MODULE 2: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Describe complete dominance pattern of inheritance; and
2. illustrate by means of Punnett square a cross involving complete dominance pattern of inheritance.

SUBJECT MATTER: Non-Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance

SUBTOPIC: Complete Dominance

OVERVIEW
COMPLETE DOMINANCE

Another pattern of inheritance is codominance. This results when one

allele is not dominant over the other. The resulting heterozygotes exhibit the
traits of both parents. Both phenotypes are fully expressed in the hybrid genotype.

Complete dominance is a form of dominance in heterozygous condition

wherein the allele that is regarded as dominant completely masks the effect of the
allele that is recessive. For instance, an individual carrying two alleles that are both
dominant (e.g. AA), the trait that they represent will be expressed. But if the
individual carries two alleles in a manner that one is dominant and the other one
is recessive, (e.g. Aa), the dominant allele will be expressed while the recessive allele
will be suppressed. Hence, the heterozygote (Aa) will have the same phenotype
as that of the dominant homozygote (AA). This condition is called complete dominance.
Figure 1: Codominance
Source: www.biologydictionary.net
Codominance also occurs in some less visible traits, such as blood type.
The A and B alleles for blood type can both be expressed at the same time, resulting in type AB blood.

ELICIT
LET’S PICTURE OUT!!

Describe the traits possessed by the offspring showing

incomplete pattern of inheritance.

What happens to the traits of the parents as it is passed on their

offspring?

Figure 2: Codominance in Flower

Source: www.toppr.com

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MODULE 2: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation

ENGAGE
Try to analyze.
Observe the picture at the right.
Describe the traits possessed by the mother and the father.
Describe the traits of the offspring.
Compare it with the traits of the parents.
How do you think the offspring acquire his traits?
Figure 3: Codominance Trait
Source: www.googleimage.com

EXPLORE
ACTIVITY 2
MYSTERY BULL

Objectives
• List the genotypes of the bull and cow in the given problem
• Diagram and complete a Punnett square
• Give phenotypic ratio of the offspring

Materials Figure 4. Codominance in Cows

www.kmbiology.weebly.com
Marking pen
worksheet

Procedure
1. Read the given problem:

2. Determine the possible traits of the calves if

A red (RR) bull is mated with a red (RR) cow 1
A red (RR) bull is mated with a white (WW) cow 2
A roan (RW) is mated with a red (RR) cow 3

3. Illustrate your answers using Punnett square.

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MODULE 2: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation

EXPLAIN
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Will you be able to trace the father of the calves?______________
What are the possible phenotypes of the calves for each cow?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Do you think you will make Mang Marcelino happy about the result of your investigation? How are you
going to explain it to him?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How would you apply what you have learned to improve the breeds of livestock in your area?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What possible suggestions can you give to animal breeders in your area?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

ELABORATE
For a codominant trait, a heterozygous organism will actually express
both alleles. This means that the distinct phenotypes produced by each allele can
both be observed.

Codominance occurs when two heterozygous alleles are fully

expressed. Neither allele can dominate, so they both show up, but they do not blend.
Figure 5: Codominance on Bird
The prefix co- means "together" so you can use that to remember that "both alleles
Source: www.expii.com show up together".
Take a look at the picture above. We have a homozygous blue bird and a homozygous white bird. The
offspring is heterozygous but has blue and white feathers. Neither allele is truly dominant, and the result is an
entirely different phenotype.

In this pattern of inheritance, the phenotypes of both parents are combined into a third, unique phenotype.

LET’S MAKE IT REAL!!

You have a pet, female black dog, and you want to have another set of
pets which are white with black spots. What breed of male dog you
will allow to mate with your dog? Why?
Figure 6: Codominance on Dog
Source: www.en.wikipedia.org

Science Bites: A Science 9 Module

MODULE 2: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation

EVALUATION
Check Your Understanding
Read each statement carefully and choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Pattern of inheritance wherein both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote.
A.Incomplete dominance C. Mendelian pattern
B.Complete dominance D. Sex linked traits
2. A breed of chicken shows codominance for feather color. One allele codes for black feathers, another codes for white
feathers. The feathers of heterozygous chickens of this breed will be:
A.all black C. all white
B.all gray D. speckled black and white
3. In chickens, feather color is codominant. If a black chicken BB is mated with one that is black and white (BW) what
are the chances of having a chicken that is black and white?
A.0% C. 50%
B.25% D. 100%
4. Which of the following is NOT an example of codominance?
A. A child of parents with blood types A and B, who has AB blood type.
B. A calf of a red cow and a white cow, who has a roan coat consisting of red and white hairs.
C. A child of a parent with blue eyes and a parent with brown eyes, who has brown eyes.
D. A flower offspring of red and white flowers, which has both red and white petals.
5. Codominance occurs when ____________.
A. both alleles for a gene are equally expressed C. neither allele is dominant or recessive
B. no one is expressed D. all of the above

EXTEND
Observe the traits of your siblings, identify who inherited traits under complete pattern of dominance.

Read about multiple alleles.

What are the alleles controlling the blood types among humans?

REFERENCES
BOOK
DepEd Module. (2014).Science 9: Learner’s Module, Pasig City, FEP Printing Corporation, pp.32-34

INTERNET/ELECTRONIC SOURCES
Complete Dominance. Retrieved on July 15, 2020 from https://www.biologyonline.com
Types of Non-Mendelian Genetics. Retrieved on July 8, 2020 from http://www.thoughtco.com

Science Bites: A Science 9 Module