7

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Language of Sets
Week 1
Learning Code- M7NS- Ia-1
 Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1 – Language of Sets
First Edition 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
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Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e. songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Maynardo E. Alvarez
Editors: Melody P. Rosales
Ma. Theresa G. Mallari
Maita G. Camilon
Reviewers/Validators: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math
Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George B. Borromeo, PSDS
Illustrator: Maynardo E. Alvarez
Layout Artist: Maynardo E. Alvarez
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Regional ADM Coordinator
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Aida H. Rondilla, Chief-CID
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Division ADM Coordinator

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 7
Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Language of Sets
Week 1
Learning Code- M7NS- Ia-1

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 GRADE 7
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics

MODULE
1
Language of Sets

In your previous years, you were taught some concepts about sets . In this module, you will
learn more about sets, their properties and operations. This module will make you appreciate
more how to represent sets and perform operations on them. .

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

PPREPREVIER!
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
The learners will be able to:
1. illustrate well -defined sets, subsets, cardinality of sets, null sets, universal sets,
union and intersection of sets. (M7NS-Ia-1)
•

WHAT I KNOW
PPREPREVIER
Let’s see how much knowledge about the lesson you already have. Answer or solve all items
below:
1 Which of the following is not well defined?
A. Great artist in the Philippines C . Days of a week
B. List of the 10 students in your section D. Even numbers greater than 10
2. Which of the following is an example of an empty set.
A. The set of odd numbers that are prime numbers.
B. The set of natural numbers less than 1.
C. The set of even numbers divisible by 3.
D. The set of vowels in the word “ ABILITY”.
3. Which symbols completes the statement correctly? { 𝑎 } ______ { 𝑎, b, c }
A. ∈ B. ∩ C. ∅ D. ⊂
4. Describe set D in words: D = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }
A. Set of odd numbers less than 9. C. Set of odd numbers from 1 to 9.
B. Set of prime numbers less than 11. D. Set of whole numbers less than 10.
5. Consider set A = { x / x is a consonant in the word “ EXCELLENCE” } .Find n( A).
A. n(A) = 5 B. n(A)= 6 C. n(A)= 4 D. n(A)= 7
6. Write the set of prime number less than or equal to 23 using roster method.
A. { 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 } C. { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 }
B. { 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 } D. { 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 }

7. Consider U = { b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i } , A = { c, e, g, h } . Find A’
A. A’ = { b, d, f, h } C. A’ = { j, k, l,.. x,y,z }
B. A’ = { b , d, ,f, i } D. A’ = { }
8. Which of the following is true ?
A. 3 ∈ { 2, 4, 6, 8 } C. {𝑎} ∈ {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 }
B. 1 ∈ {x/ x is a prime number} D. { 0 } ∈ { x / x is a whole number }
For items 9 – 15
Let U = { 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13} ,
A = { 4, 6, 8, 10 } , B = { 5, 8, 9, 10} , C = { 5, 6, 8, 9,11,12}
Find:
9. C’
A. C’ = { 7, 10} C. C’ = { 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13 }
B. C’ { 4, 7, 10, 13 } D. C’ = { }

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Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
10. A ∩ C
A. { 6, 8, 9, 11} C. { 6, 8 }
B. { 4, 6, 8, 10 } D. { 5, 8, 9 }
11. A − C
A. { 4, 6, 8, 10} C. ∅
B. { 5, 9, 11, 12} D. { 10 }
12. B ∪ C’
A. { 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13} C. { 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10,13 }
B. { 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 } D. { 4, 7, 9, 11, 13 }
13. ( A ∩ B ) ‘
A. { 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13 } C. { 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}
B. { 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13} D. { 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}
14. C − B
A. { 5, 8, 9 } C. { 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
B. { 6 , 11, 12 } D. { 5, ,9, 11, 12 }
15. ( B ∪ C ) ’
A. { 4, 7, 13 } C. { 4, 7, 11, 13}
B. { 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12} D. {5, 7, 11, 13 }

*** If you got an honest 10 points (perfect score), you may skip this module.

WHAT’S IN
PPREPREV
𝑭𝑹𝑶𝑵𝑻𝑳𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑹
The COVID-19 pandemic has been the worst health crisis of our generation as we
welcome a new decade into our lives. In line with this, we are strictly under the supervision
of Enhanced Community Quarantine. This pandemic does not fail to alarm or scare netizens
with its gradually increasing total number of cases infected by the virus; meanwhile, health
institutions and the government are currently operating on maximum capacity in these hard
times and people must comply their given rules: physical distancing and staying at home
when it is unnecessary to go out.

There is a glimpse of hope coming from, the front liners, groups of people behind the
working success of ending this nightmare. These hardworking people have been showing
their passion, dedication and sacrifices in the battle against this pandemic since day one –
they are the medical team, policemen, admin officers, bank employees, delivery men,
employees in the food industry and the like. They are our heroes who have gone beyond
their call of duty

Activity 1: PRIME OR NOT

Below are natural numbers from 1 to 50. Encircle all the prime numbers and
cross out all the composite numbers.
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40 41 42
43 44 45 46 47 48
49 50

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Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics

WHAT’S NEW

Look at the objects below

How can you group the objects ? Name each group.

How many groups can you form? Is there an object that belongs to more than
one group?

WHAT IS IT
Set Is a collection of well defined object.
• Sets are named by any capital letter.
• Each object in a set is called element of the set and is denoted
by the symbol ( ∈).
The stament blue is an element of A can also be written as “
blue ∈ A “.
• Elements can only be written once and are enclosed by braces
and are separated by commas.
1.1 WELL DEFINED AND NOT WELL DEFINED.
Group of object are said to be well defined if anyone agrees that an object
belongs to a group otherwise it is not well defined.
Examples of well defined sets.
1. The vowels in the english alphabet
2. The months of a year
3. Even numbers from 0 to 10.
Examples of not well defined
1. Group of intellegent students.
2. List of beautiful students in your school.
3. A basket of different delicious fruits.

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Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
1.2 FINITE SET, INFINITE SET AND NULL SET
A set is a finite set if all of its elements of the set can be listed down.
Examples of finite sets.
1. Set A is the set of days in a week.
A = { monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday,
sunday }
2. Set B is the set of natural numbers between 5 and 12.
B = { 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 }

A set is an infinite set if not all the elements can be listed down.

Examples of infinite sets

1. Set C is the set of natural numbers.
C = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . . }
2. Set D is the set of prime numbers.
D = { 2, 3, 5, 7, . . . }
Note : An ellipsis (…) is the three dots which indicates that the
series of elements are continous.

Null set or Empty set is a set containing no elements and is denoted by

the symbols { } or ∅ .
Examples of empty set.
1. Set E is the set whole number less than zero.
E = { } or E = ∅
2. Set F is the set of cars with two wheels.
F={}

Cardinality of set A denoted by n(A) refers to the number of elements in

a given set.
Examples:
1. A = { d, e, f, g, h ]
n(A)= 5
2. Set M is the set of the months in a year.
n( M) = 12

1.3 WAYS OF DESCRIBING A SET

1. Verbal description method
It is a method of describing sets in form of a sentence.
Examples:
Set A is the set of natural numbers less than 6.
Set B is the set of distinct letters in the word “ kindness”
Set C is the odd numbers from 3 to 15.

2. Roster / Listing method

This method of describing set is done by listing each elements inside
the braces and each element are separated by commas.
Examples:
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }
B = { k, i, n, d, e, s }
C = { 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 }

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Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics

3. Set builder or Rule method

It is a method that list the rules that determines whether n object is an
element of the set rather than the actual elements.
Examples:
A = { x/ x is a natural number less than 6 }
B = { x/ x is distinct letter in the word “kindness”}
C = { x / x is an odd number from 3 to 5}

Note: The notation x/x is read as “ the set of all x such that x”

1.4 UNIVERSAL SET AND SUBSETS

Universal set denoted by U, contains all the elements being considered in a
given situation
Consider this example
U= { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 }
A = { 2, 4} , B = { 4, 6, 8 } , C = ( 2, 8, 10}
Notice that all the element in the Set A, B and C are in the universal set U.

Set A is a subset of set B if all the elements in A are also elements of B. The
statement A is a subset of B can also be written as A ⊆ B.
Also, If Set A is a proper subset of B, then at least one element in B not in A.
The statement A is a proper subset of B can also be written as A ⊂ B.

Note: An empty set is a subset of every set and every set is a subset of itself.
To determine the number of subsets in a set use 2𝑛 where n is the
cardinality.

Examples: Consider G = { 0, 1, 2}. List all possible subsets

Solution: n = 3, 23 = 8
{ } , { 0} , { 1} , { 2 } , { 0, 1} , { 0, 2} , { 1, 2} , { 0, 1, 2 }

1.5 OPERATION ON SETS

The intersection of set A and B , written as A ∩ 𝐵 , is the set containing the
elements that are common to both A and B.
Example:
Consider set A and B: A ={ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } , B = { 2, 4, 6, 8 }
Find 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
Solution:
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = { 2, 4 }

The union of set A and B written as 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵, is the set elements that in A, or in

B, or both A and B.
Example: Let 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 } and 𝐵 = {𝑏, 𝑑, 𝑓, 𝑔}
Find 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
Solution:
𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = { 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑓, 𝑔}
The difference of set B from set A, denoted by 𝐴 − 𝐵, is the set of elements in
A but not in B.

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Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
Example:
Let A = { 1,3,5,7,9,11} and B = { 3,4,7,8}
Find a) 𝐴 − 𝐵 b) 𝐵 − 𝐴
Solution:
a) 𝐴 − 𝐵 = { 1, 5, 9, 11 } b) 𝐵 − 𝐴 = { 4, 8 }

The Complement of set A, denoted by 𝐴′, is the set of elements that are in
the universal set but not in set A.
Example: Let 𝑈 = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
𝐴 = {0, 4, 8} , 𝐵 = {1, 3, 5, 7}
Find: a) 𝐴′ 𝑏) 𝐵′ 𝑐) 𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵
Solution:
a) 𝐴′ = { 1,2 ,3, 5, 6, 7 }
b) 𝐵′ = { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 }
c) 𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 = { 1, 3, 5, 7 }
WHAT’S MORE
Activity 2: Describe Me

Determine if the given group of objects is a well defined or not well defined.
1. All the Cities in Philippines.
2. Group of rich people in Metro Manila.
3. Distinct letters in the word “ generous”
4. List of great NBA basketball players.
5. Odd numbers from 1 to 15.
Very Good! Now let’s see if you can give the cardinality of a set. Begin!
Activity 3: Count Me In

Decide whether the set is finite set, infinite set or an empty set. If it is finite give
its cardinality.
! 1. The set of counting numbers greater than 8.
2. The set of whole numbers less than 5.
3. The set of months in a year.
4. The set of prime numbers from 1 to 30.
5. The set of polygons with no sides.
You are doing great! Now you are ready for this next activity.

Activity 4: Notation

Write each of the following using roster method and set builder notation.

! 1. Set M is the set of months having 31 days.

2. Set D is the set of days of the week beginning with the letter T.
3. Set W is the set of whole numbers between 11 to 20.
4. Set P is the set of prime numbers less than 20
5. Set E is the set of the last ten letters of the alphabet.

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 GRADE 7
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
Activity 5: Subsets
Consider set D = { a, b, c, d}
1. How may number of subsets in set D.
! 2. List all the subsets
3. 𝐵′ 𝑈 𝐶 ′

Activity 6: Give Me, Give Me

Let 𝑈 = { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}

𝐴 = { 2, 6} 𝐵 = { 0, 6, 12] 𝐶 = { 4, 8, 12}
!Find:
4. 𝐴′
5. 𝐵′
6. 𝐶 ′
7. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 ′
8. 𝐵′ 𝑈 𝐶 ′
Did you find the activities easy? Well, that means you understood the lesson
well. Good job!

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

➢ Set Is a collection of well defined object.
• Sets are named by any capital letter.
• Each object in a set is called element of the set and is denoted
by the symbol ( ∈).
The stament blue is an element of A can also be written as “
blue ∈ A “.
• Elements can only be written once and are enclosed by braces
and are separated by commas.
➢ A set is a finite set if all of its elements of the set can be listed down,
otherwise it is an infinite set.
➢ Ways of deescribing sets
• Verbal description method
It is a method of describing sets in form of a sentence.
• Roster / Listing method
This method of describing set is done by listing each elements inside
the braces and each element are separated by commas.
• Set builder or Rule method
It is a method that list the rules that determines whether n object is an
element of the set rather than the actual elements.
➢ Universal set denoted by U, contains all the elements being considered in a
given situation
➢ Set A is a subset of set B if all the elements in A are also elements of B. The
statement A is a subset of B can also be written as A ⊆ B.
➢ If Set A is a proper subset of B, then at least one element in B not in A. The
statement A is a proper subset of B can also be written as A ⊂ B.

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 GRADE 7
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
➢ Operations on sets
• The intersection of set A and B , written as A ∩ 𝐵 , is the set
containing the elements that are common to both A and B.
• The union of set A and B written as 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵, is the set elements
that in A, or in B, or both A and B.
• The difference of set B from set A, denoted by 𝐴 − 𝐵, is the set
of elements in A but not in B.
• that are in the universal set but not in set A.

WHAT I NEED TO REFLECT

Every set of things should be given a value, like valuing friendship. The value of
friendship is something that people take time to really appreciate. Different groups of people
have different ways of giving value of friendship. Your friends have something in common
and also something unique in them, so respect them as they are your friends.

WHAT I CAN DO

𝑈 is the set of months in a year. A is the set of months having 30 days , B is

the set of months beginning with M, and C is the set of months after July. Find

a. A’ d. 𝐴 − 𝐶
b. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 e. 𝐶 ′ ∪ 𝐴
c. 𝐵′ f. 𝐵′ ∩ 𝐶

ASSESSMENT

Read each statement carefully then circle the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1 Which of the following is a well defined set ?

A. Odd numbers divisible by 5 C. all time favorite novel
B. List of beautiful faces in your school D. list of fast cars in the world
2. Which of the following is an example of an empty set.
A. The set of even numbers divisible by 4.
B. The set of odd numbers divisible by 2
C. The set of prime number greater than 11
D. The set of letters in the word “ MISSISSIPPI”.
3. Consider D = { 1, 2, 3, 4} Which symbols completes the statement correctly? 2 _____ D
A. ∈ B. ∩ C. ∅ D. ⊂
4. Describe the set in words: { 0, 1 ,2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
A. Set of odd numbers less than 6. C. Set of whole numbers less than 7
B. Set of natural numbers less than 7 D. Set of positive numbers less than 7.
5. Consider set B = { x / x is a vowel in the word “GENEROSITY” } .Find n( B).
A. n(B) = 5 B. n(B)= 2 C. n(B)= 4 D. n(B)= 3
6. Write the set of prime numbers from 3 to 23 using roster method.
A. { 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 23 } C. { 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 }
B. { 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 21, 23 } D. { 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 }

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 GRADE 7
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
7. Consider U = { 5,10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40} , A = { 20, 30, 40 } . Find A’
A. A’ = { 10, 15, 25, 35 } C. A’ = { 5, 15, 25, 35}
B. A’ = { 5, 10, 15, 25, 35} D. A’ = { 10, 20, 30, 40 }
8. Which of the following is true ?
A. 10 ∈ { 2, 4, 6, 8 } C. {𝑑} ∈ { 𝑑, 𝑒, 𝑓 }
B. 0 ∈ {x/ x is a prime number} D. { 0} ∈ { x / x is an integer }
For items 9 – 15
Let U = { 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 }
A = { 3, 7, 9, 11, 13 } , B = { 5, 9, 11, 15} , C = { 3, 9, 11, 13 }
Find:
9. B’
A. B’ = { 15 } C. B’ = { 5, 7, 15 }
B. B’= { 3, 7, 13, 15} D. B’ = { }
10. B ∩ C
A. { 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15} C. { 9, 11 }
B. { 7, 11 } D. { 11, 13, 15 }
11. A − B
A. { 3, 7, 13 } C. { 3 }
B. { 5, 9, 11,} D. { 3, 7, 13, 15 }
12. A ∪ B ‘
A. { 3, 5, 7, 9, 11} C. { 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 }
B. { 11, 13, 15} D. { 7, 9, 11, 13 }
13. ( A ∩ B ) ‘
A. { 3, 5, 7, 11 } C. { 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15}
B. { 9, 11} D. { 3, 5, 7, 13, 15 }
14. B − C
A. { 5, 7, 9 } C. { 11, 13}
B. { 7 } D. { 15 }
15. B ∪ C
A. { 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15 } C. { 5 7, 11, 13}
B. { 7 } D. { 7, 11, 13 }

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
Complete the table by determining whether the given set is well-defined, not well-
defined or null set. If well-defined, give the elements, three subsets and it’s cardinality

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Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics

E-Search
You may want to visit the following websites for more activities.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3-A0O42Lyo
(Don’t memorize)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nI7h8_7Cj_E
(Ibowen 11235)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNUW5kBMLUQ
(The infinite Looper)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJheQ_sZhMU
(HCC Mathhelp)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJduHa16Y70
(Math and Stats help)

REFERENCE
GLADYS C. NIVERA , 2014. Grade 7 Mathematics 2nd edition. Salesiana Books,
Makati City

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Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics

PISA – based Worksheet

Hallyu: The Tidal Wave

Hallyu, or Korean Wave, refers to the inceaase in global prominence

of Korean culture. This wave first swept in the Philippines back in 2003,
when Korean dramas started airing in the country with the show entitled
“Bright Girl”. Since then, Filipinos developed a great liking of watching
Korean dramas that even their lifestyle is influenced by Korean culture –
from food, clothes and language to every other aspect one could ever think
of.
A, B and C are sets of Korean dramas watched by Dianne, Joy and
Ian respectively.
A = {Descendants of the Sun, Hotel del Luna, My Love from the
Stars, Boys over Flowers, Crash Landing on You}
B = {Legend of the Blue Sea, Crash Landing on You, Secretary Kim,
Boys over Flowers, Goblin, Love Alarm}
C = { Secretary Kim, My Love from the Stars, Goblin, Crash Landing
on You, My Girlfriend is a Gumiho, Love Alarm}

LET’S ANALYZE

1. Find the union of A and B.

_________________________________________

2. Find the union of B and C.

_________________________________________

3. Find the intersection of A and B.

_________________________________________

4. Find the intersection of A, B and C.

_________________________________________

5. Find the difference between A and C.

_________________________________________

6. Find the difference between B and C.

_________________________________________

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