Pre-Darwinian Evolutionary Theory
Uniformitarianism
1. Lamarckianism
- John Baptiste Chevalier de Lamarck
a. Evolution to Perfection
--“spontaneous generation”
means that species came from
nothing. For example,
“inanimate objects” like rocks
pwede magkaron ng life.
--Species evolve to adapt. They
need to adapt in order to survive
until maging perfect sila for their
environment.
b. Theory of Need
--Organisms change because
they need to.
--They evolve in order to adapt
to their environment
--They only evolve when needed
c. Theory of use and disuse
--a more frequent and
continuous use of any organ
gradually strengthens while the
permanent disuse of any organ,
imperceptibly weakens and
deteriorates it until it finally
disappears
d. Theory of Acquired inheritance
--yung mga naacquire na traits
ng 1st generation, mapapass
sakanilang offspring
2. Catastrophism
- George Cuvier
 Father of paleontology
 1st scientist to document the
extinction of ancient animals
- “fixed species”
- “catastrophe”
- Because of catastrophes, dinosaurs
are now extinct and it caused
changes in the earth’s crust
3.
- Charles Lyell
 Scottish lawyer and geologist
- Nagkaron daw ng changes sa
geological features sa earth kaya
naextinct yung ibang species.
- The earth continues to experience
the change in geological features
Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
- Charles Darwin “Father of Evolution”
- The Voyage of the Beagle (HMS
Beagle)
 1831-1836
 Scientific expedition
 Observe and collect specimens
of plants, etc..
Darwin’s Observations :
1. Diversity
2. There are some fossils that are now
extinct. Earth processes affect the
survival of the species
3. Fossils of gigantic extinct sloth
The Galapagos Island
- Most important observations were
made
- Individual Galapagos island differ
from one another
The diversity of Island Finches
- Darwin proposed that all finches
came from one ancestor
- Finches = birds
Environmental Pressures faced by living
organisms
1. Shortage of food, water, space
2. Predation
Mutations
- these are errors in the copying of
DNA
- mutations can be good or bad
(favorable or not)
5 Major Points of Natural Selection (and Early Hominids
example) - appeared on earth about seven million years ago
1. Variation of Organisms - once lived in mixed vegetation
- their upright posture helped them collect fruits
-red and brown snakes from the trees, travel to different places, and carry
2. Survival of the fittest food and their infants
-brown snakes blend into the soil
3. Adaptation to the environment
-10 out of 25 snakes born will HOMINIDS DESCRIPTION
survive Ardipithecus ramidus - Walked upright
4. Natural selection - more like
chimpanzee-like
-brown snakes will survive and
structure
reproduce Australopithecus - walked upright
5. Speciation anamensis - had some
-brown snakes will increase in chimpanzee-like
population and red snakes will structure
decrease Australopithecus - small capacity for
afarensis vocalization
LAMARCK’S VS DARWIN’S Australopithecus - small canine teeth
africanus and large molars
Lamarck – they adapt to their environment
Australopithecus - large robust skull
to survive robustus - jaw with large teeth
Darwin – those who have favorable traits for chewing
will survive Australopithecus - larger skull and teeth
boisei
Prosimians Homo Habilis - brain larger than that
- first primates of australopethecus
- large eyes used for night hunting - skull more rounded
- long tails used for balancing and climbing and fuller
- used primitive tools
Anthropoids to hunt and gather
- new daytime active primates food
- smaller eye sockets Homo Erectus - Taller with larger
- large brain cases than prosimians brain that h. habilis
- large brain is associated with more complex - first hominid to use
behavior patterns fire
Homo Heidelbergensis - brain larger and
The Origin of Man more rounded than
- 1st book that of H. erectus
Homo - well adapted to living
The Descent of Man neanderthalensis in cold climates
- 2nd book Homo sapiens - made tools out of
- published in 1871 bone, antler, ivory,
- humans are closely related to gorillas and stone, and wood
chimpanzees and are product of evolution - produced fine art
work in carvings and
Hominids cave paintings
- considered as the ancestors of humans due to
their close relatedness with one another