Nash or Iet Decreasing Insomnia JT de 2020

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Decreasing Insomnia among College Students with Dyspepsia

Gastritis: The Role of Islamic-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Fuad Nashori1*, Bahril Hidayat2, Lukman3, Ary Antony Putra2, Yogi Kusprayogi1,
Raden Rachmy Diana4
1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Socio-Cultural Sciences, Universitas Islam

Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
2
Department of Early Childhood Islamic Education, Islam Religion Faculty, Universitas Islam
Riau, Pekanbaru, 28288, Indonesia
3
Department of Islamic Religious Education, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universitas Islam
Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
4
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities,
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: fuadnashori@uii.ac.id
Abstract
Insomnia appears to be fundamental for human beings, as 50% of the total human
populations suffers from this disease. College students are among the most affected
ones, especially those who undergo dyspepsia gastritis. One of the efforts made to
decrease insomnia is applying Islamic-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Islamic-CBT)
which combines Islamic approach to a popular conventional psychological approach,
namely Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The study aims to explore the effectiveness of
Islamic-CBT in decreasing insomnia among college students with dyspepsia gastritis.
The subjects are 30 college students who suffer dyspepsia gastritis. Insomnia among the
subjects is determined by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) by Morin (2002). The data
analysis was conducted by ANOVA mixed statistical design to determine the difference
between treatment and control groups during Pre-test, Post-test 1, and Post-test 2. The
results of the study indicate that Islamic-CBT is effective in decreasing insomnia among
college students with dyspepsia gastritis.
Keywords: Islamic-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Islamic psychology, insomnia,
dyspepsia gastritis
ISSN 1869-0459 (print)/ISSN 1869-2885 (online)

© 2020 International Research Association for Talent Development and Excellence
http://www.iratde.com
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INTRODUCTION
Human beings spend a quarter to one-third of their lifetime to sleep as it
determines ideal quality of their lives. Individual’s peacefulness can also be fulfilled
with good quality of life. As recited from Qur’an (Al Anfaal [8]:11) “[Remember] when
He overwhelmed you with drowsiness [giving] security from Him...” and in (Al
Furqaan [25]:47) "And it is He who has made the night for you as clothing and sleep [a
means for] rest ..." These verses indicate that sleep is God’s grace and it gives human
beings serenity in their lives.
However, some people have sleeping disorders which is started with difficulty
before start sleeping, lack of sleep, and bad sleeping quality. One common type of
sleeping disorders is insomnia. It appears with the inability to start sleeping, to maintain
sleeping time (Pinto et al, 2010), early to rise or inadequate time to sleep (Patelaros &
Argyriadou, 2004).
A study indicates that 50% of adults in United Kingdom suffer from insomnia
(Nashori, Nugraha, & Wulandari, 2019). Based on a polling in United States in 8-14
March 2020 conducted by National Sleep Foundation (2019) specifies that people who
suffer from insomnia are 59% of adult (30-64 years old), 44% of elderly (more than 65
years old), and 54% of children. A study by Japardi (in Adeleyna, 2008) shows that
each year 20-40% of adults in Indonesia have sleeping disorders, in which 17% of the
total case is in severe stage.
Insomnia is a striking phenomenon in early adulthood (Rompas, Engka, &
Pangeman, 2013). Nashori and Wulandari (2017) mention that college student is one of
the most vulnerable targets of insomnia. The condition is strongly stimulated by the use
of communication and information technology, for instance, television, video, internet,
and social media in their rest times. The study is in-line with the results of studies by
Nashori and Diana (2004) and Wulandari and Trimulyaningsih (2015). These studies
illustrate that college students have low sleeping quality and suffer from insomnia due
to lifestyle and maladaptive behavior which worsen their sleeping quality.
The aforementioned symptoms occur to college students with dyspepsia gastritis.
Kaplan, Sadock, and Grebb (2010) asserts that gastric ulcer is a form of psychosomatic
disorders. In general, patient with dyspepsia is prone to anxiety, depression, and other
neurotic disorders (Mudjaddid, 2006). Thus, triggered by these psychological disorders,
college students tend to suffer primary or psychogenic insomnia (Patelaros &
Argyriadou, 2004).
Experts offer their views on the effect of insomnia to human’s life. According to
Leproult, Copinschi, Buxton, and Van Cauter (in Wade & Tavris, 2007), when an
individual is lacking of sleep, the body will not be able to operate normally. For
instance, it cuts the required hormone for muscle development and immunity system.

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Additionally, Gryglewska (2010) indicates that sleeping disorder causes decreasing

immune, increasing weight, rising blood pressure, declining concentration and memory,
and improving emotional frailness. Rizqiea and Hartati (2012) assert that insomnia
disturbs its sufferers’ life, including college students, by decreasing their immunity and
mood. Therefore, it contributes to poor life performances, such as, erratic time
scheduling and concentration problems.
Efforts have been made to solve this behavioral disorder, by applying
conventional psychology approach, Islamic psychology approach, or combination of
both approaches. One of the conventional psychology approaches which has been
effectively applied is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT for insomnia).
A study by Taylor and Pruiksma (2014) indicates that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is
successful in maintaining depression, anxiety, post-traumatic syndrom, and substance
abuse disorders. Norell-Clarke, Jansson-Fröjmark, Tillfors, Holländare, and Engstrom
(2015) assert that CBT for insomnia reduces severe insomnia and depressive symptoms,
and improves sleeping quality. A study by Nashori, Sumedi, and Wulandari (2019) also
indicates that the approach enhances college students’ subjective well-being.
One of the challenges to assure that a particular approach works properly is its
suitability with individual or community. Islamic-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
(Islamic-CBT) enables Western-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy understood by
using local context (Olagoke & Khan, 2016). In this case, Islamic community will be
drawn to the approach as it utilizes Islamic teachings.
Islamic-CBT is an integration of Islamic and conventional psychology
approaches. Nashori, Diana, and Hidayat (2020) mention that there are two approaches
in Islamic psychology, namely original Islamic psychology approach and integrative
Islamic psychology approach. When an intervention is made by Islamic psychology,
both in original Islamic psychology approach and in integrative Islamic psychology
approach, it aims at either increasing or decreasing cognitive, affective, and behavioral
dimensions according to healthy life principles based on Islamic perspectives.
Moreover, one of the derived behaviors includes insomnia. This study focuses on the
use of Islamic-CBT as a part of integrative Islamic psychology approach.
As Islamic-CBT is an integration of Islamic teachings and Western-based
psychological approach on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Olagoke and Khan (2016)
prefer to use Islamic integrated cognitive behavioral therapy. Experts state that Islamic
integrated cognitive behavioral therapy has been designed to help Muslim clients to
handle depression by omitting negative, irrational, and unrealistic thoughts. The aim of
the therapy is to stimulate client’s future target, self-acceptance, relaxation, life purpose,
and life meaning. Islamic-CBT is an improved therapy which is mainly based on CBT
theory. This therapy focuses on changing client’s irrational thoughts by inhabiting
Islamic values in the process (especially, Islamic concepts on hope, life meaning, and

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gratitude). Abdelati (2016) explains that Islamic-CBT puts forward Islamic values and
attributes to cure psychological and behavioral disorders by giving emphasis on spiritual
improvement.
An essential part in Islamic-CBT is the Quranic Hope Drive (QHD) which
consists of reciting, understanding, interpreting, internalizing, and practicing Qur’an in
daily life (Olagoke & Khan, 2016). The starter is listening to Qur’an recitation, or
commonly called murrotal. Studies, for instance, illustrate that therapy using murrotal
is effective in decreasing insomnia (Wulandari & Trimulyaningsih, 2015; Sari & Asiva
2019; Aprilini, Mansyur, & Ridfah, 2019), decreasing anxiety (Mar’ati & Chaer, 2016),
achieving greater calm, and improving mental health (Mahjoob, Nejati, Hosseini,&
Bakhsani, 2016). However, murrotal has its limitation. It mainly points out on creating
relaxing condition during Qur’an recitation and it does not address the disorder
accordingly. Hence, Islamic-CBT, in this sense QHD, not only creates a relaxing
condition, but also activates cognitive dimension and individual behavior.
Beside QHD, Islamic-CBT also consists of Salat Consistency (SC) and Prophetic
Self-Talk (PST). Psychologically, salat (Muslim prayer muslim prayer/prescribed
obligatory prayer, five times a day) provides several benefits, for instance, shaping
routines and positive behavior continuity (psychomotor) which may lead to other
positive behavior. Additionally, PST is utilized in the forms of dhikr and pray for
people around us (Olagoke & Khan, 2016). There are several studies that indicate the
power of prayers in decreasing insomnia. A study by Verasari (2014) and Pujiati and
Febita (2019) illustrate that Spiritual Emotion Freedom Training (SEFT) which applies
prayer in one of its sessions is proven effective in decreasing insomnia. Purwanto and
Hadjam (2006) also indicate that religious relaxation, using dhikr, is successful in
lowering client’s insomnia. These studies illustrate that dhikr were successful to
enhance sleeping quality (Atiyaningsih & Wulandari, 2017) and sleeping duration
(Jamil & Ismail, 2019).
Therefore, the study aims to explore the effectiveness of Islamic-CBT in
decreasing insomnia among college students with dyspepsia gastritis. Hypothesis of the
study is there is a difference in the level of insomnia between control group and
treatment group. The treatment group which receives Islamic-CBT training successfully
decreases the level of insomnia than the control group which does not receive Islamic-
CBT training.
RESEARCH METHODS
Subject of the study was college students, in the range of 18 – 23 years old. They
suffered dyspepsia gastritis and lived in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The
researchers used random sampling to decide the subject. There were 30 college students
who were divided into control group (15 college students) and treatment group (15

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college students). The grouping decision was made based on age range, gender
distribution, and insomnia Pretest score.
The research design was mainly taken from Pretest – Posttest Control Group
Design (Myers & Hansen, 2012). There were three tests applied Pre-test, Post-test 1,
and Post-test 2. Post-test 1 was tested immediately after the treatment group received
the training. Post-test 2 was given two weeks after the treatment group took Post-test 1.
Post-test 2 aimed to measure consistent changes occurred after Post-test 1 was given.
Table 1. Research design
Group Pre-test Treatment Post-test 1 Post-test 2

Treatment group Pre-test X Post-test 1 Post-test 2
Control Group Pre-test ~X Post-test 1 Post-test 2
The scales used in this study were adopted from Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)
which covered: 1) difficulty in starting to sleep, 2) difficulty in remaining sleep, 3)
difficulty in waking up early, 4) satisfaction with current sleep pattern, and 5)
perception on life quality and psychological burden. ISI had been tested by Morin
(2004) to respondents in the range of 17 – 84 years. Morin’s respondents suffered
psychogenic and organic insomnia. ISI is accurate on 94% of sensitivity and 94% of
specificity, with mean (SD) for patient with insomnia (n=145) is 19.7. Reliability of
each item in this scale is between 0.74 to 0.78, r=0; p<0.05.
Islamic-CBT combines an existing therapy (CBT) and Islamic concept on
cognitive-behavioral approach as proposed by al-Ghazali. Al-Ghazali (Olagoke &
Khan, 2016) mentioned that belief is similar to a guard that helps improving individual
comprehension on the world. Belief is built on structures that consists of experience,
knowledge, and life targets. Moreover, al-Ghazali asserts that belief leads to self-esteem
and certainty in which failure occurs as a delayed success and things happen for positive
reasons. Islamic-CBT consists of cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects with three
approaches, namely, Quranic Hope Drive (QHD), Salat Consistency (SC), and
Prophetic Self-Talk (PST). In implementing QHD, the clients read, comprehend,
interpret, internalize, and implement Quranic verses in their daily lives. Next, they
evaluate the result of the aforementioned process. QHD mainly covers three Qur’an
verses about hopes that The Almighty proposes to His creatures, such as, changes in
situation (Ar-Ra'd [13]:11), mental strength (Al Baqarah [2]: 286), and composure after
a trial (Ash-Sharh [94]: 5-6).
Next, Salat Consistency (SC) reflects one’s piety in conducting religious rituals.
As an individual conducts salat, a person has expressed their devotion and aspiration on
cognitive interpretation shown in QHD phase. Salat helps individual to connect with

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their creator and gives physical, spiritual, and psychological advantages.

Psychologically, salat can shape routines and positive behavior continuity
(psychomotor) which may lead to other positive behavior. Individual will encounter
relieved, serenity, and ease as he/she successfully achieves the highest level of religious
practices. Salat creates muscle and breathing relaxation which are beneficial for one’s
physical and mental states.
Finally, Prophetic Self-Talk (PST) employs dhikr and prayer for him/herself and
others. Dhikr is commonly recited after salat, as stated in Ar-Ra'd [13]: 28. Dhikr helps
individuals to connect with his/her Creator and constantly reminds beneficial in life that
The Almighty offers to him/her. Dhikr that the training employed is dhikr tawba (a
prayer to ask for forgiveness) by reciting a 100-time istighfar (prayer to ask for God’s
mercy), as mentioned in hadith. The clients contemplate on mistakes or sins which have
made them anxious, uneasy, cramped, and distress or despair. Dhikr tawba is a way to
connect with The Almighty by remembering one’s mistakes or sins and committing to
avoid those wrongdoings. These prayers aim to ask The Almighty’s forgiveness and
ease to deal with self-acceptance, deeds and actions in the past, and the process of
forgiving.
In addition to dhikr, PST uses dua (supplication) as a form of humbling oneself
to their Creator and asking for His favors. Dua helps one to give in, to believe in destiny
and its consequences, and to build hope for his/her better future. The elements in dhikr
and dua will erase various mental issues, like, arrogance, over confidence, and envy.
Furthermore, dhikr and dua will encourage optimism for a greater improvement.
Based on the three approaches, a training was designed into five sessions. The
sessions’ materials covered basic concepts of CBT and Islamic attributes in Qur’an and
Hadith. Each session lasted in 120 minutes and there was three-day gap between
meetings. Thus, the training was completed in 15 days. It was concluded with Post-test
2 conducted 14 days after the last session.
The data attained was analyzed with Anova mixed statistical design via SPSS 16.
The design aimed to discover any significant difference occurred in the control and
treatment groups during Pre-test, Post-test 1, and Post-test 2. Anova mixed statistical
design combines two sub-analyses, namely, Within Subject Test and Between Subject
Test (Leech, Barret, & Morgan, 2005). Within Subject Test implies a test to find score
variations in one group, for instance, Pre-test, Post-test 1, and Post-test 2. On the other
hand, Between Subject Test refers to a test to find score variations between subjects or
group, for instance, control group and treatment group.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Result

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As shown in Table 2, the mean in control and treatment groups are varied. Pre-
test score of the treatment group indicates X = 20.13 and SD= 3.11. The control group
has X = 18.73 and SD= 3.240. However, the post-test scores shift in both groups. Post-
test scores show X = 10.27 and SD= 3.011 in the treatment group and X = 14.87 and
SD= 2.47 in the control group. The scores indicate that there is a decline in insomnia
score in both groups.
Table 2. Descriptive Statistics

Group Mean Std. Deviation N
Treatment Group 20,13 3,114 15
Pre-test Control Group 18,73 3,240 15
Total 19,43 3,202 30
Post-test 1 Control Group 14,87 2,475 15
Total 12,57 3,579 30
Post-test 2 Control Group 13,40 3,582 15
Total 10,90 3,881 30
The results of assumption test include results of normality and homogeneity

tests.
Table 3. Tests of Normality
Group Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
*
Treatment group ,126 15 ,200 ,966 15 ,799
Control Group ,185 15 ,175 ,957 15 ,633
The normality test, using Shapiro-Wilk formula, implies that significance score
is p= 0.799 in the treatment group and p=0.633 in the control group. The presented
scores signify that data used in this study are normally distributed.
Table 4. Box's Test of Equality of Covariance Matricesa

Box's M 24,686
F 3,632
df1 6
df2 5680,302

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Sig. ,001
Table 4 reveals that significance score is p=0.001 (p < 0.005) which indicates
that the data is not consistent as score in each group is varied. Inconsistency in
experimental research is acceptable since quasi-experimental research will not end up in
varied scores in between the tested groups.
Table 5. Mauchly's Test of Sphericitya

Within Mauchly's Approx. df Sig. Epsilonb
Subjects W Chi-Square Greenhouse- Huynh- Lower-
Effect Geisser Feldt bound
time ,591 14,212 2 ,001 ,710 ,763 ,500
Table 5 illustrates the result of Anova mixed statistical design. The Mauchly's
Test of Sphericity shows table a significance of 0.001 (p < 0.05). It implies that there is
a significant difference between control and treatment groups.
Based on Tests of Within-Subjects Effects, with significance score between
time and group, the Greenhouse-Geisser significance score is 0.000 (p < 0.05). The
result implies that there is a significant difference between control and treatment groups
in Post-test 1 and Post-test 2. It also explains that there is a significant difference in
insomnia score between treatment group which has received Islamic-CBT training. The
result of multivariate test illustrates that there is an effective contribution of the
treatment in decreasing insomnia. In the treatment group, Islamic-CBT effectively
contributes to 78.8% in decreasing insomnia.
Discussion
This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Islamic-CBT in decreasing
insomnia among college students with dyspepsia gastritis. The results show that
Islamic-CBT is effective in decreasing insomnia among the college students. It
contributes 78.8% in decreasing college students' insomnia.
The results support the study by Nashori, Diana, and Hidayat (2020) which
explains that each intervention using Islamic psychology approach is intended to alter
negative cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions to healthier and better life
principles, based on Islamic perspective. The results also support Abdelati (2016) which
mentions that Islamic-CBT is effective in treating mental and behavioral problems with
spiritual improvement as its fundamental basis. One of the treated problems is insomnia.
The results of this study also support results from other similar studies, in the
field of integrative Islamic psychology approach which combines Islamic religiosity

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approach and conventional psychology approach. Studies by Verasari (2014) and Pujiati
and Febita (2019) illustrate that Spiritual Emotion Freedom Training (SEFT), with a
session specifically implemented prayer (dua), is proven successful in decreasing
insomnia. A study by Purwanto and Hadjam (2006) also suggests that relaxation and
religious approach, especially the implementation of dhikr, is successful in decreasing
insomnia.
In addition, CBT is successfully verified when it is integrated with Islam, in form
of Islamic-CBT. It is a therapeutic approach designed by Olagoke dan Khan (2016)
which focuses on spiritual, mindset, and behavioral improvements. The improvements
are expected to reorganize and reroute an individual’s life. In the long run, patterns
made by the improvements will be able to minimize and solve problems caused by
insomnia.
As the study proves that CBT and religious techniques work effectively in
decreasing insomnia, Yaakob (2013) further proposes on the way Islamic-CBT reduces
negative symptoms in human behavior. Yaakob asserts that cognitive dimension takes a
major role in physical and mental healing processes. The dimension also plays a
significant part in college students’ life, as proposed by Nashori and Wulandari (2017).
It is manifested in academic pressures, for example, daily tasks and final project, and
tends to create stress among the college students. Inability to deal with various
academic tasks and other cognitive assignments leads to individual’s discontentment.
Consequently, it creates poor life projection. The condition triggers negative feelings,
for example, grief, frustration, angst, and stress (Diener, 2000). Aside from cognitive
and affective dimensions, behavioral aspect also causes insomnia. College students who
stay up late for gaming or hanging out, consume coffee excessively, and smoke
cigarette, are prone to worse sleeping disorders. The aforementioned condition, as
explained by Nashori and Wulandari (2017), can generate and even worsen insomnia
that the college students have.
The study has confirmed that Islamic-CBT is effective in decreasing insomnia
among college students with dyspepsia gastritis. People who suffer from dyspepsia
gastritis commonly have psychological disorders which may lead to physical problems
(Mudjaddid, 2006). Cognitive burdens will be examined and maintained through
Quranic Hope Drive (QHD). In this phase, respondents should change their current
mindsets to ones that are adaptive to The Almighty’s commands. QHD helps the
respondents to select incorrect perspective to a proper one; therefore, respondents’
viewpoint to incidents or occurrences which happen to them may be perceived in a
fairer way (Olagoke & Khan, 2016; Olagoke, 2016). Comprehending Qur’an and
Hadith also gives significant influences on individual’s faith, mindset, and attitude
(Sabki, Sa’ari, Muhsin, Kheng, Sulaiman, & Koenig, 2019). This method also allows
respondents to experience cognitive transformation, in which situational changes that
they endeavored happen in The Almighty’s favor (Ar Ra’d [13]: 11), human being has

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been equipped with mental capacity to bear any burden offered to him/her (Al Baqarah
[2]: 286), and there is virtue in each trial (Ash-Sharh [94]: 5-6).
Islamic-CBT aims to manage individual’s emotional state, including one with
dyspepsia, with Prophetic Self-Talk (PST) approach. When individual receives
cognitive improvement concept, he/she needs to stabilize his/her emotional condition by
reciting dhikr tawba (a prayer to ask for forgiveness). This type of dhikr aims to
compensate anger, despair, and arrogance in dealing with trials. It is then followed with
prayer which asks for self-acceptance, as well as begs for strength to others who endure
similar trials. Various studies indicate that dhikr can reduce negative moods, such as,
reducing stress (Anggraieni & Subandi, 2014) and obsessive-compulsive
(Fakhruddiana, 2011), as well as improving positive moods, for example, psychological
well-being (Wulandari & Nashori, 2014), and peacefulness (Kumala, Kusprayogi, &
Nashori, 2017). Studies also confirm that prayers are capable to lessen individual’s
emotional states, for example, psychological distress (Monroe & Jankowski, 2016) and
tension (Chelladurai, Dollahite, & Marks, 2018), as well as refining individual’s
emotional states, e.g., emotional well-being (Afridah, Wahyuningsih, & Nugraha, 2018)
and positive affects (Monroe & Jankowski, 2016).
Additionally, Islamic-CBT intends to reduce insomnia. Good behavior which
maintains healthy lifestyle is beneficial for one’s body and soul altogether. In contrary,
maladaptive behavior, such as, staying up late, confining, and procrastinating, will
heighten mental illnesses that affect one's physical condition. Moreover, Islamic-CBT,
which leads to the formation of good behavior, takes the form of Salat Consistency, not
only in-time prayer, but also mass prayer. This condition shapes positive behavior in the
form of well-maintained worship routines; therefore, it creates contentment and
composure. Commitment to maintain positive routines, like, salat, empirically generates
positive impact to individuals. Salat is a Muslim's routine as it is conducted five times a
day. It involves physical and spiritual activities in which muscles in human's body are
automatically activated without causing muscle cramps; additionally, it induces
contentment (Tab, Atazadegan, & Hosini, 2017). Salat is basically composed of
movements; therefore, it leads to relaxation, builds spiritual calmness, expands physical
balances and coordination, and increases immunity. Consistency in conducting salat
provides cognitive, social, and physical benefits. It advances quality of memories,
individual's focuses (Ghous & Malik, 2016), and boosts achievements (Nazish & Kalra,
2018). Salat builds Muslims' confidence (Tab, Atazadegan, & Hosini, 2017) improves
social interactions (Hasanuddin, 2013), and increases time management (Amelia, Arif,
& Hidayat, 2019). Consistent physical activities, like performing salat, as concluded by
Nazish and Kalra (2018), can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, neurological
conditions, mosculetal conditions, systemic diseases, and depression. An empirical
study by Doufesh, Ibrahim, and Safari (2016) and Doufesh, Ibrahim, Ismail, and
Ahmad. (2016) confirms that during prayer, parasympathetic activity increases and

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sympathetic activity decreases. It indicates that regular practice of prayers can help
increasing relaxation, minimizing anxiety, and reducing cardiovascular diseases.
CONCLUSION
This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Islamic-CBT in decreasing
insomnia among college students with dyspepsia gastritis. The results of the study
indicate that Islamic-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Islamic-CBT) is effective in
decreasing insomnia among college students as 78.8%. Islamic-CBT is a part of Islamic
psychology approach which aims to improve positive cognitive, affective, and
behavioral dimensions and, at the same time, it tries to decrease the negative dimensions
in human beings. Islamic-CBT employs healthy life principles based on Islamic
perspectives. In this study, Islamic psychology approach has proven successful in
decreasing the symptoms of insomnia.
The study on using is quite a new approach and proved to be effective.
However, it is still genera. It needs to be inovat
In the future, researchers would like to submit suggestions to further research on
the implementation of Islamic-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Islamic-Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy is an effective new approach but it is still too general. It is
necessary to make innovative treatments based on Islamic-Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy that are specifically related to sleep problems. This innovation is called the
Islamic-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia. This new treatment should be
conceptualized, tested, and only after its validity and reliability are fulfilled, it is tested
in the laboratory or in people's lives.
Acknowledgment
1. Thanks for Directorate of Research and Community Service, Universitas Islam
Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
2. Thanks for Rector Universitas Islam Indonesia (Prof. Fathul Wahid) and Rector
Universitas Islam Riau (Prof. Syafrinaldi). This research is output Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) between those university, No. 2029/Rek/01/KUI/VIII/2019 dan
No. 3091/A/UIR/5-2019, on 12th August 2019.
3. Thanks for Rahma Rusydina, research assistant in this research.
Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding
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Talent Development & Excellence

Decreasing Insomnia among College Students with Dyspepsia

1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Socio-Cultural Sciences, Universitas Islam

*Corresponding author: fuadnashori@uii.ac.id

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Additionally, Gryglewska (2010) indicates that sleeping disorder causes decreasing

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Table 1. Research design

Group Pre-test Treatment Post-test 1 Post-test 2

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their creator and gives physical, spiritual, and psychological advantages.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

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Table 2. Descriptive Statistics

The results of assumption test include results of normality and homogeneity

Table 4. Box's Test of Equality of Covariance Matricesa

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Table 5. Mauchly's Test of Sphericitya

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Data Availability Statement

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ISSN 1869-0459 (print)/ISSN 1869-2885 (online)

ISSN 1869-0459 (print)/ISSN 1869-2885 (online)

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