Foundation Physics

I
(PHY094)
CHAPTER 2
MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION
 SUB TOPICS
2.1 Displacement, velocity and
acceleration
2.2 Motion Diagrams
2.3 1-D Motion with Constant
Acceleration
2.4 Free Falling Object
 At the end of the session,
student should able to :
• define position, distance, displacement,
average speed, average velocity and
average acceleration.
LEARNING • calculate distance, displacement,
OUTCOMES speed, average speed, average velocity
and average acceleration in one
dimension.
• apply equations of motion with constant
acceleration to solve one dimensional
problems.
• sketch, analyze and use the graphs of
displacement – time, velocity – time and
acceleration – time to solve problems
2.1 DISPLACEMENT
DISPLACEMENT
DISPLACEMENT EXAMPLE
VECTORS AND SCALAR
QUANTITIES
 SPEED

❑ SI unit : meter per second (m/s)

SPEED
PATH LENGTH VS DISTANCE
• Distance depends only on the endpoints
• The distance does not depend on what happens
between the endpoints
• Is the magnitude of the displacement

• Path length (total distance travel) will depend on the

actual route taken
 • It takes time for an object to undergo a
displacement

• The average velocity is rate at which

the displacement occurs

VELOCITY • Velocity can be positive or negative

• Δt is always positive

• Average speed is not the same as the

average velocity

• SI Unit : meter per second (m/s)

 VELOCITY
Average velocity = displacement Vector
elapsed time quantity

⚫Average velocity tells us how fast something is moving and

also the direction of the object.

⚫If an object is moves in the positive direction, ( xf > xi ) then,

vav > 0.

⚫On the other hand, if an object moves in the negative direction,

( xf < xi ) then, vav < 0.
GRAPHICAL INTERPRETATION
OF VELOCITY

• Velocity can be determined from a position-

time graph
• Average velocity equals the slope of the line
joining the initial and final points on the graph
• An object moving with a constant velocity
will have a graph that is a straight line
 AVERAGE VELOCITY, NON-
CONSTANT

• The motion is non - constant

velocity

• The average velocity is the

slope of the straight line
joining the initial and final
points
 INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY
❑ The instantaneous velocity is the average velocity in the limit as the time
interval becomes infinitesimally short.

• Average velocities are the

blue lines

• The green line (tangent) is the

instantaneous velocity
ACCELERATION
AVERAGE ACCELERATION
 AVERAGE ACCELERATION
• A negative acceleration does not necessarily mean
the object is slowing down

• If the acceleration and velocity are both negative,

the object is speeding up

• “Deceleration” means a decrease in speed, not a

negative acceleration
INSTANTANEOUS ACCELERATION
GRAPHICAL INTERPRETATION
OF ACCELERATION
AVERAGE ACCELERATION – GRAPHICAL
EXAMPLE
2.2 MOTION DIAGRAMS
2.3 1-D MOTION WITH CONSTANT
ACCELERATION
EQUATIONS OF MOTION