Dot 9581

Annual Report
of the Council - 1991

DOCUMENTATION
for the session of the Assembly in 1992

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION

 Published by the Secretary General under authority of the Council

Published in separate English, Arabic, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the
International Civil Aviation Organization. AN correspondence, except orders and
subscriptions, should be addressed to the Secretary General.

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lOI

The Catalogue of
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currently available.

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 TO THE ASSEMBLY
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION

I have the honour to transmit, at the direction of the Council, its Report for the
year 1991 prepared in compliance with Article 54(a) of the Convention on
International Civil Aviation. With the Reports for I989 (Dot 9553) and 1990
(Dot 9568) it constitutes documentation for Item 7 of the Provisional Agenda of
the 29th Session of the Assembly. It will be supplemented by a brief review of the
work of the Organization for the first six months of 1992 and will be sent to the
Economic and Social Council of the United Nations in pursuance of Article VI,
paragraph 2 (a) of the Agreement between the United Nations and ICAO.
The Report was prepared by the Secretariat and circulated in draf form to
the Representatives of Council Member States for their suggestions. The Council,
as a body, did not formally examine or adopt it but, as in the past, delegated to
its President authority to approve the final text after considering all the
suggestions received.
As in previous years, Chapter I is a description of significant developments
in civil aviation during the year; the activities of ICAO itself are described in
Chapters II to IX.
The Council held three sessions in 1991. These were the One hundred and
thirty-second Session from 21 January to 28 March with a total of twenty-one
meetings, four of which were held outside the Council phase; the One hundred
and thirty-third Session from 29 April to 28 June, with a total of twenty-two
meetings, two of which were held outside the Council phase; and the One
hundred and thirty-fourth Session from 30 September to I7 December, with a
total of twenty-six meetings, six of which were held outside the Council phase.
Author@ was delegated to the President to act on a number of matters, as
necessary, when the Council was not in session.

Assad Kotaite
President of the Council
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Highlights . . .

. . . of the Annual Report of the Council for 1991

Scheduled traffic of the world’s airlines fell in 1991, the first year of decline since airline statistics
were first recorded by /CA0 in 1945. Over-all passenger/freight/mail tonne-kilometres performed
were down by 3.5 per cent and international traffic by 3.8 per cent. Airlines experienced an
operating loss estimated at 0.5 per cent of operating revenues, reflecting generally poor economic
performance by many major economies globally and also the impact of the hostilities in the Gulf

Preliminary information on aircraft accidents involving passenger fatalities in scheduled air

services for /CA0 Contracting States showed there were 30 fatal accidents in 7997 involving 653
passenger fatalities in scheduled services compared to 25 fatal accidents and 495 passenger
fatalities in 1990. The number of passenger fatalities per 100 million passenger-kilometres rose
slight/y from 0.03 in 7990 to 0.04 in 199 7.

The Tenth Air Navigation Conference endorsed the /CA0 global communications, navigation and
surveillance/air traffic management (CNSIATM) systems concept and developed recommendations
to facilitate its implementation. The conference was preceded by a one-day Symposium on Future
Global CNS Systems to provide participants at the conference with a sound understanding of the
work of the Future Air Navigation Systems (FANS) Special Committee of the Council, including an
introduction to the CNS’ATM systems concept.

The second meeting of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP/2) was held in
December. The committee suggested a vigorous plan for future reduction in noise around airports.
In addition, CAEP/2 recommended a reduction in the Annex 16, Volume II limits on engine
emissions. It also developed a comprehensive work programme to address all aspects of engine
emissions at high altitude.

The Council approved the establishment of an Asia/Pacific Air Navigation Planning and
Implementation Regional Group (A PANPIRG).

Following hostilities in the Gulf area, an ICAO contingency co-ordinating team was established
consisting of Secretariat staff from Headquarters and five Regional offices (Bangkok, Cairo,
Dakar, Nairobi and Paris). In consultation with Contracting States, the international Air Transport
Association (IA TA) and the International Federation of Air Line Pilots’ Associations (IFALPA), five
alternative routings were identified to accommodate traffic between Europe and Asia in case of
disruption of the main traffic flow through the area. As a result of timely contingency planning, air
transport operators continued their operations during the Gulf crisis without significant difficulty,
using the alternative routings identified by ICAO.

The Conference on Airport and Route Facility Management adopted rewmmenda tions aimed at
improving the financial situation and management of airports and route facilities. The Conference
recommendations would form the basis for a review of the policy guidance in the Council
Statements on Charges for Airports and Route Air Navigation Facilities.

As part of the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations, GATT tabled in December a draft General
Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The agreement included an annex on air transport
seeking to apply multilateral trade principles to certain aspects of commercial operation, such as
the selling and marketing of air transport services.

The Council adopted the /CA0 Code of Conduct for the Regulation and Operation of Computer
Reservation Systems as the recommended basis for Contracting States to regulate the operations
of computer reservation systems in their territories,

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 Annual Report of the Council - 1991
-(iv)
New ICAO specifications for machine readable passports were published and subsequently
adopted as an IS0 Standard.

The ICAO Technical Co-operation Programme for 1991 was valued at $51 million of which $45.8
million was implemented. During the year, 1 446 fellowships were awarded by ICAO through its
Technical Co-operation Programme. The financial situation of the Proilramme continued to
deteriorate with operating costs exceeding income received from external sources.

The TRAINAIR Programme, which is designed to improve civil aviation training standards
world-wide through the sharing of training material and which is currently being funded by the
United Nations Development Programme, will be part of the 1993- 1994- 1995 Programme Budget
to be submitted to the 29th Session of the Assembly.

An International Conference on Air Law met in Montreal and adopted, by consensus, the
Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection, done at Montreal
on 7 March 1991. By the end of 1991 the Convention had been signed by 45 States and
approved by one.

In 1991 the number of acts of unlawful interference decreased significantly compared to 1990.
There was no loss of human life from such acts. As unlawful interference remained a serious
threat to the safety of air travel, ICAO continued to accord the highest priority to aviation security
by further developing legal and technical measures to protect international civil aviation against
acts of violence.

ICAO completed a comprehensive revision of the Security Manual (Restricted) in order to assist
States with the uniform and consistent implementation of Annex 77.

The mechanism for financial, technical and material assistance to States with regard to aviation
security continued to enhance global implementation of the aviation security system. Since the
commencement of the mechanism activities, 76 States requested assistance and ‘28 States
received technical evaluation missions. In terms of follow-up activities in 1991, seven States were
the subject of missions.

The first ICAO Standardized Training Package (STP) for aviation security training on a global
basis was developed for distribution to requesting States.

ICAO continued to experience serious cash flow difficulties resulting from delays in payment of
1991 contributions and accumulated arrears which have an adverse effect on the ICAO Work
Programme.
 Table of Contents

Page Page

Chapter I. Civil Aviation Developments Chapter V. Technical Co-operation ........ 62

in 1991.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 1 1. Synopsis ........................ 62
1. Regulatory and commercial 2. Participation of the Regional Offices
developments . .............. . . . . . 1 in technical co-operation activities ...... 66
2. Airport traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Finance ......................... 70
3. Air carrier traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. Personnel ....................... 70
4. Air carrier fleets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5. Fellowship awards ................. 71
5. Fares and rates of scheduled airlines . . . . 17 6. Equipment and subcontracts .......... 71
6. Financial results of scheduled 7. UNDP and Trust Fund programmes ..... 71
airlines ‘. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 21
7. General aviation .i ........... . . . . . 22 Chapter VI. Constitutional and
8. Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Legal Questions ....................... 96
9. Technical trends and developments . . . . . 29 1. Introduction ...................... 96
2. Chicago Acts ..................... 96
3. International air law conventions ....... 97
ACTIVITIES AND DEVELOPMENTS 4. Legal meetings ................... 99
IN ICAO IN 1991 5. Work programme of the
Legal Committee .................. 99
Chapter II. Air Navigation . . . . . . . . . ..... 35 6. Privileges, immunities and facilities ...... 99
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . 35 7. Registration of agreements and
2. Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 35 arrangements ..................... 99
3. International Standards and 8. Collection of national aviation laws
Recommended Practices (SARPs) and regulations ................... 99
and Procedures for Air Navigation
Services (PANS) . . . . . . . . . . . , ...,. 38 Chapter VII. Aviation Security ........... 100
4. Air Navigation Plans . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 38 1. Introduction ...................... 100
5. Participation of the Regional Offices 2. Statistics ........................ 100
in air navigation activities . . . . . . . ..... 39 3. Committee on Unlawful Interference
6. Projects given special attention with International Civil Aviation and
during 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,..,. 49 its Facilities ...................... 100
4. Technical and legal aspects of
Chapter III. Air Transport .............. 52 aviation security .................. 104
1. Introduction ...................... 52 5. Participation of the Regional Offices
2. Meetings ........................ 52 in aviation security activities .......... 104
3. Economic activities ................ 53
4. Statistics ........................ 54 Chapter VIII. Relations with Other
5. Airport and route facility International Organizations .............. 106
management ..................... 54 1. The United Nations ................ 106
6. Facilitation ...................... 55 2. Inter-agency bodies ................ 107
7. Participation of the Regional Offices 3. Specialized Agencies ............... 108
in air transport activities ............. 56 4. Other international organizations ....... 109

Chapter IV. Joint Financing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Chapter IX. Organization and

1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Administration ........................ 111
2. Provision of communication circuits 1. Introduction ...................... 111
in Greenland and Iceland .. ........ 60 2. Organization ..................... 112
3. Renewal of the AFTN switching 3. Personnel ....................... 113
system at S@ndre Str@nfjord ....... 60 4. Familiarization Course .............. 114
4. Integrated communications system 5. Public information activities .......... 114
at the new Reykjavik Area 6. Office automation activities ........... 115
Control Centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 7. Language services, publications
5. The Danish Joint Financing Agreement .. 60 and library ...................... 115
6. The Icelandic Joint Financing Agreement 60 8. Finance ......................... 117

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(vi) Annual Report of the Council - 1991

Page Page

Appendices 5. Meetings held in 1991 .... .... ...... 149

1. Part I - States Parties to the Chicago 6. Participation of States and international

Acts as of 31 December 1991 . . . . . . . . 119
Piit II - Protocol on the Authentic
Trilingual Text of the Convention
on International Civil Aviation 7.
(Chicago, 1944), done at Buenos Aires
on 24 September 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
8.
Part III - Protocol on the Authentic
- Quadrilingual Text of the Convention
on International Civil Aviation
(Chicago, 1944), done at Montreal 9.
on 30 September 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
organizations in main ICAO meetings
in 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Programme of ICAO Meetings
for 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Structure of ICAO Secretariat as of
31 December 1991 , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
National distribution of Professional
Category staff as of 31 December 1991 . . 159

2. List of States Parties to the Warsaw 10. Distribution of Technical Co-operation

Convention, The Hague Protocol, field staff by nationality, grade and
the Guadalajara, Geneva, Rome, Tokyo, prograrnme, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 163
The Hague and Montreal Conventions
and the Montreal Supplementary 11. Field personnel recruitment - 1991 ... 165
Protocol, as of 3 1 December 1991 . . . . . 129
12. Fellowship awards made during 1991
3. Part I - Annexes to the Convention - under ICAO programmes ........ ... 173
Amendments adopted during 1991 . . . . . 137
13. Equipment procurement and
Part II - Annexes to the Convention -
subcontracts ................. ... 188
Status of notification of compliance
or differences . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 138
14. Review of action taken up to
Part III - Procedures for Air Navigation 31 December 1991 on Resolutions
Services (PANS) - Amendments of the 27th Session and 28th Session
approved during 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 (Extraordinary) of the Assembly ,,..... 191

4. The Council, Air Navigation 15. Statistics used for diagrams in

Commission and Council Committees .. 143 Chapter I . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 196