History of Modern India

Class - 05

Anglo-Maratha
Maratha War
History
of
Modern
india
- By Vision WBCS
 Class - 05

Anglo – Maratha War

 Vision WBCS

 Background

Bajirao I – greatest Peshwa.

Peshwa
Various Maratha families – i. Gaekwad (Baroda), ii. Bhonsle
(Nagpur), iii. Holkar (Indore), iv. Sindhia (Gwalior), v. Peshwa
(Poona).
The
The defeat at third battle of Panipat (1761) and death of
Peshwa Madhavrao I in 1772 weakened the unity of Marathas.
 Vision WBCS

 Causes for the decline of the Marathas

Inept leadership.
Loose political set up.
Inferior military power.
Progressive
Progressive English outlook.
 Vision WBCS

 First Anglo-Maratha
Maratha War
 After Madhavrao’s death (1772), Narayanrao became the peshwa. But
Raghunathrao assassinated him.
‘Barabhai’ (Twelve maratha chiefs) led by Nana Phadnavis, tried to make
‘Sawai’ – the new Peshwa.
Raghunathrao sought help from the English.
The treaty of Surat (1775) was signed.
Later,
Later, with the help of British Calcutta Council, treaty of Purandar (1776)
was signed.
In
In 1777, a port on the West Coast was granted to the French by Nana
Phadnavis.. The English retaliated.
Mahadji Shinde trapped and attacked the English near Talegaon.
The
The English surrendered by mid-January
mid 1779 and signed ‘Treaty of
Wadgaon’.
 Vision WBCS

 Treaty of Salbai (1782)

 The Governor-General
General of Bengal – Warren Hastings was not happy with
the ‘Treaty of Wadgaon’.
Sindhia was finally defeated at Sipri in 1781 under general Camac.
Treaty –
i. Salsette should remain in possession of the English.
ii. Bassein should be restored to Marathas.
iii. The English should not offer any further support to Raghunathrao.
iv. The English will enjoy all the trade privileges as before.
v. No other European nations will be supported by the Marathas.
vi. Mahadji Sindhia will remain the mutual guarantor of this treaty.
 Vision WBCS

 Second Anglo-Maratha
Maratha War
 In 1801, Vithuji was brutally murdered by the Peshwa, Bajirao
II.
Jaswantrao Holkar attacked the combined army of Sindhia and
Bajirao II.
Bajirao II fled to Bassein and signed ‘Treaty of Bassein’ (1802)
with the English.
 Vision WBCS

 Treaty of Bassein (1802)

 Peshwa would receive 6000 troops to be permanently
stationed in Pune.
Surat was given to the English.
Peshwa will accept the Company’s arbitration in all differences
between him and Nizam or Gaekwad.
Gaekwad
The English will control Peshwa’s relation with other states.
 Vision WBCS

 Second Anglo-Maratha
Maratha War
 In 1801, Vithuji was brutally murdered by the Peshwa, Bajirao
II.
Jaswantrao Holkar attacked the combined army of Sindhia and
Bajirao II.
Bajirao II fled to Bassein and signed ‘Treaty of Bassein’ (1802)
with the English.
Sindhia and Bhonsle tried to save Maratha indepence but they
were defeated by the English Army under Arthru Wellesley.
Yashwantrao Holkar tried to fight against the English but he
was also defeated.
 Vision WBCS

Third Anglo-Maratha
Maratha War
The Peshwa attacked the British residency at Poona.
Simultaneously, the English residency of Nagpur, etc were
attacked.
But, the English striked back vigorously and defeated all of
them.
The Peshwa finally surrendered on June, 1818 and the
Maratha confederacy was dissolve.
 Vision WBCS

Thank You!