MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF BUSINESS SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN
MANAGEMENT
MODULE CODE LSC 133
MODULE NAME PRINCIPLES OF LOGISTICS and
TRANSPORT

MODE OF ENTRY HARARE WEEKEND SCHOOL

NAME OF LECTURER
HRLM 1:2
NAMES JAIROS MATARE R1912679Z
Question 6
Green logistics.
Environmental sustainability in industrial senses has become a subject of
great attention in modern business.Intensifying carbon emissions and
global warming are demanding substantial efforts by businesses towards
ensuring the sustainment of the environment .(Sevgi Tuzun Rad , 2017)
Global competition is forcing organisations to reduce carbon emissions
and now businesses have to face not only with time and perfomance
challenges but with the society `s point of concern about the
environment .( Bolat et al , 2011) .Organisations are moving forwad
with a sense of social responsibility and adopting green logistics in order
to design cleaner manufacturing processes and manage environmental
risks by embarking or finding on alternative resourses , eliminating
packages , reverse-supply chains and re-arrangement of distribution
channels .(Alzaman 2014).
Green logistics also refered to as eco-logistics is a measure and a
sustainable policy taken by the logistics field or industry to totally
eliminate or minimise the environmental impact on transportation ,
warehousing and other logistical activities in the supply chain
process.The policy is configured to create a sustainable value that
balances the economic and environmental efficiences.
Green logistics helps a business` commercial perfomance along with its
environmental image and provide more efficient uses of resources while
also enabling recycling and reverse logistical process (Yanginlar and
Sari , 2014).In carbon emissions , which is seen as as one of the causes
of climate change , and to reduce this , the concept of green logistics is
becoming prominent in the supply chain path leading to sustainability.
Logistics is a physical network that connects consumers , the market and
the producers and its basic functions include sourcing and procurement,
planning and forecasting , transportation and distribution. Logistical
operations can be viewed as product and service flows involving
activities such as storage , transportation , value adding activities ,
insurance and stock management .(Tanyas and Arikan , 2013)
Seuring and Muller , (2008) defined green logistics as the management
of the flow of knowledge , materials and funds between organisations
which aim at growing with emphasis on social and environmental
sustainabilty with product design , raw materials preferences ,
manufacturing of goods , packaging ,transportation and recycling. Green
logistics unifies the strategies for product development and
environmentally sensitive methods for manufacturing and service.
Organisations which practice green logistics manufacture goods with the
minimum energy expenditure in a way to make them durable and easily
recycleable and also consume less energy during during transportation
and do not release more waste .They prefer re-usable containers , pallets
and cases e.g Delta Beverages ,in the manufacture , packaging and
casing of the Chibuku Super beer , every material used in the process is
recycleable. From the point of designing packaging on to the pollution
arising from the use of products by consumers , organisations observe
the stages of the logistical processes with care for the environment
which include : (i) green purchasing
(ii) green production
(iii) green transportation
(iv) green packaging
(v) reverse logistics . (Beduk and Aydin , 2012)
Green production is the implementation of preventative enviromental
management strategies in a cordinated manner in the production process,
the total elimination of the risks on human health and environmental
values and the improvement of efficiency and the whole idea is focused
on producing goods and services with less waste.(Yucel et al , 2008)
Green transportation is one of the fundermental function of green
logistics.This manages the movement of all materials in the supply chain
process which involves both the in-bound and out-bound processes from
the producer to the end user.According to Shang et al .(2010) green
transportation encompasses factors such as fuel used by transporting
vehicles, frequency of trips and the distance between the supplier and
buyer.
Green purchasing purchasing is the practice of purchasing goods and
services with negative environmental effects .It is the preference of
materials that are fewer adverse effects on human health and
environment .Many factors are considered on green purchasing and
these include the amount and types of energy and resources used in the
production process, the cleanlines of the manufacturing processes , the
means of distribution.
Green packaging which is also known as ecological packaging is defined
as the best method of packaging which values human and animal health
and the environment throughout the lifecycle ,using re-usable or
recycleable materials.The packaging of fizzy drinks in re-usable bottles
at Delta Beverages is an important example of green packaging.
Rervese logistics is the recycling of unwanted materials e.g waste
materials , boxes , empty drums papers etc and repurposing them for
production and the utilisation of returned or faulty products. Stock .,
(2001) defined reverse logistics as the role of logistics in the reuse of
products , recycling, continuance of and reuse of materials , elimination
of waste and remanufacturing .This also involves the activity of planning
, implementing and controlling the efficient flow of raw materials , semi-
completed or final products and relevant information fro the point of
consumption to the initial stage ( Ince , 2013)
Green logistics applications add to the cost of training and purchasing of
environmentally -friendly materials but reduce the storage costs ,
inventory , transportation and energy consumption as this appraises the
institutional image and enhancement of customer satisfaction in terms of
consumer awareness on sustainability . Minimising the environmental
harms van be possible through effective strategies for sustainability in
which organisations must transport their products in large bulks, utilise
environmentally-friendly and efficient transportation and distribution
systems,reduce the packaging operations ,use recyclable materials for
packaging and encourage reverse-logistics programs.

References
Alzaman C ,(2014) , Green Supply Chain Modelling , international
journal of business performance supply chain management

Seuring and Muller , (2008) , A conceptual framework for sustainable

supply chain management

Sevgi Tuzun Rad, (2017) Green logistics in sustainability management

Bolat et al ,( 2011)

Yanginlar and Arikan , (2013)

Beduk and Aydin , (2012)

Yucel et al , (2008)

Shang et al ,(2010)

Ince , (2013)