DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL (JOKA), SOUTH KOLKATA

CLASS: V
SUBJECT: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
TOPIC: MACHINES AND WATER WHEELS (ANSWER KEY)
TEACHER: MS. SANCHITA DEBNATH ROY

QI. Fill in the blanks.

a. A water wheel that is used to grind grain consists of a wheel with
paddles attached to its rim.
b. Staircases in hospitals are provided with ramps so that
wheelchairs carrying patients can be easily pushed up.
c. The winding edge of a screw is known as thread .
d. Pulleys are used in cranes to lift heavy loads.
e. The tweezers used by a surgeon to perform an operation decreases
force.
f. A wheel becomes a simple machine when it is attached to a rod called an
axle .

QII. Answer the following questions.

1. What is the difference between a simple and a complex machine?

Ans : A simple machine has only few parts in it whereas a complex machine is
made of several simple machines joined together. A simple machine is
easy to carry and operate but a complex machine cannot be carried
easily and is also difficult to operate.

2. Name the main types of simple machines.

Ans : The main types of simple machines are :

Lever, pulley, inclined plane, screw and wheel and axle.
3. What is a wheel and axle arrangement?

Ans : A wheel with a rod attached to it is called as wheel and axle

arrangement.
A wheel alone is not a simple machine. It becomes a simple machine
when a rod is attached to it.

4. Describe how a water wheel can be used to grind grain.

Ans : A simple water wheel used to grind grain consists of a wheel with
paddles attached to its rim. Its lower portion dips in the water of a
flowing stream. When the flowing water strikes the paddles, it causes
the wheel to turn. As the wheel rotates, it turns the axle. This causes a
grinding stone to rotate. Such a water wheel is called a water mill.
Watermills are widely used in the state of Uttarakhand, to grind wheat
to flour.

5. Roads on hills are made to have very gentle slopes. Why ?

Ans : Roads on hill have gentle slopes because these slopes act as inclined
plane, which make it easier to push any load applying less force.

6. List two ways in which a screw is more useful than nail.

Ans : i ) A screw has grooves in it. It can be turn round and round with a
screw driver by applying less force, whereas it takes more force to insert
a nail.

ii) In a screw presence of thread helps to hold a surface more tightly

than a nail.

7. How does a screw jack work?

Ans : A screw jack is used to lift up car. It has a wheel and a handle. When we
turn the handle, the screw of the jack turns around based on the
principle of a screw. The screw jack increases the force applied on the
handle and as a result the car is lifted.
8. What is a lever? Name the components of a lever. Draw a lever.

Ans : A Lever consist of a rod free to move about a fixed point. It has the
following parts :

a) Fulcrum – It is the fixed point on the lever which makes the lever
move .

b) Load – It is the point on the lever where load is kept .

c) Effort – It is the point on the lever where force is applied.

DIAGRAM OF THE LEVER

9. Name the simple machine being used in the following cases.

a) A crane used to lift heavy loads : Pulley

b) A bus going on a hill road : Inclined plane

c) Cutting paper with a pair of scissor : Lever

d) Picking up diamonds using tweezers : Lever

e) A screw jack being used to lift cars

for replacing a punctured tyre : Screw , wheel and axle

f) A water wheel used to lift water from a well : Wheel and axle

10. Name some lever used in our day to day life .

Ans: Pair of scissor, sea – saw, fishing rod, forcep or tweezer, tong, nut
cracker, bottle opener, plier.