I.

THE NATURE OF MATHEMATICS

MATHEMATICS IN OUR WORLD
Learning Outcomes:
1. Identify patterns in nature and explain what it is, how it is expressed,
represented, and used.
2. Perform mathematical operations on patterns and some regularities
found in nature and the world.
3. Create own unique mathematical designs about real-life structures,
events, or phenomena based on the concept of transformations.
4. Express appreciation to the relevance and use of mathematics as an
aide in making sense of these patterns, designs, and occurrences
helping us quantify, organize, and predict phenomena found in nature.
 Learning Outcomes:
5. Contribute to the enrichment of the Filipino culture and arts using
concepts in geometry.
6. Manifest honesty, hard work, humility, and patience in dealing with
various mathematical challenges as evident in nature and in the world.
1. Predict the pattern that comes next from the given set of
figures below.
2. What comes next?
3. In the sequence
2, 5, 8, 11, 14
What number comes next?

4. What number comes next in

1, 3, 5, 7, 9?
Mathematics is the science of patterns!
EXPLORE: Patterns and regularities in Nature and
the World
Decoding the secret patterns of Nature- Fibonacci Ratio and
Pi - Full Documentary (Cut)
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXyCRP871VI
 The Fibonacci Sequence
 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233,377,610,987,1597,2584,4181 …

https://johnsonsfarmproduce.com/wp-
content/uploads/2019/02/4-4.jpg
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/02/53/86/02538662bfa34d49989b54ce0ffa33f4
.jpg
The Fibonacci Sequence
 The sequence was first created by
mathematicians in India.
 First introduced to the west by
Leonardo of Pisa (a.k.a Fibonacci) in his https://www.thefamouspeople.com
/profiles/images/og-leonardo-
book Liber Abaci involving the growth fibonacci-3791.jpg
of a population of rabbits
Fibonacci’s Rabbit problem
At the beginning of a month, you are given a pair of
newborn rabbits. After a month the rabbits have produced
no offspring; however, every month thereafter, the pair of
rabbits produces another pair of rabbits. The offspring
reproduce in exactly the same manner. If none of the
rabbits dies, how many pairs of rabbits will there be at the
start of each succeeding month?
The Rabbit Problem

https://learnodo-newtonic.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Fibonacci-Sequence-in-the-Rabbit-
Problem.jpg
Recursive Formula for the Fibonacci
Numbers
The nth term of the Fibonacci sequence is given by:

𝐹𝑛 = 𝐹𝑛−1 + 𝐹𝑛−2

for 𝑛 ≥ 3 and 𝐹1 = 1 and 𝐹2 = 1.

Exercise:
Let 𝐹𝑛 be the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence.
1. Find 𝐹8 .
2. Find 𝐹19 .
3. If 𝐹22 = 17,711 and 𝐹24 = 46,368, what is 𝐹23 ?
Explicit Formula for the Fibonacci
Numbers
The Binet’s Formula:

The nth term of the Fibonacci sequence is given by:

𝑛 𝑛
1 1+ 5 1− 5
𝐹𝑛 = −
5 2 2
 Guide Questions:

1. What is Mathematics?
2. Where is Mathematics?
3. What role does Mathematics play in your world?
Explore: Patterns in Nature

14 Most Beautiful Patterns In Nature

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XNwiuHSghg0
 Consider the following pictures:

https://dingo.care2.com/pictures/c2c/share/36/363/382/3 https://plus.maths.org/issue30/features/dart
638219_370.jpg nell/istock_reticulated.jpg

https://thatsmaths.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/leopard- https://www.wowamazing.com/wp-
mid-res.jpg content/uploads/2015/06/dalmatian-03.jpg
Spots and stripes
The tiger Spots and stripes in animals are
believed to be governed by
mathematical equations.
According to a theory by Alan
Turing, chemical reactions and
diffusion processes in cells
determine these growth
patterns.

Recommended video to watch:

https://www.factzoo.com/sites/all/img/mammals/f https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alH3yc6tX
elidae/panthera-tigris-eyes.jpg 98
Consider the following pictures:

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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commo 092d2b1565607e5bcb26c8da7e92b0a8
ns/9/99/Starfish_02_%28paulshaffner%29_crop
ped.jpg

https://www.abc.net.au/science/photos/mathsinnature/i
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- mg/1.jpg
I7qNN7dmivk/UwmjjRQDXqI/AAAAAAAABfE/mVrctMb7
9K8/s1600/Butterfly+with+line+of+symmetry.jpg
Symmetry
Symmetry indicates that you can draw an imaginary line
across an object and the resulting parts are mirror images of
each other.
Bilateral symmetry 5-fold symmetry 3-fold symmetry

Butterfly Starfish

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https://quatr.us/wp- n-qimg- mages/symm3linesfl.jpg
content/uploads/2017/07/ d6d70006fd8c11bee38db95f0b4
butterfly.jpg 42154
Common Types of Patterns
 Spots and Stripes
 Symmetry
 Fractals
 Tessellations
Explore: Fractals
Is God A Mathematician_ - Fractal Geometry of Nature

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7ijcTJhrC0
Fractal Geometry
A fractal is a never-ending pattern.
Fractals are infinitely complex patterns that are self-similar
across different scales.
They are created by repeating a simple process over and
over in an ongoing feedback loop.
Famous fractals

Sierpiński triangle Mandelbrot Set

https://media0.giphy.com/media/130tB0Wj https://thumbs.gfycat.com/MeanBlueAnemonecrab-
1FK50I/giphy.gif size_restricted.gif
Fractals in Nature
Fern The Romanesco broccoli

https://cdn3.volusion.com/kceqm.mleru/v/vs
pfiles/photos/1504-2.jpg?1521734349
http://fractalfoundation.
org/OFC/fernborg.jpg
 River Deltas
Lightning

https://akm-img-a-
in.tosshub.com/indiatoday/images/story/201805/GettyImages-
819817820_2_0.jpeg?QbtjRXVa0szZVAlGNqOKUcfZgj3g7.AH
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co
mmons/f/fb/Lena_River_Delta_-
_Landsat_2000.jpg
Koch Snowflake Spider web

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikip https://daily.jstor.org/wp-
edia/commons/f/f0/Flocke.PNG content/uploads/2017/08/spiderweb_1050x700.jpg
Explore!
Think of other patterns and regularities in nature and in the
world. Try to explore your observations.