Abstract

The study was formulated to produce an automatic shut off product by the use of

a timer that can help users lessen the burden of having overcharged phone batteries.

The study used questionnaire as a method of collecting data from the two distinct group

—senior high school students and electricians—, with a total of 30 respondents from

each, to determine any significant difference on the effectiveness in terms of the

preciseness of the function and the accuracy of the voltage.

The results revealed that there's no significant difference between the responses

of the two distinct groups in terms of functionality and accuracy and took the product to

be very good. Thus, the charging station with timer is very convenient for users and truly

reliable and excel for the function it was designed for. Moreover, the data driven from the

responses of both senior high school students and electrician shows that the product is

certainly convenient address the conclusion statement.

 Acknowledgement

The researchers are indebted to a number of persons without whose

cooperation, this study could not have been possible. Sincere and profound gratitude

goes to the following:

First and foremost, we, the researchers would like to thank our Almighty God for

giving us the strength, patience, and wisdom all throughout this journey. For without

Him, we could not accomplish even a thing.

To our parents, thank you so much for the understanding, wonderful care, and

support you have always given to us. In return, we offer to you all our efforts and hard

works not just in this study but in all matters.

Furthermore, the researchers would like to express their profound gratitude to

Mr. Elmar L. Ancog, their research adviser, for his understanding and support, who gave

the researchers knowledge and shared his skill that extraordinarily helped the study and

whose enthusiasm in showing this line of instruction has set another standard towards

the researchers.

Beside this, the researchers want to stretch out their appreciation to the greater

part of the teachers who helped for the improvement of this study. To the validators, who

gave their valuable time, as well as watchful and just remarks and proposals that

extraordinarily enhanced the instruments utilized as a part of the investigation. Through

this, the researchers have been edify to their oversights and qualms. The researchers

would likewise want to stretch out their appreciation to their classmates for the help and

persistent consolation all throughout the investigation. The greater part of their uplifting

comments among the researchers had awesome effect towards completing the

investigation and keeping the researchers' assurance in place and untarnished.

 Dedication

This work is a fruit of countless and arduous sacrifices. Through the researchers’

effort, this work is heartily and proudly dedicated to the people who serve as an

inspiration. From parents and guardians, to classmates and circle of friends whom

extended their help in the midst of problems while doing this work.

To the faculty and staff of Zamboanga del Sur National High School Senior High

School-Stand Alone, Pagadian City. Above all, to our God Almighty who showered us

His blessings in our everyday lives, especially for the strength, courage, patience,

wisdom, time, and guidance in realization of this work.

The Researchers
 Introduction

Overcharging is something which has been bugging the smartphone users for a

long period of time now and there is a generic belief that overcharging somehow spoils

the battery life of the smartphones. This process of frequent and continuous charging

and discharging causes your smartphone to heat-up and thus hampering the strength of

the battery of your smartphone (Singh, 2014).

Shaligram (2015) stated that the battery charging process is divided into two

parts: constant current charging and constant voltage charging. Overcharging by means

of keeping the cell connected to the charger does not lead to gradual loss.  That

depends on the materials used to construct the cell and the cycle life of the cell. 

Overcharging also doesn't cause explosions in cells.  That is normally due to ill-

constructed or designed cells or due to spikes in charging current that the circuit can't

handle.  However, there is one failure mechanism affected by overcharging. That is

electrolyte degradation. The electrolyte used in cells has some degradation reactions at

high end of the voltage. However, since the cell isn't spending too long in the high

voltage zone in testing, the fraction of this parasitic reaction is very small. However, if the

trickle charging time is too long, the amount of parasitic electrolyte degradation reactions

increases. This mode of failure does not show up in performance initially at all. But

when a certain amount of electrolyte has undergone degradation, there is a drastic cell

failure.

Odom (2014) stated that overcharge is a serious concern for batteries connected

in series. It can lead to catastrophic failures in the form of fires and explosions. The

redox shuttle compounds being studied at UK prevent overcharge by transporting

electrons between battery electrodes when excessive current is applied to fully charged

batteries.
 According to Tardy (2015) that there is no impact on your smartphone battery

due to overcharging. This is primarily because your phone and its battery are incredibly

well acclimated to overcharging. Without knowing you, or even what brand and model of

smartphone you own, I can be 100% certain that overcharging has occurred

continuously since the day you obtained the phone. Your battery has not been affected

this far, so shall it remain the same in the future. Your battery isn't going to suddenly

develop a sensitivity to it.

As stated by Jones (2017) that overcharging used to be a major issue for cell

phones, but as technology has improved, it has become less of a problem. However,

that doesn’t mean you should leave your phone plugged in for long periods of time,

especially if your phone is older or if you’re using an off-brand or cheap phone charger.

Pay attention to how your phone responds to charging (with the assistance of Total

Charge). If it gets hot after reaching 100%, then you know you need to immediately

unplug your phone after its done charging to avoid immediate battery damage. An

overheating phone — whether caused by overcharging or a poor-quality charger —

could also spark or start a fire. Additionally, you should steer clear of “fast chargers,”

which can cause your phone to rapidly overheat, which will further damage your phone’s

battery life.

Overheating problems led to electronics retailer Challenger recalling 12,000 units

of its Valore portable power banks in April 2014. Nokia, Dell, Apple, Lenovo, Panasonic,

Sharp, Toshiba, Hitachi and Fujitsu had also recalled products due to overheating

batteries. Lithium-ion batteries supply power to personal electronic devices such as

smartphones and tablets. These batteries are notorious for overheating, which could

lead to a fire or explosion (Chia, 2016).

 Parchani (2017) asserted that charging battery more than its capacity affects the

phone negatively. Overcharging leads to Overheat and you might be familiar that our

phone should be kept safe from overheating. This is because it reduces the life span of a

battery.

Moreover, running out of phone battery gives us serious anxiety. Our whole lives

are on there! It's the alarm clock, the way of communicating with the world. Overcharging

your phone can cause serious problems. If you have an older phone, or a counterfeit

device, overcharging can cause the phone to overheat and catch on fire - which is not

great if you're charging it under your pillow (Hamilton, 2017).

In today’s technology where almost every 6 months, we can see improvements

like batteries. But until now, we Filipinos seem to be stuck with precautionary practices

to protect our gadgets with standards we were following four years ago. Currently in the

market for gadgets, there are two types of batteries; Li-On (Lithium Ion) and Li-Polymer

(Lithium Polymer). Both batteries now have anti-overcharging features that cuts the

electricity to the battery to avoid any battery deterioration. The main difference of the two

is the lifespan of charging where Li-On can take around 300-400 charges before failing

and the Li-Polymer can take 500 to 800 charges before failing down its charge capacity.

Of course the Li-Polymer is more expensive to produce and must not be removed into

the gadget, thus why you see more devices now with non-removable batteries. This is

also a good reason why some brands can lower the prices as they use Li-On only (De

Guzman, 2014).

This study intends to investigate the effectiveness of the charging station with

timer in terms of accuracy and functionality. The study aims to produce a charging

station with timer in order to avoid overcharging and so the battery of your gadgets will

retain its capacity much longer.

Null Hypothesis

The hypothesis below will be tested at (α) 0.05 level of significance:

H01: There is no significant difference in the accuracy of charging station with timer in

terms of the preciseness of function and accuracy of voltage.

H02: There is no significant difference in the functionality of charging station with timer in

terms of its consistency.

 Methodology

This study employed the two group design in which subjects are divided into two

groups and then the results are compared to determine the effectiveness of the product

in terms of accuracy and functionality.

The study utilizes a purposive sampling technique to determine the research

subjects. Crossman (2018) asserted that it is a non-probability sample that is selected

based on characteristics of a population and the objective of the study. This type of

sampling can be very useful in situations when you need to reach a targeted sample

quickly. The said participants will be coming from the senior high school students of

Zamboanga del Sur National High School - Senior High School Stand Alone and experts

in the field of electronics. There are approximately 60 profiles will be used in the conduct

of the study.

The subject of this study is the charging station with timer which purposely

charges your device safely within 0-24 hours timer set with fixed time charges which can

prevent your mobile phones from getting overcharged. This study was initiated to

improvise a charger that is great for devices so you won't have to worry about turning it

off or unplugging it. This equipment will be tested in terms of the accuracy and

functionality of the charging station with timer. Since it is improvised, the availability of

the materials for this product was never a problem. The materials needed are: timer,

charging station, and wires. These were commonly found in repair shops and is cheaper

compared to a brand new. With the help of some experts who will accommodate the

researchers in assembling the product, mechanical and electrical engineers in wiring the

connections on each parts and in order to avoid difficulties, the researchers will be able

to come up with the proper assembly of the product.

 In gathering necessary information from the identified students, the researchers

asked the school registrar of Zamboanga del Sur National High School – Senior High

Stand Alone to provide a copy of the names of the students under the academic track.

The researchers will gather the materials to be tested to determine the accuracy

and functionality of the charging station with timer. A mobile phone will be charged in the

charging station with timer and then the adapter starts operating as soon as you press

the power button and shuts down automatically when time is up, or if you do not wish to

use timer settings, you can simply choose 0 for continuous power supply. It is a great

device which can be used to maintain the battery life of your phone and other devices.

After the timer deactivates, the accuracy and functionality of the product is recorded

through a questionnaire that are given to the respondents.

Eight statements were given to be rated from 1 to 5 based on the performance of

the product. Each number has an adjectival equivalent 1=badly poor; 2=poor; 3=good;

4=very good; 5=excellent.

To determine the significant difference between the three treatments in terms of

the accuracy and functionality of charging station with timer, T-test was used.

The statistical test procedure was run along with the use of the level of

significance, p-value, for the rejection or acceptance of the null hypothesis. Furthermore,

the hypothesis shall be tested at α = 0.05 level of significance. To finally carry out all of

these statistical analyses, the predictive analytics software Statistical Package for Social

Science (IBM SPSS Statistics 20) shall be accustomed.

Charging Station with Timer Flowchart

Power Source

Circuit Board

Selector

Switch

Charging

Off
 The schematic diagram above shows the flow and setting of the charging station

with timer. It starts from consuming 220V of electricity from the outlet, and losing the

connection on an on/off switch inside the charging station with timer. The on/off switch is

a unique type of switch that relies on the feature of the timer. Setting the timer triggers

the switch causing the complete rotation of the electricity which means it is now ready for

charging.

A 24 point dial was used to set as the input mechanism, an hour for every

number and 15mins for every small lines. Once the dial is set to its desired duration the

gears will automatically be turned to the specific extent to which it will rewind itself

equally to the desired duration set on the dial and an indicator LED supported with 51k

ohms and 150k ohms of resistor, will light up once the timer starts to count down and will

turn off if the timer has finished counting down indicating that the flow of current was cut

off and the device has now stopped charging.

 Results and Discussion

Analysis and interpretation of the gathered data will be shown in this area. The

responses of the distinct groups of respondents (Senior High School students &

Electricians) in terms of accuracy and functionality are also presented in tabular form.

Table 1
Production Cost of the Charging Station with Timer

Materials Quantity Cost

Timer 1 P420
LED 1 P10
Socket 1 P29
Switch 1 P28
Transformer 1 P79
Motor with gears 1 P52
Glue Stick 2 P24
Resistor 2 P10
Wire ½ meter P15
Total P667

Table 1 shows the production cost of the charging station with timer that includes

the following materials: timer, LED bulb, socket, switch, transformer, motor with plastic

gears, and glue stick. As shown on the table, timer costs 420 pesos with a quantity of

one, LED bulb costs 10 pesos with a quantity of one, socket costs 29 pesos with a

quantity of one, switch costs 28 pesos with a quantity of one, transformer costs 79 pesos

with a quantity of one, motor with plastic gears costs 52 pesos with a quantity of one,

glue sticks cost 24 pesos with a quantity of two, resistor cost 10 pesos with a quantity of

two, wire cost 15 pesos with a quantity of ½ meter with a total sum of P667.00.

Table 2.1
 Responses of the Senior High School students in terms of the accuracy

of the charging station with timer

Statement Indicators Mean SD Description

1. The charger automatically turns 4.40 0.724 Very Good

off in a given time.
2. Voltage output is compatiblefor 4.10 0.803 Very Good
mobile phones.
3. Voltage output is safe for mobile 0.928 Very Good
phones. 3.97
Overall Average 4.16 0.611 Very Good
Numerical Scale: 1=badly poor; 2=poor; 3=good; 4=very good; 5=excellent.

Table 2.1 shows the responses of the senior high school students in

terms of accuracy of the charging station with timer. First statement quoted as "The

charger automatically turns off in a given time" has a mean of 4.40 with a standard

deviation of 0.724, which considered as very good. Second statement, "Voltage output is

compatible for mobile phones" has a mean of 4.10 with standard deviation of 0.803

which is very good in the numerical scale. The last statement, "Voltage output is safe for

mobile phones" has a mean of 3.97 with a standard deviation of 0.928, which can be

interpreted as very good. Finally, the overall assessment for the respondents of the

senior high students about the accuracy of the charging station with timer is "very good"

which can validated through the mean of 4.16.

Table 2.2
Responses of the electricians in terms of the accuracy

of the charging station with timer

Statement Indicators Mean SD Description

1. The charger automatically turns 4.47 0.681 Very Good

off in a given time.
2. Voltage output is compatiblefor 3.87 0.776
mobile phones. Very Good
3. Voltage output is safe for mobile 3.63 0.809 Very Good
phones.
Overall Average 4.00 0.441 Very Good
Numerical Scale: 1=badly poor; 2=poor; 3=good; 4=very good; 5=excellent.

Table 2.2 shows the responses of the electricians in terms of accuracy of

the charging station with timer. First statement quoted as "The charger automatically

turns off in a given time" has a mean of 4.47 with a standard deviation of 0.681, which

considered as very good. Second statement, "Voltage output is compatible for mobile

phones" has a mean of 3.87 with standard deviation of 0.776 which is very good in the

numerical scale. The last statement, "Voltage output is safe for mobile phones" has a

mean of 3. 63 with a standard deviation of 0.809, which can be interpreted as very good.

Finally, the overall assessment for the respondents of the electricians about the

accuracy of the charging station with timer is "very good" which can validated through

the mean of 4.00.

Table 2.3
Summary of the Responses Give by Two Distinct Groups of Respondents (Senior

High School Students & Electricians) in terms of the accuracy

of the charging station with timer

Statement Indicators Average Description

 Senior High School Students 4.16 Very Good

Electricians 4.00
Very Good
Overall Average 4.08 Very Good

Table 2.3 represents the summary of the responses given by the two

group of respondents in terms of accuracy of the charging station with timer. The senior

high school students has an average mean of 4.16, which can be interpreted as "Very

Good". The electricians has an average mean of 4.00, which is also interpreted as "Very

Good". Overall mean of the two groups of respondents about the accuracy of charging

station with timer is 4.08, which can be describes as "Very Good".

Table 3.1
Responses of the Senior High School students in terms of the functionality of the

charging station with timer

Statement Indicators Mean SD Description

1. The product can charge the 4.53 0.776 Very Good

mobile phones.
2. The product works immediately 4.33 0.758 Very Good
as soon as the timer has been set
off.
3. The charger is convenient to 4.20 0.714 Very Good
use.
4. Product is user-friendly. 4.20 0.805
Very Good
5. Performance of the product is 4.43 0.774 Very Good
consistent after consecutive use.
Overall Average 4.34 0.573
Very Good
Numerical Scale: 1=badly poor; 2=poor; 3=good; 4=very good; 5=excellent.

Table 3.1 shows the result of responses of the senior high school

students in terms of functionality of the charging station with timer. First statement stated

"The product can charge the mobile phones" has a mean of 4.53 with a standard

deviation of 0.776, which considered as very good. Second statement, "The product

works immediately as soon as the timer has been set off" has a mean of 4.33 with

standard deviation of 0.758 which can be interpreted as very good. The third statement,

"The charger is convenient to use" has a mean of 4.20 with a standard deviation of

0.714, which is very good in the numerical scale. The fourth statement was about

"Product is user-friendly" has a mean of 4.20 with a standard deviation of 0.805. The last

statement "Performance of the product is consistent after consecutive use" has a mean

of 4.43, with a standard deviation of 0.774. Finally, the overall results for the

respondents of the senior high students about the functionality of the charging station

with timer is "very good" with the overall average mean of 4.16.

Table 3.2
Responses of the electricians in terms of the functionality of the charging station

with timer

Statement Indicators Mean SD Description

1. The product can charge the 4.53 0.681 Very Good

mobile phones.
2. The product works immediately 4.20 0.610 Very Good
as soon as the timer has been set
off.
3. The charger is convenient to 4.03 0.669 Very Good
use.
4. Product is user-friendly. 4.07 0.828 Very Good
5. Performance of the product is 4.00 0.643 Very Good
consistent after consecutive use.
Overall Average 4.17 0.379 Very Good
Numerical Scale: 1=badly poor; 2=poor; 3=good; 4=very good; 5=excellent.

Table 3.2 shows the result of responses of the electricians in terms of

functionality of the charging station with timer. First statement stated "The product can

charge the mobile phones" has a mean of 4.53 with a standard deviation of 0.681, which

considered as very good. Second statement, "The product works immediately as soon

as the timer has been set off" has a mean of 4.20 with standard deviation of 0.610,

which can be interpreted as very good. The third statement, "The charger is convenient

to use" has a mean of 4.03 with a standard deviation of 0.669, which is very good in the

numerical scale. The fourth statement was about "Product is user-friendly" has a mean

of 4.07 with a standard deviation of 0.828. The last statement "Performance of the

product is consistent after consecutive use" has a mean of 4.17, with a standard

deviation of 0.379. Finally, the overall results for the respondents of the electricians

about the functionality of the charging station with timer is "very good" with the overall

average mean of 4.17.

 Table 3.3
Summary of the Responses Give by Two Distinct Groups of Respondents (Senior

High School Students & Electricians) in terms of the functionality

of the charging station with timer

Statement Indicators Mean Description

Senior High School Students 4.34 Very Good

Electricians 4.17
Very Good
Overall Average 4.26 Very Good

Table 2.3 represents the summary of the responses given by the two

group of respondents in terms of functionality of the charging station with timer. The

senior high school students has an average mean of 4.34, which can be interpreted as

"Very Good". The electricians has an average mean of 4.17, which is also interpreted as

"Very Good". Overall mean of the two groups of respondents about the functionality of

charging station with timer is 4.08, which can be describes as "Very Good".

Table 4

Group Statistics

Respondents N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Accuracy SHS students 30 4.1556 .61109 .11157

Electricians 30 3.9889 .44190 .08068

T-test for Two Independents Sample on the Effectiveness of the Charging Station

with Timer in terms of Accuracy

 Independent Samples Test

Levene's
Test for
Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence

Sig. Interval of the

(2- Mean Std. Error Difference

F Sig. t Df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper

Accuracy Equal
variances 1.907 .173 1.210 58 .231 .16667 .13768 -.10894 .44227
assumed

Equal
variances not 1.210 52.817 .231 .16667 .13768 -.10952 .44285
assumed

T-test for two independent sample on the responses in terms of accuracy that

senior high school students and electricians revealed that the computed value of 1.210

is lesser than the tabular value of 2.0017 at 5% level of significance. This means that

there is no significant difference on the responses given by the two distinct groups of

respondents (SHS students and Electricians) on the effectiveness of the charging station

with timer in terms of accuracy. Results revealed that the product is accurate, which

means it can turns off automatically, and safe to use.

Table 5
T-test for Two Independents Sample on the Effectiveness of the Charging Station

with Timer in terms of Functionality

Group Statistics

Respondents N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Functionality SHS students 30 4.3400 .57331 .10467

Electricians 30 4.1667 .37905 .06920

 Independent Samples Test

Levene's
Test for
Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence
Interval of the

Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error Difference

F Sig. t Df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper

Functionality Equal
variances 1.201 .278 1.381 58 .172 .17333 .12548 -.07785 .42451
assumed

Equal
variances not 1.381 50.286 .173 .17333 .12548 -.07867 .42533
assumed

T-test for two independent sample on the responses in terms of functionality that

senior high school students and electricians revealed that the computed value of 1.381

is lesser than the tabular value of 2.0017 at 5% level of significance. This means that

there is no significant difference on the responses given by the two distinct groups of

respondents (SHS students and Electricians) on the effectiveness of the charging station

with timer in terms of functionality. Results revealed that the product is functional, which

means it can really charge the mobile phones.

Summary and Findings

1. The total production cost of the Charging Station with Timer was P667.00 consisting

of a timer, LED bulb, socket, switch, transformer, motor with plastic gears, glue stick,

resistor, and wire.

2. The overall evaluation for the response of the senior high school on the accuracy of

the Charging Station with Timer is "Very Good" which can be verified through the mean

of 4.16.

3. The overall evaluation for the response of the electrician on the accuracy of the

Charging Station with Timer is "Very Good" which can be verified through the mean of

4.00.

4. The overall measure of the mean of the two groups of respondents (Senior High

School Students and Electricians) about the accuracy of the Charging Station with Timer

is 4.08, which can be described as “Very Good”.

5. The overall evaluation for the response of the senior high school on the functionality of

the Charging Station with Timer is "Very Good" which can be verified through the

weighted mean of 4.34.

6. The overall evaluation for the response of the electricians on the functionality of the

Charging Station with Timer is "Very Good" which can be verified through the weighted

mean of 4.17.

7. The overall measure of the mean of the two groups of respondents (Senior High

School Students and Electricians) about the functionality of the Charging Station with

Timer is 4.26, which can be described as “Very Good”.

8. T-test for two independent sample on the responses in terms of accuracy, senior high

school students and electricians, revealed that the computed value of 1.210 is lesser

than the tabular value of 2.0017 at 5% level of significance.

9. T-test for two independent sample on the responses in terms of functionality, senior

high school students and electricians, revealed that the computed value of 1.381is lesser

than the tabular value of 2.0017 at 5% level of significance.

Conclusion
Based on the findings, the following results are concluded:
• Responses from senior high students in terms of the product's accuracy

expressed as 'very good' corresponding an average mean of 4.16. In addition to

that, responses from electricians conceived as 'very good' corresponding an

average mean of 4.00.

• Responses from senior high students deem as 'very good' corresponding an

average mean of 4.34 in terms of the product's functionality. Moreover,

responses from electricians conceived as 'very good' corresponding an average

mean of 4.17.

• There is no significant difference on the responses of the respondents of two

distinct groups in terms of accuracy of charging station with timer.

• There is no significant difference on the responses of the respondents of two

distinct groups in terms of functionality of charging station with timer.

Recommendation
 Based on the results of the Charging Station with Timer, the researchers have

arrived with the following recommendations for future studies and is a subject for major

improvement.

1. Add USB port outlets, leaving the normal ports available for other devices for

multiple accessibility.

2. A digital timer instead of mechanical timer for the convenience of all ages.

3. An alarm system which triggers when timer sets off to notify the user

immediately.