HEAD AND NECK TERMS TO KNOW

Module 1: Skull
 Inferior View (Netter 8 and 10)
o Incisive fossa
o Greater palatine foramina
o Lesser palatine foramina
o Zygomatic process
o Hamulus
o Medial plate of pterygoid
o Lateral plate of pterygoid
o Greater wing of sphenoid
o Foramen rotundum
o Foramen ovale
o Foramen spinosum
o Foramen lacerum
o Articular process of the temporal bone
o Mandibular fossa
o Styloid process
o Petrotympanic fissure
o Carotid canal
o External acoustic meatus
o Mastoid process
o Stylomastoid foramen
o Mastoid notch for the posterior belly of the digastric muscle
o Jugular fossa
o Hypoglossal canal
o Occipital condyle
o Pharyngeal tubercle
o Foramen magnum
o Inferior nuchal line
o Superior nuchal line
o External protuberance
o Vomer bone

 Superior view (Netter 9 and 11)

o Frontal crest
o Foramen cecum
o Anterior ethmoidal foramen
o Posterior ethmoidal foramen
o Crista galli
o Cribriform plate
o Optic canal
o Superior orbital fissure
o Lesser wing of the sphenoid
o Anterior clinoid process
o Greater wing of the sphenoid
o Groove for the middle meningeal artery and vein

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 HEAD AND NECK TERMS TO KNOW

o Body of the sphenoid bone

o Prechiasmatic groove
o Sella turcica
o Tuberculum sellae
o Hypophyseal fossa
o Dorsum sellae
o Posterior clinoid process
o Groove for internal carotid artery
o Carotid canal
o Squamous portion of the temporal bone
o Hiatus and groove for the lesser petrosal nerve
o Hiatus and groove for the greater petrosal nerve
o Internal acoustic meatus
o Groove for superior petrosal sinus
o Groove for sigmoid sinus

Module 2: Introduction to Neck

 Bones and Cartilages:
o Body of the hyoid bone
o Greater horn of the hyoid bone
o Lesser horn of the hyoid bone
o Thyroid cartilage
o Cricoid cartilage
o Tracheal cartilages
o Vertebra C1 to C7

 Fasciae and Membranes

o Enveloping layer of the deep cervical fascia
o Carotid sheath
o Pretracheal fascia
o Prevertebral fascia

 Muscles
o Platysma
o Sternocleidomastoid
o Trapezius
o Superior and inferior bellies of the omohyoid
o Sternohyoid
o Sternothyroid
o Thyrohyoid
o Stylohyoid
o Anterior belly of the digastric
o Posterior belly of the digastric
o Intermediate tendon of the digastric
o Levator scapulae
o Anterior scalene

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 HEAD AND NECK TERMS TO KNOW

o Middle scalene
o Posterior scalene

 Nerves
o Lesser occipital
o Great auricular
o Transverse cervical
o Supraclavicular
o Phrenic
o Superior root of the ansa cervicalis
o Inferior root of the ansa cervicalis
o Nerve to the thyrohyoid
o Vagus (CN X)
o Spinal accessory (CN XI)
o Hypoglossal (CN XII)
o Ventral primary ramus of C2 – C4

 Arteries
o Subclavian
o Thyrocervical
o Inferior thyroid
o Transverse cervical
o Suprascapular
o Vertebral
o Internal thoracic
o Costocervical trunk

 Veins
o Internal jugular
o External jugular
o Subclavian
o Brachiocephalic
o Superior thyroid
o Middle thyroid
o Inferior thyroid

 Glands and Organs

o Thyroid gland
o Trachea
o Esophagus

Module 3: CNS and ANs of Head

 Nerves:
o Olfactory
o Optic

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 HEAD AND NECK TERMS TO KNOW

o Oculomotor
o Trochlear
o Trigeminal
o Ophthalmic (V1)
o Maxillary (V2)
o Mandibular (V3)
 Trigeminal ganglion
 Abducent
 Facial
o Vestibulocochlear
o Glossopharyngeal
o Vagus
o Spinal accessory
o Hypoglossal

 Ganglia
o Ciliary
o Pterygopalatine
o Otic
o Superior cervical sympathetic
o Middle cervical sympathetic
o Inferior cervical sympathetic
o Stellate

Module 4: Endocranial Cavities

 Nerves:
o Olfactory
o Optic
o Oculomotor
o Trochlear
o Trigeminal
 Ophthalmic (V1)
 Maxillary (V2)
 Mandibular (V3)
o Trigeminal ganglion
o Abducent
o Facial
o Vestibulocochlear
o Glossopharyngeal
o Vagus
o Spinal accessory
o Hypoglossal

 Meninges
o Dura mater
 Meningeal layer

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 HEAD AND NECK TERMS TO KNOW

 Endosteal layer
 Falx cerebri
 Falx cerebelli
 Tentorium cerebelli
 Diaphragma sellae
o Arachnoid mater
 Subarachnoid mater
 Arachnoid villi
o Pia mater

 Dural Venous Sinuses

o Superior sagittal sinus
o Inferior sagittal sinus
o Straight sinus
o Cavernous sinus
o Superior petrosal sinus
o Inferior petrosal sinus
o Transverse sinus
o Sigmoid sinus

 Arteries
o Internal carotid
o Middle meningeal

 Glands
o Pituitary

Module 5: Orbit
 Muscles:
o Levator palpebrae superioris
o Superior rectus
o Superior oblique
o Medial rectus
o Lateral rectus
o Inferior rectus
o Inferior oblique
 Nerves
o Ophthalmic
o Frontal
o Nasociliary
o Supraorbital
o Supratrochlear
o Lacrimal
o Oculomotor
o Superior division
o Inferior division

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 HEAD AND NECK TERMS TO KNOW

o Optic
o Trochlear
o Abducent

 Arteries and Veins

o Ophthalmic
o Superior ophthalmic vein

 Glands
o Lacrima
Module 6: Infratemporal Fossa and TMJ
 Muscles:
o Masseter
o Temporalis
o Lateral pterygoid
o Medial pterygoid

 Nerves
o Posterior superior alveolar
o Auriculotemporal
o Deep temporal
o Lingual
o Chorda tympani
o Inferior alveolar
o Buccal branch of V3
o Nerve to the mylohyoid

 Arteries
o External carotid
o Superficial temporal
o Maxillary
o Inferior alveolar
o Middle meningeal
o Deep temporal
o Buccal
o Posterior superior alveolar
o Infraorbital
o Descending palatine
o Sphenopalatine

 Veins
o Maxillary
o Superficial temporal
o Retromandibular

 Fasciae, ligaments and disc

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 HEAD AND NECK TERMS TO KNOW

o Temporomandibular joint capsule

o Temporomandibular ligament
o Sphenomandibular ligament
o Stylomandibular ligament

 Articular disc of TMJ

Module 7: Nasal Cavity

 Bones and Cartilages
o Septal cartilage
o Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
o Vomer
o Inferior concha
o Middle concha
o Superior concha
o Arteries
o Descending palatine
o Greater palatine
o Lesser palatine
o Infraorbital
o Sphenopalatine

 Spaces and Openings

o Nasal cavity
o Vestibule of the nasal cavity
o Sphenoethmoidal recess
o Choanae
o Superior meatus
o Middle meatus
o Inferior meatus
o Hiatus semilunaris
o Opening of the nasolacrimal duct
o Maxillary foramen
o Opening of middle ethmoidal cells

 Mucosal Elevations
o Superior concha
o Middle concha
o Inferior concha
o Bulla ethmoidalis (ethmoidal bulla)

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 HEAD AND NECK TERMS TO KNOW

 Paranasal Sinuses
o Frontal sinus
o Maxillary sinus
o Ethmoidal sinuses
o Sphenoid sinus

 Nerves
o Maxillary
o Infraorbital
o Greater palatine
o Lesser palatine
o Nasopalatine
o Pterygopalatine ganglion

Module 8: Oral Cavity

 Glands
o Submandibular gland
o Sublingual gland
o Submandibular duct
o Sublingual caruncle
o Sublingual fold
o Opening of the parotid duct

 Muscles
o Mylohyoid
o Geniohyoid
o Hyoglossus
o Genioglossus
o Styloglossus
o Stylohyoid
o Palatoglossus
o Stylopharyngeus
o Anterior belly of the digastric muscle

 Nerves
o Lingual
o Chorda tympani
o Glossopharyngeal
o Hypoglossal
o Inferior alveolar nerve
o Nerve to the mylohyoid
o Submandibular ganglion

 Arteries
o Facial
o Lingual

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 HEAD AND NECK TERMS TO KNOW

o Nasopalatine
o Descending palatine artery
o Greater palatine artery
o Lesser palatine artery

 Lymph Nodes
o Submental
o Submandibular
o Jugulodigastric

Module 9: The Ear

 Bones
o Malleus
o Incus
o Stapes

 Muscles
o Stapedius
o Tensor tympani

 Nerves
o CN IX
o CN X
o Lesser petrosal nerve
o Tympanic plexus
o Internal carotid plexus
 Ear structures
o Auricle
o External acoustic meatus
o Tympanic membrane
o Auditory tube
o Cochlea

Module 10: The Face

 Muscles
o Orbicularis oculi
o Orbicularis oris
o Platysma
o Masseter
o Zygomaticus major
o Buccinator

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 HEAD AND NECK TERMS TO KNOW

 Nerves
o Temporal branches of the facial
o Zygomatic branches of the facial
o Buccal branches of the facial
o Mandibular branches of the facial
o Cervical branches of the facial
o Supraorbital nerve
o Infraorbital nerve
o Mental nerve
o Buccal branch of V3
o Auriculotemporal nerve
o Great auricular nerve

 Arteries
o Facial
o External carotid
o Maxillary
o Superficial temporal
o Transverse facial
o Supraorbital
o Infraorbital
o Buccal
o Mental

 Veins
o Facial
o Common facial
o Superficial temporal
o Retromandibular
o External jugular

 Glands and Associated Structures

o Parotid duct
o Parotid gland
o Submandibular gland

Module 11: Pharynx

 Muscles:
o Superior pharyngeal constrictor
o Middle pharyngeal constrictor
o Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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 HEAD AND NECK TERMS TO KNOW

o Levator veli palatini

o Tensor veli palatini
o Stylopharyngeus
o Salpingopharyngeus
o Palatopharyngeus
o Palatoglossus

 Mucosal Folds and Elevations

o Tubal elevation (torus tubarius)
o Salpingopharyngeal fold
o Palatoglossal fold
o Soft palate
o Uvula
o Epiglottis

 Spaces and Openings

o Choanae
o Opening of the auditory (Eustachian) tube
o Pharyngeal recess
o Piriform fossa
o Nasopharynx
o Oropharynx
o Laryngopharynx
o Pharyngeal isthmus
o Tonsillar sinus

 Tonsils
o Pharyngeal
o Palatine
o Lingual

 Nerves
o Glossopharyngeal
o Internal branch of superior laryngeal

Module 12: Larynx

 Bones, Cartilages and Joints:
o Hyoid bone
o Thyroid cartilage
o Superior horn of the thyroid cartilage
o Inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage
o Lamina of the thyroid cartilage
o Laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage
o Cricoid cartilage
o Epiglottic cartilage
o Arytenoid cartilage

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 HEAD AND NECK TERMS TO KNOW

o Muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage

o Vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage
o Cricothyroid joint
o Cricoarytenoid joint

 Muscles
o Cricothyroid
o Posterior cricoarytenoid
o Lateral cricoarytenoid
o Transverse arytenoid
o Oblique arytenoid
o Thyroarytenoid
o Vocalis
o Aryepiglottic

 Nerves
o Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
o External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
o Recurrent laryngeal

 Mucosal Folds
o Aryepiglottic
o Vestibular fold (false vocal cord)
o Vocal fold (true vocal cord)

 Spaces and Openings

o Aditus (laryngeal inlet)
o Vestibule (supraglottic cavity)
o Ventricle
o Rima glottidis
o Infraglottic cavity

 Membranes and Ligaments

o Thyrohyoid membrane
o Cricothyroid ligament
o Quadrangular membrane
o Conus elasticus
o Vocal ligament

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