SHARK WRANGLER’S

EXPEDITION & FIELD GUIDE

SHARK TOOTH SURVEY | ST. AUGUSTINE BEACH

LET’S DISCOVER THE WORLD OF

SHARKS
 Welcome Aboard Explorer!
Guy Harvey explores the world’s oceans to learn about the many
wonderous creatures that call it their home. Now is your time to join
Guy and the ranks of Hammerhead Nation explorers around the world
who strive to discover new insights about SHARKS. Today, we’re
getting ready to set off on an exciting Guy Harvey Expedition to explore
the fascinating world of SHARKS!
This is your Field Guide to SHARKS. As an explorer, you should always
keep your field guide handy. It contains valuable information based on
the discoveries of other explorers who have come before you.
After conducting your Shark Tooth Survey Expedition and completing
the quizes and tasks included in this Field Guide you will have earned
the respect of Guy Harvey and the many members of Hammerhead
Nation who work to save our seas. Among them you will forever be
known as a certified “SHARK WRANGLER” of the Hammerhead Nation!

At the End of the Road your Adventure Begins!

TABLE
OF CONTENTS
3 WHAT IS A SHARK?
2 W H AT I S A S H A R K ?
4 DO SHARKS HAVE SCALES?
3 D O S H A R K S H AV E S C A L E S ?
5 WHERE DO WE FIND SHARKS?
4 WHERE DO WE FIND SHARKS?
6 HABITATS
5 H7A BSHARK
I TAT S PARTS I

6 S8H ASHARK
R K PA RPARTS
TS I II

7 S9H ASHARK
R K PA RSENSES
TS II
10 LATERAL LINE SYSTEM
8 SHARK SENSES
11 DID YOU KNOW ? SHARKS HAVE A SIX TH SENSE!
9 L AT E R A L L I N E S Y S T E M
12 DID YOU KNOW ? STINGRAYS ARE FLAT SHARKS!
10 D I D Y O U K N O W ? S H A R K S H AV E A S I X T H S E N S E !
13 WHAT’S ON THE MENU? CHECK OUT THE TEETH!
11 D I D WHY
14 Y O U ARE
K N OSHARKS
W ? S T I NIMPORTANT
G R AY S A R E ?F L AT S H A R K S !

12 15 BUT
W H AT ’ S THEY
ON THARE
E MIN
E NDANGER
U? CHECK OUT THE TEETH!

13 16
W H YMILLIONS
A R E S H AOF
R KSHARKS
S I M P O RKILLED
TA N T ? IN THE FIN TRADE
17 SHARKS DEPEND ON YOU!
14 BUT THEY ARE IN DANGER
18 PUZZLES AND GAMES (Pages 18-25)
15 MILLIONS OF SHARKS KILLED IN THE FIN TRADE
26 SHARK TEETH EXPEDITION
16 S H A R K S D E P E N D O N YO U !

17 PUZZLES AND GAMES

2
 WHAT IS A SHARK?
Sharks are actually fish! ost fish skeletons are
made out of bone but shark skeletons are made out
of cartila e hey are cartila inous fish
t : Wi k i m e d i a C o
y r ig h mm
Cop on
s

cartilage

bone

Touch
your nose and compare it to
your wrist – cartilage in the nose and
ears is soft and flexible where bone in the
wrist is hard.

3
 DO SHARKS HAVE
SCALES?
nother difference between sharks and re ular fish is
that fish have scales and sharks have skin

heir skin is made up of tooth like structures called

dermal denticles Dermal denticles help the shark to
be more streamlined

skin

scales 4
 WHERE DO WE
FIND SHARKS?
here are more than different species of sharks and you will find them in every
ocean of the world Sharks have inhabited the arth for over million years

5
HABITATS

Different sharks live in different environments you will find

the oceanic whitetip shark in the open ocean while the
aribbean reef shark can be found on the coral reefs! Nurse
sharks also like the coral reef hey can be found restin
in the crevices of rocks

Some sharks prefer sandy bottoms, like the reat

hammerhead, which uses its head like a metal detector to
search for food hidin under the sand

uvenile sharks can sometimes be found in the man roves

i 2 01 1/ M ar
P o te n s k in e
e wD Ph
o
tt h

to b
Ma

ank

open ocean sand mangroves coral reef 6

 SHARK PARTS
yes ost sharks have an
eye on each side of their head
owever, some deep water
sharks do not have any eyes
and rely on other senses to
move around and find food!
ectoral fins he paired
fins on either side of the
shark s body are important
for lift and steerin
7
Dorsal fin he fin on the
shark s back is important for
keepin the shark upri ht Some
sharks have two dorsal fins, one
si nificantly smaller than the
other
elvic fins aired
smaller fins on the
underside of the shark
act as stabili ers
ail he shark swishes this fin
from side to side in order to propel
its entire body forwards t does not
allow for backwards movement, so if
a shark needs to move away from
an ob ect, it is forced to either drift
backwards or to turn away from it
and continue in a forward direction
nal fins aired small fins
on the underside of the shark
closest to the tail that also help
to stabili e the body
 SHARK PARTS
CLOSER LOOK
7 N
he shark s nictitatin
membrane is like their
eyelid t covers the eye
to protect it when the
shark is feedin or
investi atin somethin
new!
T Shark aws have
rows and rows of sharp
teeth hen the shark loses
a tooth, another one shifts
forward in its place like a
conveyor belt
N
he nares
are the
shark s
nostrils t
uses them to
smell!
Sharks breathe throu h their C laspers are
ills Some species of sharks have to swim the paired male reproductive
forward so that water is pushed or an found near the pelvic
over their ills, allowin them to breathe fins emale sharks do not
hese sharks are referred to as ram have claspers.
breathers ther sharks are able to rest on
the bottom and pump water over their ills
by suckin it throu h their mouths his
process is called buccal pumpin
8
 SHARK SENSES

S ost sharks do not have very ood eyesi ht and can

only see thin s that are close to them, so they have to rely
more on their other senses hey can however see in the
dark unlike us humans

S Smell is the most important shark sense hey can

smell tiny amounts of blood from three miles away!

H Sharks do not have e ternal ears but instead have

holes on the sides of their heads that connect to their inner
ear Sharks have very ood hearin and can hear the sound
of splashin from two football fields away!

T Because they do not have hands, sharks use their

mouths to touch and e plore ob ects his is often the case
when sharks mistakenly bite humans hey can also feel
ob ects without actually touchin them

9
 DID YOU KNOW?
SHARKS HA E A SI TH SENSE!

he tiny dots on the snout of a shark are called the

ampullae of oren ini hese or ans detect the
electric pulse in the water that are created by all livin
animals

ammerhead sharks can use ampullae of oren ini like a

metal detector to find stin rays hidin under the sand!

ampullae of Lorenzini

11
 DID YOU KNOW?
STINGRA S ARE FLAT SHARKS!

Sharks and stin rays have almost all the same parts
and senses hey are related! Both sharks and rays fall
under the elasmobranch family as both
are cartila inous fish

12
 WHAT’S ON THE MENU?
WHAT’S
WHAT’S ON
ON THE
THE MENU?
MENU?
WHAT’S
CHECK OUT THEON
TEETH!THE MENU?
CHECK OUT THE TEETH!
CHECK OUT THE TEETH!
ouCHECK
can tellOUT
whatTHE
kindsTEETH!
of food different sharks eat by
lookin
ou canat tell theirwhatteethkindsor ofe food
ample, a nurse
different sharks sharkeat only
by
has ou can tell
very attinytheir what
teeth kinds
that are of food different sharks eat by
lookin
ou can tell what teeth
kinds orofperfect
e food
ample,for acrushin
different nursesharks shark hey use only
eatonly
by
lookin
their at
powerful their teeth
suction to etor e
food ample,
out of ti aht nurse
places shark
and crush
has veryattiny
lookin teeth
their that are
teeth perfect
or eperfect foracrushin
ample,for nurse shark hey only use
has
thin very tiny teeth that are crushin hey use
theirsvery
has
like crabs
powerful and lobsters
suction to et food out of ti ht places and crush
their powerful suctionthat
tiny teeth to etarefood
perfect
out offor crushin
ti ht places and hey use
crush
thin spowerful
their like crabs and lobsters
suction to et food out of ti ht places and crush
thin
i er s like
sharks crabs
have and lobsters
serrated teeth perfect for cuttin
thin s like crabs and lobsters
throu
i er hsharks
turtle shells
have serrated teeth perfect for cuttin
i er sharks have serrated teeth perfect for cuttin
throu h turtle have
i er sharks shellsserrated teeth perfect for cuttin
throu h
emonhsharks turtle shells
teeth are narrow and pointy perfect for
throu turtle shells
catchin
emon sharks and holdin teethon to narrow
are small fish
and pointy perfect for
emon sharks teeth are narrow and pointy perfect for
catchin
emon sharks and holdin on
teeth on tonarrow
areto small fish
and pointy perfect for
catchin and holdin small fish
catchin and holdin on to small fish o rs P
ro g r a m , N E F S C
d at -NO
Pre A
r s P ro g r a m , N E F S C
A-D
a t o ro g r a m , N E F S C - N O
Ape ApeApe Apex

rP eddators P
OC A-DAO-DOA-DO
A
gra m , N E F S - N OA
Pre ators Pro C- N
x x x

d OA
Pre
C C C

lemon shark tiger shark nurse shark

lemon shark
lemon shark tiger shark
tiger shark nurse shark
nurse shark
13
lemon shark tiger shark nurse shark
 WHY ARE SHARKS
IMPORTANT?
Sharks are ape predators
at the top of the food chain
and so control the trophic
levels below them f you
take them away, it causes a
hu e disturbance which
affects all the life in the
ocean

Sharks help to clean up the

ocean by eatin sick,dyin
and in ured animals his
prevents diseases from
spreadin too!

14
 BUT THEY ARE
IN DANGER
ost species of sharks are endan ered his is because
humans are takin too many from the ocean!

he main reason for shark declines is the demand for

Shark fin soup in many sian countries

Bycatch sharks are cau ht accidentally while fishermen

try to catch other types of fish, like tuna nfortunately,
many sharks drown as they can t pump water over their
ills because they are stuck in a net or hooked on a line
for too lon

ig h t: W ik i m e d ia C o m av id Vi z e / M a r i n e
Pho
py r mo
n 20 09 D to
Co
ba
s

nk .

15
 UPWARDS OF 73
MILLION SHARKS
KILLED IN THE FIN TRADE
esearch by the uy arvey esearch
nstitute at Nova Southeastern niversity shows that
upwards of million sharks are killed every
sin le year for their fins alone! his does not
include shark deaths from bycatch and sport fishin ,
which brin s the total to upwards of million
sharks killed by humans every year!

16
 SHARKS DEPEND
ON YOU!

WHAT CAN YOU DO TO HELP?

SAY NO TO SHARK FIN SOUP!
at sustainable seafood like lionfish a hi hly invasive reef
predator that eats native fish r you can eat fish that are
cau ht sustainably like ones that are cau ht with a rod
and reel his method reduces the amount of bycatch
cau ht!

When fishing release all caught sharks.

Do a beach or reef clean-up!

you can
ecycle everything you can. track sharks live via:
Tell your friends and your family that sharks
www.ghritracking.org
are endangered and they need our help!

rotect shark habitats such as mangrove

forests and marine parks.

Support shark research e orts.

17
 1 2
cross word
3 4

5 6

10

ACROSS 1 Male sharks have these

3 There are this many different types of shark
7 Sharks breathe through these
8 Allows the sharks to feel electrical pulses
9 Related to sharks
10 Baby sharks are often found in this habitat

DOWN 2 One of the main reasons for the decline of sharks

4 A shark with distinctive stripes
5 Allows the shark to fee pressure changes in the water
6 The type of fin on the shark s back

19
 POP QUIZ !
1. ?
Black marlin
hale shark
cean sunfish
Blue whale

2. ?
a Shortfin mako shark
b Blue marlin
c ahoo
d Barracuda

T F ?S

4. ?
Bi er sharks
iller whales
Bycatch
Shark fin soup

5. What action does the term shark finning primarily refer

to?
a utting off a shar s fins after it has died
b utting off a shar s fins hen it is still ali e
c anning a shar to cool it do n
d atching shar s for fun

6. What are baby sharks called?

a ups
b Skaklin s
c ubs
d ambs
20
 label game

LABEL THIS SHARK!

CAN YOU REMEMBER ALL OF ITS BODY PARTS?

Build your own shark!

Do you remember all the shark parts and what they

are used for? Build your own shark and then write
about where it lives, what it eats and what it is called!

Shark Name

Draw your shark below

22
 label game

LABEL THIS SHARK!

CAN YOU REMEMBER ALL OF ITS BODY PARTS?

23
 word search
GUY HARVEY’S
SHARKS!

P Y G X L E E W Q N G D B F S

I I F W L E N K S M T A E S H

T C T A I U M I Z M E E N I O

K F H E R N L O G Y R H K L R

C W T S T V I U N N A R S K T

A G E S E I D Y A B F E J Y F

L M D R F W H E P D C M R Y I

B Y T L L U B W R L P M R R N

Y I S K J B N I C R L A E I M

P L W H I T E D C I P H M R A

U T O R X V T K C J N T Z L K

E R A L S O G A P A L A G D O

E C Y J J P K Y F S P E E H U

H Z U O J U O U N D F R C C C

F X P D Y P Z T W O B G Z E O

BLACK TIP LEMON SILVER TIP

BULL NURSE WHALE
CARIBBEAN REEF OCEANIC WHITE TIP
GALAPAGOS WHITE
SHORT FIN MAKO
GREAT HAMMERHEAD SILKY WHITE TIP

24
CROSSWORD

answers
ACROSS DOWN
1. Claspers 2. Shark fin soup
3. Four hundred 4. Tiger shark
7. Gills 5. Lateral line
8. Ampullae of Lorenzini 6. Dorsal fin
9. Stingray
10. Mangroves

POP QUIZ
1. What is the biggest fish in the ocean?
b.
2. What is the fastest fish in the ocean?
a.
3. True or False? Sharks have a 6th sense….
True! A sharks ampullae of Lorenzini allows it to
pick up electrical pulses generated by the muscle
contractions of other animals.
4. What is the biggest threat to global shark popu-
lations?
d.
5. What action does the term shark finning prima-
rily refer to?
b.
6. What are baby sharks called?
a.
7. Which species is an invasive species in the Cari-
bbean?
a.
8. True or False: There is no such thing as a Great
White Shark
True! As there is no “Lesser White Shark”, the co-
rrect term for the Great White is just the white shark
10. True or False? Sharks have scales because they
are fish
False. Sharks are fish, but they have skin – not sca-
les. Their skin is made up of tiny tooth-like structu-
res called dermal denticles! If you ever get to touch
a shark, they feel like sandpaper!
11. True or False? All sharks must swim forward to
breathe
False. Some sharks, like the lemon shark are able to
stop and rest, and pump water over their gills in a
process known as buccal pumping
12. True or False? Tiger sharks can’t stop swimming
True! Lots of sharks, including the tiger shark, are
known as ram ventilators and must continue to
swim forward in order to breathe.
13. How long ago did sharks evolve?
d.
14. How many sharks are killed a year for the shark
fin trade?
a.
15. How many humans a year are killed by sharks?
d.
16. True or False? Stingrays are related to sharks.
True! All rays are related to sharks!

9. How many species of sharks are there?

a.

WORD SEARCH OCEANICWHITETIP

LABEL THIS SHARK
SHORTFINMAKO
BLACKTIP SILKY Answers on Page 7
BULL SILVERTIP
CARIBBEANREEF WHALE
GALAPAGOS WHITE
GREATHAMMERHEAD WHITETIP
LEMON
NURSE

25
[ YOUR SHARK
EXPEDITION ]
on ratulations on becomin a Shark ran ler! our rst e pedition is to e plore the beach for shark s teeth in
St u ustine ake your eld uide and ourney to the beach for your own S D N e
have included a Shark eeth D ard alon with helpful tips on how to nd Sharks eeth on the beach hen
you discover a tooth refer to the Shark eeth D card to identify what shark it came from Share with us your
treasures.

SHARK WRANGLER EXPEDITION TIPS

• Search the shoreline carefully. Take your time.
• Look for shapes that are triangular shape as you look through the sand.
olors ran e from ray, black, brown, and some have reddish colorin
ry scoopin up handfuls of sand in the water s ed e and carefully search throu h the pile
Shark s teeth can be found all year round Sometimes after a storm is the best time to search as
the waves tends to uncover lots a lot of these little treasures from underneath the sand
nce you nd a tooth refer to the ield uide to identify which shark it came from
et us know what shark teeth you found, so we can share with future Shark ran lers and ave un!
Share with us the shark teeth you nd on your e pedition with ammer eadNation or by visitin
www ammerheadNation com

26
 “We all need to unplug from the computer, pack our
gear, get out there and enjoy the wonders of the blue
planet. Become a member of Hammerhead Nation
today, and let’s all join together to Save our Seas!”
uy arvey
hairman, uy arvey utpost esorts

www.GuyHarveyOutpost.com