2 Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2013
187
 9C GRAMMAR present perfect or simple past?
a Complete the dialogues with the present perfect or the simple past.

1 A How long have you played (play) the violin?

B Since I was (be) four. I have loved (love) music
all my life.
A Was it a difficult instrument to learn?
B Yes. I wasn’t (not be) very good when I
started (start).

2 A _Has____your brother finished (finish) college?

B Yes, he finished (finish) three weeks ago.
A What’s he going to do now?
B He hasn’t decided (not decide) yet.

3 A Where do your parents live?

B They have lived (live) in Arizona since last year. But before that they lived (live)
in Michigan.
A Why did they leave (leave) Michigan?
B Because my dad retired (retire).

4 A I saw (see) Oliver yesterday. He told (tell) me about your plans to move to
Beijing.
B Yes, I’m very excited… and a little nervous, too.
A have you ever lived (live) abroad before?
B No, never. I have never been (never be) very interested in foreign travel.
A How about your wife?
B Oh, Sofia loves traveling! She has visited (visit) a lot of different countries.

5 A __Have you heard (hear) about Andy and Francesca?

B No. What?
A They have separated (separate).
B Really? That’s a shame. I thought (think) they were very happy together.

6 A Is your brother married?

B Yes, he has been (be) married for a long time. About ten years. He fell (fall) in
love with Sarah when they were both in high school. They got (get) married when they
were (be) only 18.

b Practice the dialogues in a with a partner.

activation
c Write a four-line dialogue beginning with Have you ever…?

188 American English File 2nd edition Teacher’s Book 2 Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2013