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IV. Technical Plan

A. Proof of Concept

The most important factor in any business environment is innovation. The

company considered this factor as it aims to determine the sustainability of business
operations and the initiatives for profit-making. The business environment in the twenty-
first century is really like a contest, race, or rivalry among the business competitors that
sells similar to our product, and that shows the significance of innovation. The company
think of the reality while building this product plan. The Covid-19 pandemic struck most
of the targeted markets, therefore being well and healthy is a key for everyone to be
efficient in their works, household chores or even in their school works, while doing
these activities they can never get rid of holding and touching their gadgets as well as
their smartphones. Smartphone and other gadgets have grown into an integral part of
modern society, therefore these things become a breeding grounds for microbial
organisms, these constitute a potential global public health risk for microbial
transmission, especially in this time of Covid-19 pandemic. In order to reduce these
transmissions and health risk of targeted buyers of the product, the company integrated
using Copper for instant disinfecting of their smartphones and gadgets. The
antimicrobial activity of copper and copper alloys is now well recognized, and copper
has recently been listed at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as the first solid
disinfectant material. Inclining this element with a pouch for smartphones and other
gadgets will give an immediate disinfection, which would make the customers feel safe
and healthy.

I. Discussion of Technological Application

Researchers are becoming more interested in the synthesis of copper

nanoparticles as green nanotechnology advances, owing to its growing relevance in the
healthcare field. The use of phytochemicals in plant extracts has become a popular
trend in nanoparticle manufacturing because they work as both reducing and stabilizing
agents. A simple and rapid biosynthetic strategy for synthesizing stable fenugreek
copper nanoparticles (FCuNPs) utilizing Trigonella foenum-graecum is demonstrated
and its antibacterial effectiveness against gram negative Vibrio species is evaluated in
this study. The SPR of FCuNPs was observed at 350 nm during the characterisation of
synthesized FCuNPs using a UV–vis spectrophotometer. The morphology and size of
FCuNPs were assessed using TEM, HRTEM, and SAED. In order to explore the
interaction of phytochemicals with FCuNPs, FTIR spectra of both the plant extract and
FCuNPs were acquired.

Using the agar well diffusion technique, the antibacterial activity of

biosynthesized FCuNPs was investigated against V. vulnificus, V. harveyi, and V.
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parahaemolyticus. The FCuNPs created were utilized to analyze human skin fibroblast
cell line by Alamar Blue reduction assay because this method of generating copper
nanoparticles does not require any toxic chemicals. The findings of this paper will
undoubtedly pave a new road in the realm of nanotechnology and nanomedicine, where
antibacterial and cell viability investigations are in high demand. As a result, FCuNPs
have the potential to be effective therapeutic materials in a variety of biological
applications that will be identified in the near future.

The study of Zerbib et al. in a nursing home studied the antimicrobial properties
of copper. It is concluded that copper reduce the infection related to surface contact
transmission. Researchers equipped 90% Copper door handles, handrails, and grab
bars in some areas of the building in which influenza A, norovirus which causes
gastroenteritis, adenovirus which causes keratoconjunctivitis, and other viruses had an
outbreak during the study period. The study showed that outbreaks of adenovirus and
norovirus were significantly lower on copper-equipped areas. Norovirus and adenovirus
are transmitted through surface contact.

Based from (Gregor Grass, Christopher Rensing, Marc Solioz, 2011 ) ,Bacteria,
yeasts, and viruses are rapidly killed on metallic copper surfaces, which has given rise
to the term "contact killing." While the phenomenon has been documented since
antiquity, it is currently gaining new attention. This is because copper has the potential
to be used as an antimicrobial substance in health-care facilities. After lengthy
incubation, no viable bacteria were recovered from copper surfaces, indicating that
contact killing occurs at a rate of at least 7 to 8 logs per hour. Copper and copper alloys
have long been known to have antibacterial properties, and copper was recently
registered as the first solid antimicrobial material by the US Environmental Protection
Agency.

Copper has been tested for usage on contact surfaces such as door handles,
bathroom fixtures, and bed rails in various clinical investigations in an attempt to reduce
nosocomial infections. Understanding the mechanism of contact killing is crucial in
relation to these novel copper applications because it may have implications for
important issues such as the establishment and spread of resistant organisms, cleaning
techniques, and material and object engineering. Recent research has shed light on the
mechanics of contact killing. These findings will be discussed in this article, as well as
the toxicity mechanisms of ionic copper. Copper's value as a sanitary material in
hospitals and other places will be explored as well.
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(Bill Keevil, 2017) States that to assist minimize the spread of germs and protect
the health of its visitors, Fantasilandia in Chile, one of Latin America's major amusement
parks, has replaced its most commonly touched surfaces with copper. But why is that?
Copper and its alloys have outstanding antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties.
Copper has been used for medicinal purposes since the dawn of humanity. After a
battle, Egyptian and Babylonian troops sharpened their bronze swords (a copper-tin
alloy) and inserted the filings into their wounds to minimize infection and speed
recovery. Copper was also employed in ancient China and India to treat medicinal
ailments, and it is still used in Ayurveda medicine today. Copper oxide and copper
carbonate, in combination with other substances such as sodium carbonate, olive paste,
and honey, were utilized by Hippocrates in Greece and the Aztecs to cure skin
problems. Several cholera epidemics were avoided by copper miners in Paris, while
French vineyards used a Bordeaux mixture of copper sulphate and slaked lime to
protect vines from fungal assault.

According to Tajouri et al., up to 72% of smartphone users never clean their

devices. It is likely that our mobile phones become fomite, an object with microbial
contamination. The frequent usage of smartphones which are often contaminated will
enable the transmission of pathogens among people. In the recent study of van
Doremalen et al., SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 stability and decay rates in copper
(99% purity), stainless steel, cardboard, plastic, and aerosols were compared and
evaluated. It was found that despite of the reduction on the infectivity of both SARS-CoV
variants, the virus is still infectious after 3 hours with aerosols, 48 hours with stainless
steel, and 72 hours with plastic. When exposed to copper, there were no signs of
survival of the virus after 8 hours for SARS-CoV-1 and 4 hours for SARS-CoV-2.
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II. Final Product Look

III. Product Assembly Drawing

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IV. Bill of Materials

Component Description Cost (₱)

Waterproof Plastic Polyvinyl Chloride
Case
Two 160mm x 85mm 221
Two 160mm x 8mm 32
85mm x 8mm 10

Copper Copper Film

140 mm x 85mm 25
Two 160mm x 8mm 6
85mm x 8mm 2

Copper Cover Polyester Cotton

Two 140mm x 85mm 1
Four 160mm x 8mm 1
Two 85mm x 8mm 1

Lock Liquid Silicone Rubber

100 grams 80
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Lace Aluminum Lace 15

Total 394

Table 1. Overall bill of materials

References:

(Reshmi Ghuglota, William Titusa, Ananya S.Agnihotria, V.Krishnakumarb, Ganesan

Krishnamoorthy, Nidhin Marimuthua, 2021)

Zerbib, S., Vallet, L., Muggeo, A., de Champs, C., Lefebvre, A., Jolly, D., &
Kanagaratnam, L. (2020). Copper for the Prevention of Outbreaks of Health Care–
Associated Infections in a Long-term Care Facility for Older Adults. Journal of the
American Medical Directors Association, 21(1), 68–71.e1.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2019.02.003

van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D. H., Holbrook, M. G., Gamble, A.,
Williamson, B. N., Tamin, A., Harcourt, J. L., Thornburg, N. J., Gerber, S. I., Lloyd-
Smith, J. O., de Wit, E., & Munster, V. J. (2020). Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-
CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(16),
1564–1567. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2004973

Gregor Grass, Christopher Rensing, Marc Solioz Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Mar;
77(5): 1541–1547. Published online 2010 Dec 30. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02766-10

PMCID: PMC3067274