History of Art

Art history is the study of objects of art considered within their time period. Art historians
analyze visual arts’ meaning (painting, sculpture, architecture) at the time they were created.Art
history doesn’t consist in simply listing all the art movements and placing them on a timeline. It is
the study of objects of art considered within their time period. Art historians analyze visual arts’
meaning (painting, sculpture, architecture) at the time they were created. Also, another of art
history’s mission is to establishes authorial origins of artworks, i.e. discovering who created a
particular artwork, when, when and for what reason.
Iconography is a major part of art history. It consists in analyzing the symbolism of works of arts.
For instance, art historians identify the visual elements of a painting and interpret its meaning.
Art historians are interested in what the works of art represented at the time they were created.
It is a way to learn about the civilizations of the past.

Types of Visual Arts

-painting -conceptual art
-sculpture -installation art
-photography -collage
-printmaking -calligraphy
-drawing -video art
-ceramics -illustration

Well known Visual Artist

1.Michelangelo (1475-1564)
2.Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669)
3.Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
4. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
5. Claude Monet (1840-1926)
6. Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
7. Auguste Rodin (1840-1917)
8. Jan van Eyck (1390-1441)
9. Donatello (1386-1466)
10. Peter Paul Rubens (1571-1640)
11. Élisabeth Louise Vigée-Le Brun (1755-1842)
12. Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986)

Conceptual Art
Conceptual art is art for which the idea (or concept) behind the work is more important than
the finished art object. It emerged as an art movement in the 1960s and the term usually
refers to art made from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s.Conceptual art can be and can look
like almost anything. This is because, unlike a painter or sculptor who will think about how
best they can express their idea using paint or sculptural materials and techniques, a
conceptual artist uses whatever materials and whatever form is most appropriate to putting
their idea across – this could be anything from a performance to a written description.
Cultural Artifact
A cultural artifact, or cultural artefact (see American and British English spelling differences),
is a term used in the social sciences, particularly anthropology,[1] ethnology[2] and
sociology[citation needed] for anything created by humans which gives information about
the culture of its creator and users. Artifact is the spelling in North American English; artefact
is usually preferred elsewhere.Cultural artifact is a more generic term and should be
considered with two words of similar, but narrower, nuance: it can include objects recovered
from archaeological sites, i.e. archaeological artifacts, but can also include objects of modern
or early-modern society, or social artifacts. For example, in an anthropological context: a
17th-century lathe, a piece of faience, or a television each provides a wealth of information
about the time in which they were manufactured and used.

Drawing
Drawing, the art or technique of producing images on a surface, usually paper, by means of
marks, usually of ink, graphite, chalk, charcoal, or crayon.Drawing as formal artistic creation
might be defined as the primarily linear rendition of objects in the visible world, as well as of
concepts, thoughts, attitudes, emotions, and fantasies given visual form, of symbols and
even of abstract forms. This definition, however, applies to all graphic arts and techniques
that are characterized by an emphasis on form or shape rather than mass and colour, as in
painting. Drawing as such differs from graphic printing processes in that a direct relationship
exists between production and result.

Fine Art
The term "fine art" refers to an art form practised mainly for its aesthetic value and its
beauty ("art for art's sake") rather than its functional value. Fine art is rooted in drawing and
design-based works such as painting, printmaking, and sculpture. It is often contrasted with
"applied art" and "crafts" which are both traditionally seen as utilitarian activities. Other
non-design-based activities regarded as fine arts, include photography and architecture,
although the latter is best understood as an applied art.

Installation Art
Installation art is an artistic genre of three-dimensional works that are often site-specific and
designed to transform the perception of a space. Generally, the term is applied to interior
spaces, whereas exterior interventions are often called public art, land art or art
intervention; however, the boundaries between these terms overlap.

Mural
A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other
permanent surfaces. A distinguishing characteristic of mural painting is that the architectural
elements of the given space are harmoniously incorporated into the picture.
Example:ceiling painting

New Media Art

New media art includes artworks designed and produced by means of new media
technologies, comprising virtual art, computer graphics, computer animation, digital art,
interactive art, sound art, Internet art, video games, robotics, 3D printing, and cyborg art.
The term defines itself by the thereby created artwork, which differentiates itself from that
deriving from conventional visual arts (i.e. architecture, painting, sculpture, etc.). This
emphasis on medium is a defining feature of much contemporary art and many art schools
and major universities now offer majors in "New Genres" or "New Media"[1] and a growing
number of graduate programs have emerged internationally.

Digital Art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as part of the creative or
presentation process. Since the 1960s, various names have been used to describe the
process, including computer art and multimedia art.Digital art is itself placed under the
larger umbrella term new media art.
Example: Irrational geometrics

Virtual Art is a term for the virtualization of art, made with the technical media developed at
the end of the 1980s (or a bit before, in some cases).[2] These include human-machine
interfaces such as visualization casks, stereoscopic spectacles and screens, digital painting
and sculpture, generators of three-dimensional sound, data gloves, data clothes, position
sensors, tactile and power feed-back systems, etc.[3] As virtual art covers such a wide array
of mediums it is a catch-all term for specific focuses within it. Much contemporary art has
become, in Frank Popper's terms, virtualized.

Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface
(called the "matrix" or "support").The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush,
but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes, can be used. Painting is an
important form in the visual arts, bringing in elements such as drawing, composition, gesture
(as in gestural painting), narration (as in narrative art), and abstraction (as in abstract
art).Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in still life and landscape painting),
photographic, abstract, narrative, symbolistic (as in Symbolist art), emotive (as in
Expressionism) or political in nature (as in Artivism).
Example: Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci

Architecture
is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated
with construction. The practice of architecture is employed to fulfill both practical and
expressive requirements, and thus it serves both utilitarian and aesthetic ends. Although
these two ends may be distinguished, they cannot be separated, and the relative weight
given to each can vary widely. Because every society—settled or nomadic—has a spatial
relationship to the natural world and to other societies, the structures they produce reveal
much about their environment (including climate and weather), history, ceremonies, and
artistic sensibility, as well as many aspects of daily life.

Film
An art film (or art house film) is typically an independent film, aimed at a niche market rather
than a mass market audience. It is "intended to be a serious, artistic work, often
experimental and not designed for mass appeal",] "made primarily for aesthetic reasons
rather than commercial profit",and contains "unconventional or highly symbolic content".Art
film producers usually present their films at special theaters (repertory cinemas or, in the
U.S., art-house cinemas) and at film festivals. The term art film is much more widely used in
North America, the United Kingdom, and Australia, compared to the mainland Europe,
where the terms auteur films and national cinema (e.g. German national cinema) are used
instead.

Fine-art photography
is photography created in line with the vision of the photographer as artist, using
photography as a medium for creative expression. The goal of fine-art photography is to
express an idea, a message, or an emotion. This stands in contrast to representational
photography, such as photojournalism, which provides a documentary visual account of
specific subjects and events, literally representing objective reality rather than the subjective
intent of the photographer; and commercial photography, the primary focus of which is to
advertise products, or services.

Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the
plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material)
and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other
materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials
and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving,
assembled by welding or modelling, or moulded or cast.
Example:The Dying Gaul