W 9009275 0024b7b 9 7 2

E q 7 -/!i

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

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FERROUS PISTON RINGS

(8 to 40 inches Diameter)

ANSI/ASME B205 - 1978

SPONSORED A N D P U B L I S H E D BY

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL E N G I N E E R S

United Engineering Center 3 4 5 E a s t 47th Street N e w York, N. Y. 1 O 0 1 7

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 9009275 O024677 809

Date of Issuance: February 28, 1979

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No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic

retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
pubiisher.

Copyright 0 1979 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.

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 9009275 0024678 7 4 5

FOREWORD

At a meeting held in Chicago on October 31,1951 between the ring manufacturers and the engineers of
the Diesel engine manufacturers, it was brought out that the lack of standards on rings above the SAE
diameter limit had resulted in much confusion and increased costs due to tooling and special Set-up, as well
as lack of interchangeability.

It was recommended that a committee be organized to draw up ring standards for the diameter range
above 8 inches, which would serve a ring guide for future engine designs. There was no thought to use these
standards for present engines or service replacements as this would be an impossible accomplishment unless
incorporated when piston replacements were made.

A committee was organized of the ring manufacturers and a second meeting was held in Detroit on
January 15, 1952. At this meeting proposed standards for ring specifications were approved by all members
of the committee. Since this range of ring sizes is beyond the scope covered by the SAE, and since the
Diesel field is well covered by the Diesel and Gas Engine Division of the ASME, it was requested that those
rings be made an ASME standard. A draft of the proposed standard received the approval of the Society
and was designated an ASME standard on September 2, 1954. This standard served the industry well. How-
ever, as technology in the ring area progressed the need to expand the standard was recognized.

At a meeting of the ASME Standards Committee on Piston Rings on September 20,1977 a revised draft
was developed. Recognizing the anticipated changeover to SI units, this standard has been developed to fall
within this environment. This draft received the approval of the Standards Committee and was approved as
an American National Standard by the American National Standards Institute on October 4,1978.

iii

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 ~~

9 0 0 9 2 7 5 0024677 b ô L

PERSONNEL OF ASME COMMITTEE ON FERROUS PISTON RINGS

(8 TO 40 INCHES DIAMETER)
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of the approval of this Standard)
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Kent W. Thursîon, Chairman John R . Kennedy, Vice-CY?ainnan

Richard W.Mcûinnis, Secretary

STANDARDS COMMITTEE

K. W. Thurston, Koppers Company Incorporated, Piston Rings and Seals, Baltimore, Maryland
H. G. Braendel, Power Systems Engineering, Malvem, Pennsylvania
H. W. Engelman, Ohio State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbus, Ohio
J. R. Kennedy, Cooper-Bessemer Company, Mount Vernon, Ohio
û. K. Klein, Dover Corporation, C Lee Cook Division, Louisville, Kentucky
M. H. Lowrey, DeLaval Turbine Corporation, Engine and Compresser Division, Oakland, California
A. E. Swartz, Muskegon Piston Ring Company, Muskegon, Michigan
E F. Thomas, Double Seal Ring Company, Fort Worth, Texas
C. F. Wilke, Dresser Industries, Dresser Clark Division, Olean, New York

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 m 9009275 0024680 3T3

CONTENTS

Page

Foreword
Standards Committee Roster
1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 . DefinitionofTerms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3. Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 . CylinderDiameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. RingWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. RingW all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7 . Groove Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8. RingEndclearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9 . PistonRingTension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
10. Ringshape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
11. Dowel Pin Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
12. Conformable Type Oil Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
13 . Identification Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

TABLES

Table 1 Cylinder Diameter Increments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Table 2 Cylinder Diameter Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Table3 Ringwidths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Table 4 Typical Minimum Side Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 5 Recommended Maximum Wail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 6 Suggested Wail Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 7 Suggested Minimum Back Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 8 Minimum End Clearance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 9 End Clearance Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 10 Typical Piston Ring Circularity Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

FIGURES

Figure 1 Piston Ring Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Figure 2 Tangential and Diametral Tension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 3 Piston Ring Groove and Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figure 4 Dowel Pin Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Figure 5 Vendor Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 6 Installation Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Figure 7 Common Types of Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Figure 8 Typical Piston Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

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 9009275 0 0 2 4 b 8 1 23T
FERROUS PISTON RINGS
(8 TO 40 INCHES DIAMETER)
1. SCOPE
This standard covers ferrous piston rings, 8 through
40 inches diameter, for internal combustion enmes,
en@es and Standards for smaller
sizes are covered by Standards of the Society ofAuto-
motive Engineers.
2. DEFINITION OF TERMS
2.1 Piston Rings (see Figure 1)
2.1.1 Diameter (D). The outside diameter of the ring
when the ring is closed in a circular gage. It is equal to
the minimum diameter of the cylinder in which it
runs.
2.1.2 Wall Thickness (d). Radial wall dimension of the
ring.
2.1.3 Width (b). Overall axial dimension (height) of
the ring.
2.1.4 Bearing Width (w). That part of the width which
contacts the cylinder. This contact may gradually in-
crease during the life of the ring as is the case with
taper face compression rings and most oil control
rings.
2.1.5 Face Width. The maximum bearing width which
will be reached during the useful life of the ring.
2.1.6 End Clearance (E.C.). The circumferential clear-
ance between the ends of the ring when the ring is
confined in a circular gage of minimum cylinder
diameter.
2.1.7 Free Gap. The circumferential clearance be-
tween the ends of the ring when the ring is in the free
state.
2.1.8 Net Gap (9). Free gap minus end clearance.
2.1.9 Back Surface. Surface of the entire inner diam-
eter of the ring.
2.1.10 Side Surface. Surface between the outside and
inside diameter of the ring. A ring has two side sur-
faces.
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ANSI/ASME 8205-1 978
2.1.1 1 Back. Region 180" from the ring ends.
2.1.12 Side. Regions 90" from the ring ends.
2.1.13 Tangential Tension (T,.). Opposite tangential
forces at the ring gap to close the ring gap to specified
end clearance. (see~i~~~~2 )
2.1.14 Diametral Tension (TD).Opposite diametral
forces applied 90" from the ring gap to close the ring
at these points to specified diameter. (See Figure 2 )
Does not apply to conformable type oil rings.
2.1.15 Face Light. The visible light between the face
of a ring and a circular gage equal to minimum cylin-
der diameter when viewed with a light of specified
intensity.
2.1.16 Circularity. The difference between the diam-
eter through the gap and the diameter 90" from the
gap when the ring is held around the periphery by a
thin-steel band whose inside diameter is equal to the
diameter of the ring. Plus circularity indicates that the
diameter through the gap is greater than the diameter
90" from the gap. Minus circularity indicates that the
diameter through the gap is smaller than the diameter
90" from the gap. (See Table 10 for typical values)
2.1.1 7 Joint Protrusion. The deviation of the unsup-
ported ends of a ring from a true circle over a specified
angle or chord when the ring is confined in a gage of
cylinder diameter.
2.2 Pistons (see Figure 3)
2.2.1 Groove Width. Overall axial dimension of the
ring groove*
2.2.2 Groove Root Diameter. Diameter at the base of
the groove.
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2.2.3 Piston Land Diameter. The diameter of the
piston adjacent to the ring groove.
2.2.4 Groove Depth.
Larger Adjacent
Groove Depth = Piston Land Dia. - Groove Root Diameter
2
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 9009275 0024682 176

A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

FERROUS PISTON RINGS (8 T O 40 INCHES DIAMETER) ANSI/ASME 8205-1 978

END CLEARANCEJ
(E.C.)
SIDE SURFACES

RING, CONFINED RING, FREE STATE

FIG. 1 PISTON RING NOMENCLATURE

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 9009275 O024683 O02

A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

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FERROUS PISTON RINGS (8TO 40 INCHES DIAMETER) ANSIIASME 8205-1978

END CLEARANCE 7

TANGENTIAL TENSION ( T T ) DIAMETRAL TENSION ( T D )

FIG. 2

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 _ _ ~ ~

9009275 0024684 T 4 9

A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

FERROUS PISTON RINGS (8 T O 40 INCHES DIAMETER) ANSIJASME 8205-1978

FIG. 3 PISTON RING GROOVE AND RING

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 7009275 0 0 2 4 6 8 5 785

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

F E R R O U S PISTON RINGS (8T O 40 INCHES DIAMETER) ANSIIASME 8205-1978

2.2.5 Effective Groove Depth. The groove depth cylinder materials. Typical properties of piston rings
minus the groove fdlet at bottom of groove. are :
2.2.6 Effective Back Clearance. The clearance be- Tensile Strength 30-40 x lo3 PSI
tween the back surface of ring and the effective groove Maximum Allowable
depth when the ring is flush with the surface of the Transverse Stress 40-55 x lo3 PSI

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piston. Modulus of Elasticity 9-16 x lo6 PSI
2.2.7 Side Clearance. Groove width minus ring width Brinell Hardness,
(rectangular rings only). Individually Cast 160-275

3.1.3 Class 3. These cast irons are a low alloy type

3. MATERIALS
Piston rings are generally made of high grade cast
iron because of its inherent wear resistance and com-
patibility with cylinder materials. The cast irons for
piston rings are statically or centrifugally cast depend-
ing on the properties to be achieved. Statically cast
rings are made from individual castings or pot type
castings. Rings made from individuai castings have
higher strengths due in part to a faster cooling rate
than rings cut from pot castings. The centrifugal cast-
ing process is used for maximum mechanical proper-
ties. Heat treatment is also used to modify structure
and increase strength. The following types of materials
are used depending upon operating requirements.
3.1 Cast Irons
3.1.1 Class 1. These cast irons are generally individu-
ally or pot cast in large section sizes and are used in a
wide variety of engine, compressor and seal applica-
tions. The material contains large amounts of free
graphite in the form of random flakes in a pearlitic
matrix. The flake graphite together with the pearlitic
matrix accounts for good wear resistance and com-
patibility with a wide variety of cylinder materials.
These irons are of moderate strength. Typical proper-
ties of piston rings are:
Tensile Strength 20-30 x lo3 PSI
Maximum Allowable
Transverse Stress 30-45 io3 PSI
Modulus of Elasticity 9-16 x lo6 PSI
Brinell Hardness,
Individually Cast 160-275
Pot Cast 150-225
3.1.2 Class 2. These cast irons are very similar to Class
1 and are somewhat stronger due primarily because
they are generally cast as individual rings in the smaller
section sizes rather than pots. They contain a more
refined graphite structure as compared to Class 1 ma-
terials and are compatible with a wide variety of
which may or may not be heat treated depending
upon desired properties. They also contain flake type
graphite and the matrix may be predominantly pear-
lite or tempered martensite. These irons have slightly
higher properties than Class 2 irons. Typical properties
of piston rmgs are:
Tensile Strength 40-50 x lo3 PSI
Maximum Ailowable
Transverse Stress 50-55 io3 PSI
Modulus of Elasticity 13-18 x IO6 PSI
Brinell Hardness 190-320
3.1.4 Class 4. These cast irons are the malleable type
which are typically centrifugally cast for maximum
strength and heat-treated. The graphite is in the form
of floculent nodules rather than the usual flake type.
The matrix may be pearlite or tempered martensite.
Due to the large amount of free graphite, these mate-
rials have good wear resistance when compared to
steel. The wear compatibility is somewhat less than
the Class 1, 2 and 3 irons and for this reason the ring
face is generally chromium plated. Typical properties
of piston rings are:
Tensile Strength 70-80 x lo3 PSI
Maximum Ailowable
Transverse Stress 70-9Ox lo3 PSI
Modulus of Elasticity 20-25 x lo6 PSI
Brinell Hardness,
Pearlitic Type 230-285
Martensitic Type 250-285
3.1.5 Class 5. These cast irons are the highest strength.
Their higher strength is due in part to the graphite be-
ing in the shape of nodules. The matrix may be pear-
lite or tempered martensite depending upon heat
treatment. These materials are statically or centrifugal-
ly cast and offer high strength and maximum fatigue
resistance. They are seldom used plain except when
run against chromium plated cylinders or for oil con-
trol rings. Typical properties for piston rings are:

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 9009275 0024686 811

A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

FERROUS PISTON RINGS (8TO 40 INCHES DIAMETER) ANSIIASME 8205-1978

Tensile Strength 80-120 x IO3 PSI zero minus tolerance. The piston ring diameter is made
Maximum Allowable to fit the smalier dimension of the cylinder to avoid
Transverse Stress 70-150 x lo3 PSI any possibility of the ring ends butting. To avoid con-
Modulus of Elasticity 21-26 x lo6 PSI fusion whenever the cylinder size is named, it is rec-
Brinell Hardness, ommended that the minimum cylinder diameter be
Pearlitic Type 240-300 used for this purpose. Table 1 shows the suggested
Martensitic Type 250-440 cylinder diameter increments. Table 2 shows the sug-
gested cylinder diameter tolerances.
3.2 Steels Table 1 Cylinder Diameter Increments, inches
There are various types of steel used for piston Cylinder Diameter, Inches Diameter Increment, Inches
rings and expanders. Because of their lower wear
8-15 Not Incl. 0.250
resistance and reduced compatibility, various wear 15-40 Incl. 0.500
resistant surface platings or coatings may be required.
The most frequently used is chromium plating. Plasma Table 2 Cylinder Diameter Tolerances, Inches
type hard surfacing materials are also available for
Diameter, Inches
specific applications. up to Tolerance, Inches
From Not Incl. Minus Zero Plus:
4. CYLINDER DIAMETER 8 14 0.003
Cylinder diameter and ring diameter are terms that 14 20 0.004
are frequently used interchangeably. The cylinder 20 30 0.005
30 40 Incl. 0.006
should be dimensioned to have a plus tolerance with a
Table 3 Ring Widths, Inches

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Nominal Diameter (in.) Diameter (in.) Diameter (in.) Diameter (in.)
Width 8-14 Not Incl. 14-20 Not Incl. 20-30 Not Incl. 30-40 Incl.
~

118 0.1225-0.1 240 0.1220-0.1 240 O. 1 21 5-0.1 240 0.1210-0.1240

5132 0.1535-0.1550 0.1 530-0.1 550 0.1525-0.1 550 0.1520-0.1550
311 6 O.1850-0.1 865 0.1845-0.1865 O. 1840-0.1865 0.1835-0.1 865
7/32 0.2165-0.21 80 0.2160-0.21 80 0.2155-0.2180 0.21 50-0.2180
1 14 O.2475-0.2490 0.2470-0.2490 0.2465-0.2490 0.2460-0.2490

9/32 0.2785-0.2800 0.2780-0.2800 0.2775-0.2800 0.2770-0.2800

5/16 0.3095-0.3 1 1 O 0.3090-0.31 10 0.3085-0.31 1 O 0.3080-0.31 1 O
11/32 0.3405-0.3420 0.3400-0.3420 0.3395-0.3420 0.3390-0.3420
318 0.3715-0.3730 0.3710-0.3730 0.3705-0.3730 0.3700-0.3730
13/32 0.4025-0.4040 0.4020-0.4040 0.4015-0.4040 0.4010-0.4040

711 6 0.4345-0.4360 0.4340-0.4360 0.4335-0.4360 0.4330-0.4360

15/32 0.4655-0.4670 0.4650-0.4670 0.4645-0.4670 0.4640-0.4670
1 /2 0.4965-0.4980 0.4960-0.4980 0.4955-0.4980 0.4950-0.4980
9/16 O.5585-0.5600 0.5580-0.5600 0.5575-0.5600 O.5570-0.5600
5/8 0.621 5-0.6230 0.6210-0.6230 0.6205-0.6230 0.6200-0.6230

11/16 0.6835-0.6850 0.6830-0.6850 0.6825-0.6850 0.6820-0.6850

314 0.7455-0.74 JO 0.7450-0.7470 0.7445-0.7470 0.7440-0.7470
13/16 0.8075-0.8090 0.8070-0.8090 0.8065-0.8090 0.8060-0.8090
718 0.8705-0.8720 0.8700-0.8720 0.8695-0.8720 0.8690-0.8720
15/16 0.9325-0.9340 0.9320-0.9340 0.931 5-0.9340 0.9310-0.9340

1 0,9955-0.9970 0.9950-0.9970 0.9945-0.9970 0.9940-0.9970

1118 1.1 205-1.1 220 1.1 200-1.1 220 1.1 195-1.1 220 1.1 190- 1.1 220
1 114 1.2455-1.2470 1.2450-1.2470 1.2445-1.2470 1.2440- 1.2470
1 318 1.3705-1.3720 1.3700-1.3720 1.3695-1.3720 1.3690-1.3720
1 112 1.4955-1.4970 1.4950-1.4970 1.4945-1.4970 1.4940-1.4970

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D 9009275 0 0 2 4 6 8 7 7 5 8

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

FERROUS PISTON RINGS (8TO 40 INCHES DIAMETER) ANWASME 8205-1978

Diameter, Inches Diesel or Gas Diesel or Gas

u p to 4 Cycle 2 Cycle Compressors
From Not Incl. Top Intermediate Oil** Top Intermediate Oil'"

8 12 0.005 0.004 0.002 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.0015

12 16 0.006 0.005 0.0025 0.008 0.005 0.0025 0.0020
16 40 Incl. 0.010 0.006 0.003 0.01o 0.008 0.003 0.0030

Table 5 Recommended Maximum Wall

~~

Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum

Nominal 3adial Wall Nominal ?adia1Wall Nominal Radial Wall Nominal Radial Wall
Diameter Thickness Diameter Thickness Diameter Thickness Diameter Thickness
~~

8 0.305 13 0.450 21 0.670 31 0.950

8.25 0.315 13.25 0.460 21.5 0.685 31.5 0.960
8.5 0.320 13.5 0.465 22 0.700 32 0.975
8.75 0.330 13.75 0.470 22.5 0.710 32.5 0.990
9 0.335 14 0.480 23 0.725 33 1 .o00

9.25 0.345 14.25 0.485 23.5 0.740 33.5 1.010

9.5 0.350 14.5 0.495 24 0.755 34 1 .O25
9.75 0.360 14.75 0.500 24.5 0.770 34.5 1 .O40
10 0.365 15 0.505 25 0.780 35 1 .O50
10.25 0.375 15.5 0.520 25.5 0.795 35.5 1.O65

10.5 0.380 16 0.535 26 0.810 36 1 .O75

10.75 0.390 16.5 0.550 26.5 0.825 36.5 1 .O80
11 0.395 17 0.560 27 0.835 37 i .o85
11.25 0.400 17.5 0.575 27.5 0.850 37.5 1 .o90
11.5 0.410 ia 0.590 28 0.865 38 1 .O95

11.75 0.415 18.5 0.605 28.5 0.875 38.5 1.105

12 0.425 19 0.615 29 0.890 39 1.115
12.25 0.430 19.5 0.630 29.5 0.905 39.5 1.125
12.5 0.435 20 0.645 30 0.920 40 1.135
12.75 0.445 20.5 0.655 30.5 0.935

--``,,,`,,,,``,`,```,`,,`,`,,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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 9009275 O024688 674

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

FERROUS PISTON RINGS (8 TO 40 INCHES DIAMETER) ANSI/ASME 8205-1978

5. RINGWIDTH
Ring width is approximately related to ring diam-
eter in that ring widths tend to become larger as
diameter increases. The maximum ring width should
not exceed the values shown in Table 3. The sug-
gested width tolerances are also shown in Table 3.
Any changes in ring side clearance should be made
in the piston ring groove in order to use standard ring
widths and eliminate improper instailation in the
depth is then the total groove depth minus the fillet
or chamfer. The suggested minimum back clearances
are shown in Table 7. They can be used for groove
root d i m e ter calculations.
Table 7 Suggested Minimum Back Clearance, Inches
Diameter. Inches I Back Clearance

field. See Table 4 for suggested minimum side clear-

ance.
8 to 16 Not Incl.
16 t o 40 Incl. I 0.004 x Diameter
0.064

The usual practice to obtain maximum wear life Groove depths for compression and oil rings are to be
and strength is to select the widest ring width which the same.
will not scuff in the application.

6. R I N G W A L L
8. RING END CLEARANCE
The recommended maximum wall vanes with ring
diameter in accordance with the values in Table 5. End clearance depends upon ring design, cylinder
materials and the operating conditions, making it dif-
The recommended walls in Table 5 prevent over- ficult to give specific values.
stressing the ring during installation over the piston
and subsequent closing into the cylinder when using a The minimum end clearances shown in Table 8
net gap 3.5 times the wall. and suggested tolerances in Table 9 may be helpful
and serve as a guide for typical applications.
Should ring wails other than those shown in Table
5 or materials other than those specified in Section 3 Table 8 Minimum End Clearance, Inches
be used, overstressing for opening or closing should
be checked, particularly if the maximum wall is to be
increased. (See piston ring formulae in Section 9.2.) Internal Combustion
Compression Rings 0.35%
6.1 Wall Tolerance Oil Rings 0.20%
Compressors 0.20%
The suggested wall tolerance is shown in Table 6 .
Table 6 Suggested Wall Tolerance, Inches Table 9 End Clearance Tolerance, Inches
Diameter, Inches Diameter, Inches
Tolerance, Inches
Tolerance Minus Zero Plus:
From Not Incl. From Not Incl.

8 -0.015 +o.oo +0.020

14 -0.020 + o m t0.025
20 40 Incl. -0.030 +O.OO 20 30 +0.030
30 40 Incl. +0.035

7. GROOVE DEPTH
Groove depth should be sufficient to prevent the
ring from protruding beyond the largest adjacent
piston land when the ring is bottomed in the groove.
It is desirable to keep back clearance to a minimum.
If a f d e t or chamfer is used in the bottom of the
groove, the corresponding decrease in effective groove
depth should be considered. The effective groove
9. PISTON RING TENSION
Tension is one of the more important ring charac-
teristics. In combination with combustion pressures,
tension affects ring drag and holds the ring in contact
with the cylinder. Tension is the result of the relation-
ship of ring diameter, width, wall, net gap, and mod-
ulus of elasticity of the ring material.

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 W 9009275 002Yb89 5 2 0

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

FERROUS PISTON RINGS (8 TO 40 INCHES DIAMETER) ANSIIASME 8205-1978

Measuring ring tension by tangential forces is the Closing Stress:

most accurate, as the whole ring is uniformly loaded
when the ring is closed to specified endclearance. This
method is often used for oil rings and particularly con-
formable oil rings due to the flexible ring section and
the heavy spring expander tension. (See Figure 2) s, =
0.482 E, (?d

Compression rings are usually measured for tension

by closing the ring to its specified diameter by diam-
--``,,,`,,,,``,`,```,`,,`,`,,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

etral forces. These forces are applied 90” from the

gap to close the ring to cylinder diameter. By this
Where,
method only the back half of the ring, 90”-270”
from the joint, is subjected to bending (see Figure 2). So = Maximum bending stress, opening, PSI
For conversion, the diametral tension is 2.27 times S, = Maximum bending stress, closing, PSI
the tangential tension. d = Ring wall, inches
9.1 The following formula may be used for calculat- g = net gap, inches (free gap minus end clearance)
ing ring tension for rings having a rectangular cross E, = Nominal modulus of elasticity, PSI
section.
D = diameter,inches
KEngb
Tension, T =
;( I))
-
10. RING SHAPE
Good shape is important for proper operation and
is commonly measured by inspecting for face light in
For tangential tension, TT K = 0.0707
a gage of cylinder diameter. A ring should exhibit at
For diametral tension, To K = 0.1605 least 80% light tightness. Areas of the ring may have
Where, “push-out” or “fuzzy” light and are acceptable if
they can be pushed out with moderate finger pressure.
TT = tangential tension, Pounds
“Pinpoint” light is usually considered acceptable.
To = diametral tension, Pounds
10.1 Circularity
E,, = nominal modulus of elasticity, PSI
This is the shape taken by the ring when closed
g = net gap, inches (free gap minus end clear-
within a flexible steel band to its mean end clearance.
ance)
It is an important parameter which can affect blow-
b = ringwidth,inches by, oil consumption and port clipping. Although it
d = ring wall, inches bears no exacting relationship t o radial pressure distri-
bution, it is the one parameter which has been used
D = diameter,inches
to control the radial pressure pattern at the joint of a
9.2 Maximum transverse bending stress induced in a ring. Table 10 shows typical piston ring circularity
piston ring due to opening for installation over the values which are currently being used.
piston or closing into the cylinder may be determined
from the following equations. Table 10 Typical Piston Ring Circularity Values,
Inches
Opening Stress:
Engines,

0.424 E,,
so= 8 14 0.035 0.015 0.015 0.035
14 20 0.035 0.020 0.015 0.040
20 40 Incl. 0.035 0.020 0.015 0.040

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 m 9009275 0024690 242 m

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

FERROUS PISTON RINGS (8 TO 40 INCHES DIAMETER) ANSI/ASME 6205-1978

10.2 Joint Protrusion mum inward dimension of 0.015% of diameter has

For unpinned rings which pass over ports such as
in two cycle engines, piston rings are designed to have
zero to negative pressure at the ends. This tends to
prevent the ends of the ring at the joint from enter-
ing the port and breaking.
The method most commonly used to specify and
measure ring end of joint shape is the joint protrusion
method. It consists of inserting the ring in a ring gage
which has a cut-out equal to twice the width of the
port. The ends of the ring ars centered in the cut-out
and appropriate measuring devices measure the
amount the ends deviate from a true circle. For two
cycle engines, a specification which allows a maximum
outward dimension of 0.01% of diameter to a maxi-
been found to give acceptable results. For ports having
an opening ande greater than 20" of cylinder circum-
ference, it is recommended that the ring be pinned
(see Section 1 i.).
11. DOWEL PIN HOLES
In two cycle engines and applications where rings
pass over ports, it is sometimes necessary to use dowel
pins to prevent rotation. By properly locating the
dowel pin in the ring, it is possible to prevent the ring
joint from passing over the port. By preventing the
ring ends from entering the port, tip breakage is
eliminated. Figure 4 illustrates typical methods of pin-
ning rings.

--``,,,`,,,,``,`,```,`,,`,`,,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

FIG. 4 DOWEL PIN HOLES

10

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 m 9009235 0024671 I189

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

FERROUS PISTON RINGS (8 TO 40 INCHES DIAMETER) ANS I/ASM E 6205-1 978

12. CONFORMABLE TYPE OIL RINGS 12.2. Coil Spring Tension

Conformable type oil rings consist of an outer ele- The most universally used expander type is the cog
ment which has a thin radial cross section to permit spring which is loaded compressively to give tangential
maximum flexibility and an inner element in the form loading to the oil ring assembly. The determination of
of a steel spring. The spring may be a coil, serpentine, free length, tension, and deflection can be calculated
polygonal or stamped type. using the formulae:
Conformable oil rings have the advantage over self
energized oil rings in that they have higher unit pres-
sure capability, flexibility and conformability to fol-
low irregularities in the cylinder due to out of round-
ness, taper and other cylinder distortions. For specifi-
cation purposes it is preferred to specify the ring and
spring tensions separately. The ring tension is specified Where,
as diametral tension and the spring tension is specified
as tangential tension. TT = Tangential tension, pounds,
12.1 Unit Pressure ' = Free length of spring, inches
F

Unit Pressure may be calculated using either tan- W

' = Working length of spring, inches
gential or diametral tension. 6 = Deflection of spring, inches
2 TT 0.881 TO R = Spring rate, in/in/lb (inch of deflection/inch
U.P. = -
Dw
or U.P. =
Dw of length/pound of load)

Where,
U.P. = Unit Pressure, Psi
13. IDENTIFICATION MARKING
w = Bearing width of ring, inches
13.1 Vendor Marking
D = Ring diameter, inches
At times it may be desirable to have vendor iden-
TT = Tangential tension, pounds tification. Figure 5 illustrates the most popular types
To = Diametral tension, pounds of identification.
--``,,,`,,,,``,`,```,`,,`,`,,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

FIG. 5 VENDOR MARKING

11

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 m 9009275 0024692 015

A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

FERROUS PISTON RINGS (8 TO 40 INCHES DIAMETER) ANSIIASM E 8205-1 978

13.2 Installation Marking In general, a non-pemanent mark is used such as

somering types me marked to avoid improper in- acid etch, eletrolytic etch, air grit blast or ink. Metal
stallation. Rings such as tapered face and directional are not r e c o ~ e n d e d -Makings me USudY
type ringswhen improperlyinstalled, increase on the ring side surface, clockwise of the joint.
oil consumption and for this reason, are usualiy
marked.

--``,,,`,,,,``,`,```,`,,`,`,,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIG. 6 INSTALLATION MARKINGS

12

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 9009275 0024693 T5L
A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FERROUS PISTON RINGS (8 TO 40 INCHES DIAMETER) ANSIIASME 0205-1978
w

--``,,,`,,,,``,`,```,`,,`,`,,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
13
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 9009275 0024694 998 m

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

ANSI/ASME 8205-1978
FERROUS PISTON RINGS (8 TO 40 INCHES DIAMETER)

3 c
a
E

z
O

--``,,,`,,,,``,`,```,`,,`,`,,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

14

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