PRÁCTICA CALIFICADA 4

1.

Solución:
Ya Transformada de Laplace a todo:
x

[
L [ y ՚ ՚ ] + L [ y ՚ ] −4 L [ y ] −L 4∫ y dx =L [ e
0
] 2x
]

Recordando: L
[∫ ]0
y dx

x
f (s) L [ F( x) ]
Si L [ F (x) ]=f (s) ; L
[∫ ]
0
F( x) dx =
s
=
s

Entonces:
L[ y ] 1
x 2 L [ y ] −x y ( 0)− y ՚ (0 )+ xL [ y ] − y ( 0)−4 L [ y ] −4 = ; y =0 ; y ՚ (0)=2
x x−2 (0 )
L[ y ] 1
x 2 L [ y ] −2+ xL [ y ] −4 L [ y ]−4 =
x x −2
x
x 3 L [ y ] + x 2 L [ y ] −4 xL [ y ] −4 L [ y ]= +2 x
x−2

3 2 2 x 2−3 x
L [ y ] ( x + x −4 x−4)=
x−2
x (2 x−3)
L [ y ]=
( x−2)2 (x +1)( x+2)

Ahora tomando la inversa:

x( 2 x−3) 23 1 5 7 23 2 t e2 t 5
y=L−1
[ (x−2)2 (x +1)(x +2)
=L−1
] [
72( x −2)
+ L−1

6 ( x−2)2
+ L −1
] [
9( x +1)
−L−1
] [ =
8 ( x +2 ) 72 ] [
e + + e
6 9 ]
2.

Solución:
Tomando la Transformada de Laplace a todo:

L [ x ՚ (t ) ]=L [ y (t ) ]−L [ z (t ) ] sL [ x (t ) ]−x ( 0)=L [ y (t ) ]−L [ z (t ) ]

{ {
L [ y ՚ ( t) ] =L [ x (t ) ] + L [ y (t ) ] → sL [ y (t ) ]− y ( 0)=L [ x (t ) ]+ L [ y ( t) ]
L [ z ՚ ( t) ] =L [ x (t ) ] + L [ z( t ) ] sL [ z (t ) ]−z (0 )=L [ x( t ) ]+ L [ z (t ) ]

Siendo: x (0 )=1; y ( 0)=2 ; z (0 )=3

sL [ x (t ) ]−1=L [ y ( t) ] −L [ z (t ) ]

{sL [ y (t ) ] −2=L [ x( t ) ]+ L [ y (t ) ]
sL [ z (t ) ]−3=L [ x( t ) ]+ L [ z (t ) ]

Al resolver este Sistema de ecuaciones de 3 variables, lo ponemos en función de s:

s−2 3 s2−2 s−2 2 s2−2 s−2

L [ x( t ) ]= ; L [ z ( t) ] = ; L y
[ ( t ) ] s (s−1)2
=
s (s−1) s (s−1)2

Para resolver esto de manera rápida, usas Symbolab, en lugar de L [ x( t ) ] pones “a”, para
L [ x( t ) ] pon “b” y para L [ x( t ) ] pon “c” y para “s” pon “m”. Esta calculadora virtual:

https://es.symbolab.com/solver/system-of-equations-calculator
 3 s2 −2 s−2
Piden: L [ z( t ) ]= Tomas la inversa de transformada de Laplace
s ( s−1 )2

3 s 2−2 s−2
z (t )=L−1
[ s ( s−1)2
]
=−2+5 e t −e t t

3.

Solución:
Tomando la Transformada de Laplace a todo:

L [ x ՚ (t) ]+ L [ x(t ) ]+ L [ 2 y (t ) ]=0

{[ ]
L 3 x(t ) + L [ 2 y (t ) ] + L [ y ՚( t ) ]=0

sL x (t ) −x (0)+ L [ x (t ) ] +2 L [ y ( t) ] =0
[ ]
{ [ ]
3 L x(t ) +2 L [ y (t ) ] + sL [ y ( t ) ]− y (0 )=0
; x( 0)=1 ; y (0 )=2

L x (t ) (s+1)+2 L [ y ( t ) ] =1
{ [[]]
3 L x (t ) + L [ y( t ) ] (s +2)=2

Por metodo de Cramer:

L [ x( t ) ]=
|12 2
s+ 2| =
s+2−4
=
s−2
=
−1
+
6
( s +1 ) 2 ( s +1 ) ( s+ 2 )−( 6) ( s+ 4)(s−1) 5(s−1) 5(s +4 )
| 3 ( s+ 2) |
L [ y ( t ) ]=
|s+3 1 12| =
2 s−1
=
1
+
9
2
( s +1 ) 2 s +3 s−4 5(s−1) 5(s+ 4)
| 3 (s +2) |
Aplicando inversa de la Transformada de Laplace:

6 −1 −1 1 6 1 −1 t 6 −4 t
x (t )=L−1
[ −1
+
5(s−1) 5(s+ 4)
=
5
L
s−1 5 ]
+ L−1
s+ 4
=[ ]
5
e+ e
5 [ ]
 1 9 1 1 9 1 1 9
y (t )=L−1
[ + = L−1
5(s−1) 5 (s +4) 5 ]
+ L−1
s−1 5 s +4 5 5 [ ]
= e t + e−4 t [ ]
1 9
Respuesta: y ( t )= e t + e−4 t
5 5
4.

Solución:

L [ x ՚(t ) ]=L [ x(t) ] −L [ y ( t ) ]+ L [ e t ]

{[ ]L y ՚ (t ) =L [ 2 x(t) ]+ L [ 3 y (t ) ] + L [ e−t ]

sL x ( t ) −x( 0)=L [ x (t ) ]−L [ y (t ) ] + L [ et ]

{[][ ]
sL y (t ) − y (0) =2 L [ x (t ) ]+ 3 L [ y (t ) ] + L [ e−t ]
; x (0 )=1 ; y (0 )=0

1 s

{ L [ x (t ) ] ( s−1 ) + L [ y (t ) ]=1+ =
s−1 s−1
−2 L [ x (t ) ] + L [ y (t ) ] ( s−3 )=
1
s +1
2
L [ x (t ) ] ( s−1 ) s−1 + L [ y (t ) ] (s−1)s−1=1
{ L [ x (t ) ] (−2)( s+1)+ L [ y ( t) ] ( s−3 ) (s +1)=1

Con método de Cramer para el sistema de ecuaciones:

s−1

L [ x( t ) ]=
|1
s
1 ( s−3 ) ( s+1) | =
FALTA s3 −2 s 2−4 s−1
=
−3
+
5 s−13
(s−1)(s +1)( s −4 s+ 5) 2 ( s−1 ) 2( s2 −4 s+5)
2
( s−1 )2

| |
(s−1)
s s
−2(s +1) ( s−3 ) (s +1)
 ( s−1 )2

L [ y ( t ) ]=
| s
−2(s+1) 1
1
| =
falta 1−3 s
( s−1 )
2
( s−1) (s−1)(s+1)(s 2−4 s +5)

| s s
−2(s+1) ( s−3 ) (s+1) |
Tomando la inversa: falta

1 89
x (t )=L−1
[ −s−2
− +
3(s−1) 8 ( s+ 1 ) 24(3 s−5) ]
5.

Solución:
2
La Serie de Fourier de la función: f (t )=t

a0 ∞
f (t )= + ∑ (an cos(n ω 0 t )+ bn Sen( n ω0 t))
2 n=1
T/2 ∞
2 1 1 t3 π 2π2
siendo:a 0= ∫
T −T /2
f (t ) dt= ∫ t 2 dt =
π −π π 3 −π
=
3 |
T
2 ∞
2 1
a n= ∫ f (t ) cos ( n w0 t ) dt = ∫ t 2 cos ( nt ) dt
T −T π −π
2

Integrando por partes: u=t 2 ; dv=cos ( nt ) dt → du=2tdt ; v=Sen (nt)/n

π π n
−1 2tSen ( nt ) −2 4 (−1)
a n= ∫ dt = ∫ tSen ( nt ) dt = 2
π −π n nπ −π n
Del mismo modo para bn :
T
2 2 π
1 −t cos ( nt ) π 2 2 tSen ( nt ) cos (nt ) π
b n=
π
∫ f (t ) Sen ( n w 0 t ) dt = −1
−T π n ( −π nπ −π )|
+ ∫ tCos ( nt ) dt=
nπ n ( +
n2 )|
−π
=0
2

a0 ∞ π2
∞
4 (−1)n
f (t )= + ∑ an cos (nt)= + ∑ cos (nt)
2 n=1 3 n =1 n2
 ∞ n
π2 4 (−1)
Para t=0: f (t )= +∑ cos(0)=0
3 n=1 n2
∞
4 (−1 )n ∞
−π 2 π2 (−1)n
=∑ →− =4 ∑
3 n=1 n2 3 n =1 n2
∞
(−1)n −π 2
Respuesta: ∑ =
n=1 n2 12

6.

Solución:
Ya Transformada de Laplace a todo:

L [ y ՚ ՚ ՚ ] + L [ −3 y ՚ ՚ ] + L [ 3 y ՚ ] + L [ − y ] =L [ t 2 et ]

L [ y ՚ ՚ ՚ ] −3 L [ y ՚ ՚ ] + 3 L [ y ՚ ] −L [ y ] =L [ t 2 e t ]
3
[s L [ y ]−s 2 y (0 )−s y ՚ (0 )− y ՚ ՚ ( 0) ] −3 [ s 2 L [ y ] −s y (0)− y ՚ ( 0) ] +3 [ sL [ y ]− y (0) ] −L [ y ] =L [ t 2 e t ]

Ya que: y (0 )=1 ; y ՚ (0)=0 ; y ՚ ՚ ( 0)=−2

[ s3 L [ y ] −s2 +2 ] −3 [ s 2 L [ y ] −s ]+ 3 [ sL [ y ] −1 ]−L [ y ] =L [ t 2 e t ]
2
L [ y ] [ s 3−3 s2 +3 s−1 ] = 3
+ s2−s−2 s +1
(s−1)
2 s (s−1) 2s 1
L [ y ]= + − +
(s−1) ( s−1) ( s−1) (s−1)3
6 3 3

Ahora tomando la inversa:

2 s (s−1) 2s 1 1 s s 1 t
y=L−1
[ 6
+ 3
− 3
(s−1) ( s−1) (s−1) (s−1)
+ 3
=2 L−1
( s−1)6
+ L−1
]
(s−1)2
−2 L−1
[
( s−1 ) 3
] [
+ L−1
( s−1 ) 3
=
12 ] [ ] [ ]
t 5 t t t et t 2
y= e + e −e t−
120 2

t5 t
Piden: e → Respuesta :1/120
120