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ANNEXURE II
CONSTITUTIONS (DEVELOPING AND DEVELOPED)
United Kingdom Pakistan India USA France Turkey China
System of Govt. Parliamentary Parliamentary Parliamentary Presidential Semi-presidential Presidential Semi-Presidential

HEAD OF STATE
Title Crown President President President President President President
Election Crown is chosen from Electoral college Electoral college Electoral Collage of Directly elected by Directly elected by Elected by
royal family (Members of (Members of 538 Members (Equal people by absolute people by absolute NPC(National People
Parliament and Parliament and State to members of majority majority Congress)
Provincial Assemblies) Congress and 3 seats)
Assemblies)
Qualification Crown is from royal (i)President must be (i)President must be (i)President must be (i) President must be (i) President must be (i)President must be
family born Muslim citizen born citizen of India born citizen of USA born citizen of France born citizen of Turkey born citizen of China
of Pakistan (ii) Age 35 years (ii) Age 35 years (ii) Age 35 years (ii) Age 40 ears (ii) Age 40 ears
(ii) Age 45 years (iii) He must not hold (iii) He must not hold (iii) He must not hold (iii) He must not hold (iii) He must not hold
(iii) He must not hold any other govt. office any other govt. office any other govt. office any other govt. office any other govt. office
any other govt. office (iv) Eligible to (iv) He must be (iv) Must have
(iv) Eligible to become member of resident in USA from completed Higher
become member of Parliament last 14 yrs Education
Parliament
TERM Life 5 Years 5 Years 4 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years
Legislative Addresses Parliament Addresses Parliament Addresses Parliament POTUS gives annual Addresses Parliament Addresses GNA Addresses NPC
Powers annualy, Signs the bill annualy, Signs the bill annualy, Signs the bill address to congress, annualy, Signs the bill annualy, Signs the bill annualy, Signs the bill
to Make it a law, to Make it a law, to Make it a law, He can send messages to Make it a law, to Make it a law, to make it a law,
Dissolves the Dissolve the Dissolve the to congress, He can Dissolve the Dissolve the GNA, Issues Ordinance on
parliament on advice parliament on advice parliament on advice veto the bill passed by parliament on advice Summons and advice of PM
of PM, Summons and of PM, Summons and of PM, Summons and legislature which of PM, Summons and Prorogues GNA
Prorogues parliament Prorogues parliament, Prorogues parliament, requires 2/3 majority Prorogues parliament
Issues Ordinance on Issues Ordinance on of congress to Issues Ordinance on
advice of PM advice of PM override advice of PM
Executive Appoints PM, Appoints PM, Appoints PM, President is chief Appoints PM, Chief Executive, Appoints Premier,
Powers Appoints cabinet on Appoints cabinet on Appoints cabinet on executive, All Appoints cabinet on Appoints cabinet, Appoints State
advice from PM, advice from PM, advice from PM executive order are of advice from PM, Appoints other Council on advice
Appoints other Appoints other Appoints other president, President Appoints other executive officials from Premier,
executive officials on executive officials on executive officials on makes executive executive officials on Appoints other
advice of PM advice of PM advice of PM. appointments, advice of PM. executive officials on
President choose his advice of Premier.
cabinet.
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United Kingdom Pakistan India USA France Turkey China

Diplomatic Appoints Diplomats, Appoints Diplomats, Appoints Diplomats, Appoints Diplomats, Appoints Diplomats, Appoints Diplomats, Appoints Diplomats,
Powers Signs Signs Signs Signs Signs Signs Signs
Treaties/Agreements Treaties/Agreements Treaties/Agreements Treaties/Agreements Treaties/Agreements Treaties/Agreements Treaties/Agreements
Military Powers Appoints Military Appoints Military Appoints Military Appoints Military Appoints Military Appoints Military Appoints Military
officials, Mobilization officials, Mobilization officials, Mobilization officials, Mobilization officials, Mobilization officials, Mobilization officials, Mobilization
of Troops, of Troops, of Troops, of Troops, of Troops, of Troops, of Troops,
Commander in Chief Commander in Chief Commander in Chief Commander in Chief Commander in Chief Commander in Chief Commander in Chief
of Armed Forces of Armed Forces of Armed Forces of Armed Forces of Armed Forces of Armed Forces of Armed Forces
Judicial Powers Grants Pardon, Grants Pardon, Grant Pardon, Grant Pardon, Grant Pardon, Grant Pardon, Grant Pardon,
Reprieve and Appointment of Appointment of Appointment of Appointment of 1/3rd Appointment of Appointment of
Clemency Judges on advice of Judges on advice of Judges members of Judges Judges on advice of
PM PM Constitutional Council PM

NOTE  Every decision taken  Every decision taken  Every decision taken (i) All presidential  Every decision taken   All decision taken by
by Crown is on the by President is on the by President is on the appointments require by President is on the president must be
advice of PM advice of PM advice of PM confirmation by advice of PM approved by NPC and
Senate. Standing Committee
(ii) All Treaties signed of NPC
require ratification by
Congress

LEGISLATURE

Parliament: House of Parliament: Lok Congress: House of

Parliament: National Parliament: National Grand National National Peoples'
Titles Commons and House Sabha and Rajiya Representatives and
Assemble and Senate Assemble and Senate Assembly Congress
of Lords Sabha Senate

LOWER HOUSE

Composition 650 342 543 435 577 600 2980

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United Kingdom Pakistan India USA France Turkey China

Term 05 years 05 years 05 years 02 years 05 years 05 years 05 years

25 years, Citizen, Not 25 years, Citizen, Not

25 years, Citizen, Not 25 years, Citizen, Not
25 years, Citizen, Not 25 years, Citizen, Not convicted by court of 25 years, Citizen, Not convicted by court of
convicted by court of convicted by court of
convicted by court of convicted by court of Law, Not hold other convicted by court of Law, Not hold other
Law, Not hold other Law, Not hold other
Law, Not hold other Law, Not hold other office of profit, Law, Not hold other office of profit,
Qualifications office of profit, office of profit and
office of profit office of profit Resident of US for office of profit Completed primary
Article 62 and 63 registered voter
7years Education

Elections Direct Elections Direct Elections Direct Elections Direct Elections Direct Elections Direct Elections Indirect elections

FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF LOWER HOUSES

Legislative To Make Law, To To Make Law, To To Make Law, To To Make Law, To To Make Law, To
To Make Law, To To Make Law, To
Powers Amend laws, To Amend laws, To Amend laws, To Amend laws, To Amend laws, To
Amend laws. To Amend laws, To
repeal Laws Along repeal Laws Along repeal Laws Along repeal Laws Along repeal Laws Along
repeal Laws repeal Laws
with Upper House with Upper House with Upper House with Upper House with Upper House
Executive All decision taken by
Debates Executive Controls ExecutiveDebates Executive
Powers Controls Executive Controls Executive Controls Executive Executive must be
policy (PM and cabinet) policy
approved by NPC
Impeachment of
By 2/3 rd MajorityBy 2/3 rd MajorityBy 2/3 rd MajorityBy 2/3 rd Majority
President
___ along with Upperalong with Upperalong with Upperalong with UpperBy 2/3 rd Majority By 2/3 rd Majority
house house house house

Military Powers Declare War along Declare War along Declare War along Declare War along Declare War along
Declare War Declare War
with Upper House with Upper House with Upper House with Upper House with Upper House
Financial Complete control over Complete control over Complete control over Complete control over Complete control over
Powers finances. Purse of finances. Purse of finances. Purse of finances. Purse of finances. Purse of
Nation, Money Bills Nation, Money Bills Nation, Money Bills Nation, Money Bills Nation. Money Bills
Complete control overComplete control over
originate in Lower originate in Lower originate in Lower originate in Lower originate in Lower
finances. Purse offinances. Purse of
house Money Bills house Money Bills house Money Bills house Money Bills house Money Bills
Nation Nation
passed by lower house passed by lower house passed by lower house passed by lower house passed by lower house
can not be rejected by can not be rejected by can not be rejected by must be approved by can not be rejected by
Upper house Upper house Upper house Upper house Upper house
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United Kingdom Pakistan India USA France Turkey China

Diplomatic
Powers Ratification of Treaty
Debate, and controlsDebate and controlsDebate and controls Debate andDebate and
Debate along with Upper
the executive the executive the executive ratification of treaties Ratification of treaties
house

Judicial Powers 3 out of 15 members

Role in Appointment Impeachment of1/3 members ofof ConstitutionalNPC elects the
---- of Judges of superior- ---- Federal Judges alongConstitutional CouncilCourt arepresident of Supreme
courts with Upper House by NA president appointmented byPeople’s Court
GNA
Constitutional
Amendment By Simple majorityBy 2/3rd MajorityBy 2/3 rd MajorityBy 2/3 rd MajorityBy 2/3 rd Majority
along with Upperalong with Upperalong with Upperalong with Upperalong with Upper By 2/3rd Majority  By 2/3rd Majority
house house house house and 3/4 states house

UPPER HOUSE

Composition 800 104 245 100 348

Term Life Long 6 years 6 years 6 years 6 year

30 years, Citizen, Not

Qualifications hold other office of
Different Types 30 years, same as Lok
30 years, same as NA profit, Resident of US 30 years, same as NA    
Sabha
for 9 years, resident of
respective state
Elections Appointed by: PM, Indirectly through
By Provincial
Crown, some heridatary By State legislatures Directly by the people Regional and Local    
assemblies
members government
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United Kingdom Pakistan India USA France Turkey China

FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF UPPER HOUSES

Legislative To Make Law,

Powers To Amend laws To Make Law,
To repeal Laws Along To Make Law, To Make Law, To Make Law,
To Amend laws,
with lower house To Amend laws To Amend laws To Amend laws
To repeal Laws ____ ___
To repeal Laws Along To repeal Laws Along To repeal Laws Along
Along with lower
with lower house with lower house with lower house
house

Executive Debate Executive Debate and controls,

Debate Executive Debate Executive Debate Executive
Powers Policies Confirmation of    
Policies Policies Policies
Officials
Impeachment of ___
President 2/3 rd Majority along 2/3 rd Majority along 2/3 rd Majority along 2/3 rd Majority along
   
with Lower house with Lower house with Lower house with Lower house

Military Powers Declare War along Declare War along with Declare War along Declare War along Declare War along
with Lower House    
Lower House with Lower House with Lower House with Lower House
Constitutional
Amendment Simple majority along 2/3 rd Majority along 2/3 rd Majority along
2/3 rd Majority along 2/3 rd Majority along
with Lower house with Lower house and    
with Lower house with Lower house with Lower house
3/4 states
Diplomatic
Powers Ratification of Treaty
Ratification of Treaty
Debate Foreign Policy Debate Foreign Policy Debate Foreign Policy along with lower along with Lower    
house, Confirmation
house
of Diplomates

Judicial Powers 1/3rd members of

Appointment of SC Confirmation of
Constitutional council
judges Limited Role -------------- Judges of Federal
are appointed by
courts
President of Senate    

COMPARISON OF 1956, 1962 AND 1973 CONSTITUTIONS OF PAKISTAN

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1956 1962 1973

Drafted by 2 Constituent Assembly
nd
Drafted by Constitutional Reforms Approved by National Assembly of
Commission and approved by Gen. Pakistan
Ayub Khan
Enforced on 23 rd March 08 June 14 August
Written Written Written
234 Articles 250 Articles 280 Articles
Partly Rigid: 2/3 Majority of legislature
rd
Partly Rigid: 2/3 Majority of legislature
rd
Partly Rigid: 2/3rd Majority of legislature
is needed for constitutional amendment is needed for constitutional amendment is needed for constitutional amendment

Parliamentary System Presidential System Parliamentary System

Unicameral: House of People with 156 Bicameral: National Assembly 342
Unicameral: House of People with 310 members members
members Senate: 104 members
Federation Federation Federation
3 lists with residuary powers with 1 list with residuary powers with 2 lists with residuary powers with
Federal government Provinces provinces
Fundamental Rights Fundamental Rights Fundamental Rights
Independence of Judiciary Independence of Judiciary Independence of Judiciary
Directive Principles of State Policy Directive Principles of State Policy Directive Principles of State Policy
---- Basic Democracy System was ---
established as local government system
which is to perform 3 functions: Elect
President, Elect National Assembly and
work as Local Government
---- ---- Article 6 is added which is meant to
protect the constitution from abrogation
and suspension unconstitutionally.

Official Language: Urdu and Bengali
Islamic Provisions:
No law against Islam, Islamic Republic
of Pakistan, Objectives Resolution,
Head of state must be muslim,
Establishment of Commission for
Islamic Recommendations
513
Official Language: Urdu and Bengali
Islamic Provisions:
No law against Islam, Islamic Republic
of Pakistan, Objectives Resolution,
Head of state must be muslim, Advisory
Council of Islamic Ideology
Official Language: Urdu
Islamic Provisions:
No law against Islam, Islamic Republic
of Pakistan, Objectives Resolution,
Head of state must be muslim, Council
of Islamic Ideology, Article 62, 63