A

SYNOPSIS

ON

“Experimental investigation of the crashworthiness performance of

laminated composites using Plastic-fiber wind shield and carbon
fiber”
BY

MR. ABHIJEET PRAKASHRAO SABLE

M. TECH (DESIGN ENGINEERING)

REGISTRATION NO-19271209

UNDER GUIDANCE OF

PROF. S.H.PATIL

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KARAD
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE OF GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA)
2020- 2021

Government College of Engineering, Karad

(An autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)
SYNOPSIS FOR M-TECH. DISSERTATION PROPOSAL
1. Name of Course: M.Tech. (Mechanical-Design Engineering)
2. Name of Student: Abhijeet Prakashrao sable (Registration No-19271209)
3. Name of Guide: Prof. S.H.Patil
Assistant Professor,
Mechanical Engineering Department,
Government College of Engineering, Karad.
4. Date of Registration: September 2020
5. Proposed Title: Experimental investigation of the crashworthiness performance of laminated
composites using Plastic/fiber wind shield and carbon fiber
6. Relevance:
Crashworthiness is the ability of a vehicle to protect its occupants during an
impact/accident. Crashworthiness plays a key role in energy absorption and hence in vehicle
accidents, also Crashworthiness concerns the safety of a vehicle during a car accident, not crash
prevention. In vehicle accidents, the dissipation of crash forces is of high importance to save
lives and protect assets. Depending on the nature of the impact and the vehicle involved,
different criteria are used to determine the crashworthiness of the structure. Several criteria are
used to assess crashworthiness prospectively, including the deformation patterns of the vehicle
structure, the acceleration experienced by the vehicle during an impact, and the probability of
injury predicted by human body models. Injury probability is defined using criteria, which are
mechanical parameters (e.g., force, acceleration, or deformation) that correlate with injury risk.

(Fig.Crashworthiness testing using human dummy)

To define crashworthiness, car companies must conduct extensive crash testing to
identify potentially injurious car defects. These tests chiefly concern how the force of a
collision affects the occupant of a vehicle. These tests chiefly concern how the force of a
collision affects the occupant of a vehicle. 
Car accidents are among the major causes of mortality in modern society. In the
automotive industry, safety is one of the main design considerations. When there is a progressive
collapse of the vehicle structure during a frontal crash, two basic requirements should be fulfilled
for preventing death or serious injury to the occupants.

The first requirement ensures that occupants do not sustain injuries caused by
high inertia forces and material used.
Occupants are not clamped by the car structure during the crash event. To fulfil
this requirement, the deformation of the passenger compartment needs to be
limited.
This project is all about the first requirement of crashworthiness testing parameter i.e.
“High inertial force and material” used. Aluminium, Steel, rubber, plastics/fiber and are four
commonly utilized commodities found in cars, specifically for this project I am going to work on
laminated composites of plastic and carbon fiber.

7. Literature review:

7.1 Samer Gowid, Jamil Renno (June 2020- Crashworthiness plays a key role in energy
absorption in vehicle accidents. The energy absorption capacity of laminated composite
materials is heavily investigated in the industry due to their low cost, corrosion resistance,
and high strength to weight ratio. Thus, this paper experimentally investigates the effect of
the addition of woven fiber laminates and fiber steel sandwich laminates on the strength and
energy absorption capacity of PVC polymer tubes. The sandwich‐structured composite is
formed from two woven glass‐fiber composite layers with a steel layer in between. Four
normal and hybrid reinforcement configurations are proposed, evaluated, and compared to
the benchmark unreinforced tube. The crashworthiness characteristics of the reinforced
composite tubes were identified using quasi‐static axial compression tests. The crushing
parameters, in terms of load–displacement response, load‐carrying capacity, Specific Energy
(SE) absorption capability, and Crush Force Efficiency (CFE) were determined for each
sample. Moreover, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was carried out to
investigate the microstructures, which clearly indicate the fractured surfaces. The results
show that the tube reinforced with a 1 mm steel layer sandwiched between 2 layers and 4
layers of woven glass‐fiber has the highest SE and CFE of 14 J/g and 0.91, respectively,
while the tube reinforced with 7 layers of glass fiber layers only has the highest Initial Peak
Load (IPF) of 139.36 kN.

7.2 Malepati Vineeth Choudary. Balasubramanian-The most noteworthy use of

composite materials is seen in structural components for air craft’s. In this investigation, a
laminate of glass fiber reinforced with stainless steel wire mesh is used. Corrosion
resistance, less elongation at high tension and high flexibility are the features of stainless
steel fiber. The mechanical properties of the laminates were strengthened with steel wire
mesh and studied for their performance. Tensile, compressive and flexural tests were carried
out on glass fiber/stainless steel hybrid composites to understand the behavior of the
composite. Three-point bend test was carried out on those specimens to evaluate the flexural
 strength and flexural modulus. It has been observed that the reinforcement of stainless-steel
wires has significant impact on the mechanical properties of the sandwiched laminates.

7.3 N. Mahaviradhan, S. Sivaganesan-Many research works were carried out in the field
of material science; these researches show that the composite materials are better than the
conventional materials due to their enhanced mechanical properties. The recent
manufacturing trends, Aluminium based composite materials are popular in most of the
application like automotive, aircraft, military, and others. The carbon fiber reinforced
aluminum metal matrix composites are highly potential materials for aerospace and
electronics industries. In the present work, an open die casting method is used to fabricate
the AA 6061 based composite material. The AA6061 is used as a base metal, and the
uncoated continuous long spool-type pitch-based carbon fibers are used as reinforcement.
The carbon fibers were placed in the format with two-levels of weight percentage 5% and
10%; the carbon fibers were reinforced with a certain distance with AA6061 Aluminium
alloy; the composite is fabricated with the help of an electric furnace. The composite’s
mechanical properties were studied by the various mechanical tests and they were compared
with the base alloy of AA6061. The morphological characteristic was studied by the SEM
images, which exhibit the uniform distribution of carbon fibers in the composite material.

7.4 Patryk Jakubczak, Jarosław Bienias, Magda Drozdziel - Impact resistance is one of
the basic properties of thin-walled coating structures that is of vast importance in the
aerospace industry. Being able to absorb the energy of impact force, having resistance to
puncture and being able to limit internal damage to the structure affect the continued load
capacity of the component. Current aerospace designs utilize composite and hybrid
materials. The work compares the low-velocity impact resistance of carbon fibers-reinforced
polymer, Aluminium carbon reinforced aluminum and hybrid titanium carbon laminates. In
the assessment measurable, experimental and analytic evaluation criteria for the
phenomenon of impact and the reaction of the material to this type of load, based on diverse
physical foundations were utilized. It was demonstrated that a laminate based on titanium
layers has at least two times higher impact resistance than Aluminium based laminate, and at
least six times greater impact resistance than its conventional carbon-epoxy equivalent.

8. Problem statement: Most of the parts in automobile vehicle are made from plastic fiber
material like mudguard, wind shield, mirror case, bonnet. But when accident takes place then
destruction in plastic parts occurs. Therefore it is necessary to make plastic material enough hard
so that it cannot break easily in accidents, by using carbon fiber as reinforcement material.

9. Material section:
  In accident most of the vehicles are destroyed due low quality material used in
manufacturing.
 Among Steel, Aluminium, plastic/fiber parts most destruction takes place in plastic
parts easily in accident.
 So I am going to choose the plastic/fiber wind shield as base material for
crashworthiness test.
 For reinforcement I have three options metallic fiber, glass fiber and carbon fiber,
but I selected carbon fiber due to high tensile strength, dimensional stability, high
heat resistance and fire resistance, good chemical resistance, durability and
economical

10. Proposed work:

 To manufacture laminated composite material by using carbon fiber and plastic wind
shield of two wheeler.
 To study crashworthiness behavior of laminated reinforced under various analysis
process and condition.
 To know the suitability and crashworthiness of reinforcement using carbon fiber.

11. Objectives:
 To find at which force, stress load–displacement response, load‐carrying capacity,
Specific Energy (SE) absorption capability, and Crush Force Efficiency (CFE) of the
laminated wind shield will break by using universal tensile machine, impact testing
machine.
 To know the suitability and crashworthiness of reinforcement using carbon fiber.
 These parameters will decide at what impact force, stress plastic parts of vehicle
breaks in accidents.

12. Expected outcome of the work:

As per above studies it is expected
1. After performing tests on universal tensile machine, impact testing machine, and
hardness testing results gets from the laminated composite using carbon fibre and plastic
wind shield will gives superior results as compared with plastic wind shield.
2. Laminated composite using carbon fibre will gives good results in stress load–
displacement response, load‐carrying capacity, Specific Energy (SE) absorption
capability, and Crush Force Efficiency (CFE).

11. Methodology.
 Problem identification

Review of literature related

to problem

Material selection

Collection of data

Manufacturing of laminated
composites

.Perform experiments as per design of

experiment

The analysis of data using

ANSYS and MATLAB
software

Conclusion
Work Activity Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June
2020 2020 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021

Problem
Identification

Literature
Survey

Material
selection

Collection of
data

Perform
experiments
experiment

The analysis
of data

Report
Writing

12. Work activity table:

13. References:
 1) Samer Gowid, Elsadig Mahdi Jamil Renno, Sadok Sassi Ghais Kharmanda, Abdallah
Shokry- “Experimental investigation of the crashworthiness performance of fiber and
fiber steel-reinforced composites tubes”
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1u6u2P01f37U9PoInVh1RR8UYkOczGwpSRoyjhi
HvSw/edit?usp=sharing

2) Malepati Vineeth Choudary, A. Nagaraja- “Characterization of laminate sandwiched

with stainless steel and glass fiber”
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dZ1mdFS2kjAGvbQeVuyySPpS7d8yU3t3vDXjlR
3-GDA/edit?usp=sharing

3) N. Mahaviradhan, S. Sivaganesan-“ Experimental investigation on mechanical

properties of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite”
https://docs.google.com/document/d/19Ve4eJPZNGhlMrv6r1DVgD5MKVSDMgqlwk9
Ms5ZfYA/edit?usp=sharing

4) Jakubczak, Jarosław Bienias, The collation of impact behaviour of titanium/carbon,

aluminium/carbon and conventional carbon fibers laminates.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YzGSrIxkJCc4L4AwIBzTZyNOaivNAuhuIOU7n
6o_Rmg/edit?usp=sharing

14. Undertaking by student:

 I guarantee that information provided by me is correct and no part of the work had been
submitted for award of any degree/diploma at any other university/ college.

Date:
Place:

Signature of student Name of student- Abhijeet Prakashrao Sable

Name of Discipline-M.Tech Production Engineering

16. Undertaking by Guide:

Information given by the student is correct and said facilities are available with the
institute.

Date:
Place:

Prof. S.H. Patil Dr R.K. Shrivastav

Assistant Professor and Guide Professor and Head
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Govt. College of Engineering Karad Govt. College of Engineering Karad