Mathematics in our

world

PREPARED BY :
Instr. Z Gregorio

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 1

 Exercise 1. Identify the next number or figure

1) -2 -8 -14 -20 _____

2) I V X L _____
3) 24 21 18 15 _____
4) TCD, UEF, VGH, ____, XKL
5) Which figure completes the sequence?

(https://www.wikijob.co.uk/content/aptitude-tests/test-types/abstract-
reasoning)

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 2

 PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND
THE WORLD

Patterns are regular and

repeated form or design.
They also indicate sense
of structure and
organization found in https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/b/beautiful-wooing-
peacock-close-up-fantastic-colors-patterns-
https://www.yahootours.in/upload/files/Ka
shimir%20paradise%20on%20earth/day%

human beings and nature

139152347.jpg 205%20pic%201.jpg

itself. One most significant

in a pattern is the
presence of symmetry.

https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-
a3bc70d07b5399f67c528ac3d9e92c21.webp

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 3

SYMMETRY
• Symmetry occurs when you draw an
imaginary line across an object and
resulting parts are mirror images of
each other. This type of symmetry
is known as line or bilateral symmetry,
is evident in most animals, including
humans. https://cf.ydcdn.net/latest/images/main/A5 https://biologydictionary.net/wp-
content/uploads/2017/02/Sagittal.jpg

•
bilateralsym.jpg
Other types of symmetry depend on
the number of sides or faces that are
symmetrical. Three-fold symmetry
occurs when there are three petals
that look alike. There is five-fold
symmetry found in starfish. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/b2/2b/ef/b22bef92b2942ae6df2285b9
b00a36a6.jpg

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 4

 Rotational Symmetry
• A figure has a rotational
symmetry of order n (n-
fold rotational symmetry)
if 1/n of a complete turn https://mathstat.slu.edu/escher/images/thu
mb/5/5b/Spiderwort-Blue-Flower.jpg/250px-
https://d1whtlypfis84e.cloudfront.net/guides/wp-

leaves the figure Spiderwort-Blue-Flower.jpg

content/uploads/2018/03/29121613/images-
32.jpg

unchanged.
• The angle of rotation is
determined by the formula:
360°
Angle of rotation = 𝑛

https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/images/ https://img.favpng.com/9/12/10/rotational-
dart-board.jpg symmetry-sea-starfish-stock-photography.jpg

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 5

Note that, the act of taking an object and moving it from some starting position
to some ending position without altering its shape or size is called a rigid
motion or also known as isometry.

https://uploads.toptal.io/blog/image/764/toptal-blog-image-
https://d20khd7ddkh5ls.cloudfront.net/rotation.png 1421916899496.jpg

https://cdnb.artstation.com/p/assets/images/images/018/892/47
1/large/ackygama-loc-nguyen-map.jpg?1561127170 https://media.indiedb.com/images/members/3/284
8/2847518/profile/isometric_rotation.1.gif

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 6

 Four Basic Rigid Motions

1. Reflection
It is a rigid motion that moves an
object into a new position that is a
mirror image of the starting
position. https://dwblog.melissaanddoug.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/whydobabieslove.jpg

2. Rotation
It is a rigid motion that pivots or
swings an object around a fixed
point O.
https://www.pas.rochester.edu/~blackman/ast104/planet_orbits-inner-sideview.gif

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 7

3. Translation
This consists of essentially
dragging an object in a specified
direction and by a specified amount
(the length of translation. https://www.mathwarehouse.com/transformations/images/isometries/r
ight-triangle-over-y-axis-as-isometry-animation-322x222.gif

4. Glide Reflection
It is a rigid motion obtained by
combining a translation (the glide)
with a reflection.

https://o.quizlet.com/RFF03HHlMb7xSZEPcIC1bg.png

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 8

FRACTALS
• A curve or geometric figure, each part of
which has the same statistical character as
the whole. A fractal is a never-ending
pattern found in nature. The exact same
shape is replicated in a process called “self https://thefractalforge.com//jpg https://live.staticflickr.com.jpg

similarity”. This pattern repeats itself over

and over again at different scales.
• For example, a tree grows by repetitive
branching. This same kind of branching
can be seen in lighting bolts and the veins
in your body. Examine a single fern or an
aerial view of an entire river system and
you’ll see fractal patterns.
https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/3.jpg https://1.bp.blogspot.comby/fern.png

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 9

SPIRALS
• A logarithmic spiral or growth spiral
is a self-similar spiral curve which
often appears in nature. It was first
describe by Rene Descartes and was
later investigated by Jacob Bernoulli.
• https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ce/60/.jpg https://i.pinimg.com/originals/fe/56/be/.jpg
A spiral is a curved pattern that
focuses on a center point and a series
of circular shapes that revolve around
it. Examples of spirals are pine cones,
pineapples, hurricanes. The reason for
why plants use a spiral form is because
they are constantly trying to grow but
stay secure.

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_FASr4MAq00/maxresdefault.jpg

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 10

 Exercise 2: What Comes Next?

1) 6 12 18 24 _____
2) A C E G _____
3) 67 61 56 50 _____
4) QCF, REH, SGJ, ____, UKN
5) 1, 4, 9, 16, ______
6) Choose the one odd one out.

https://www.datocms-assets.com/7756/1580913282-fig3.jpg

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 ACTIVITY 2

1. Students walk around your room, visit a garden or take a tour

inside your home, sketch an object that exhibits (symmetry,
fractals and spirals). Write down your findings and observations.
2. Give 5 daily situations in your life or happenings in nature that
are govern by patterns.

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