1. How does the character of terrain influence the choice of the design of highways?

` (Jessie Jade S. Duroja, BSCE 3A) The character of terrain does influence the choice of
the design of highways by these have pronounced effect on highway location, geometrics and
determination of the type of highway. As the terrain and the gradient increases the construction
cost will increase for a specific design speed. So, to keep the construction cost and time under
control, the geometric standards vary with different terrain or topography. This is hence classified as
steeper gradients and sharper curves.
2. For a radius of 250 m , what is the degree of curve. For 350 m
(Jessie Jade S. Duroja, BSCE 3A) The degree of curve for 250 m is 22.92 degrees. The
degree of curve for 350 m is 16.37 degrees.
3. What is a deflection angle. Show a diagram showing the relationship of a deflection angle
and the central angle of a simple curve
(Jessie Jade S. Duroja, BSCE 3A) The deflection angles are the angles between a
tangent and the ends of the chords from the PC.

4. Draw a compound curve showing the relationship of the two radius as given in the general
control that states “Where topography or RROW restrictions make their use necessary, the
radius of the flatter curve should not be more than 50 % greater than the radius of the sharper
curve.”

5. Draw a diagram showing the use of spiral curve between two circular curves for the design
of horizontal alignment. Label the elements of each curve