 Legal laws are classified usually into two

different types:
1. criminal
2. civil law.
It is important to note here that the nature
of this classification is because there are
major differences in the purpose,
procedures and terminology of every
branch of law
 Criminal law:
 Criminal law is the law that is connected
with the act of forbidding particular forms of
wrongful conduct and imposing punishment
on those who engage in such acts.
 Criminal proceedings are usually brought in
the name of the State and are known as
‘prosecutions’.
 Itshould be noted that prosecutions may be
assessed by a private individual or other
bodies, such as the trading standards
department of the local authority but cannot
undertake the case of the prosecution.
 In criminal cases there is a prosecutor who
prosecutes the defendant for the offence
committed.
 The consequences of being proved guilty are so
extreme that the standard of proof is higher in
criminal cases as compared to civil scenarios.
 The allegations of a criminal conduct need to be
proved beyond reasonable doubt. If the
prosecution successfully proves the guilt of the
defendant, he might be punished by the court
respectively.           
 Punishments that are available to be imposed on
the convict are imprisonment and fines. If the
prosecution is unsuccessful in proving the guilt of
the accused defendant, he is acquitted.
 The civil law deals with the private rights and duties
which arise between individuals in a country.
 The object of a civil action is to correct the
wrongdoing that has been committed.
 Enforcement of civil law is the accountability of the
individual who has committed the wrong and the
state is responsible to provide for the procedure to
resolve the dispute.
 In case of civil proceedings, the person who claims
sues the defendant in the civil court and asks for a
remedy. The claimant will be successful in his claim if
he is able to prove his case. If the claimant is not
successful, the defendant will not be made liable for
his actions. 
 Substantive law
 The law which defines rights and liabilities is
known as substantive law.
 It is called so since it lays down a proper
and precise substance of subject matter
which is enforceable in the courts. The
purpose of a law that is substantive is to
define, create or confer a proper substantive
legal right or status or to impose the nature
and extent of any sort of legal duties or
obligations.
 The purpose of a law that is substantive is to
define, create or confer a proper substantive
legal right or status or to impose the nature
and extent of any sort of legal duties or
obligations.
 Substantive law, with regard to a specific
subject, defines the legal rights and
relationship of people between themselves
or between them and the State.
 Any wrongdoing of an individual, group of
persons or the state against another will hold
him liable to the others accordingly. For the
purpose of any substantive law, the wrongs
could be either civil or criminal. Substantive
law refers to all forms of law both, public
and private including the law of contracts,
property, torts and crimes of all kinds. 
 The law of procedure is that branch of law that deals
with the process of litigation.
 It embodies the rules and procedures pertaining to
the institution and prosecution of any kind of civil or
criminal proceeding.
 Procedural law consists of a set of rules by which a
court hears cases and decides the proceedings.
 Historically, the law that many know is substantive
law, and procedural law has always been a matter of
concern only to those who preside over as judicial
officers or those advocating law. But, over a period of
time, the courts developed a system of evidence and
procedure, that fall within the purview of procedural
law relating to the fairness and transparency of such
process
 Historically,the law that many know is
substantive law, and procedural law has
always been a matter of concern only to
those who preside over as judicial officers or
those advocating law. But, over a period of
time, the courts developed a system of
evidence and procedure, that fall within the
purview of procedural law relating to the
fairness and transparency of such process.
Instances of procedural law.
 The Indian Evidence Act,
 The Limitation Act,
 The Code of Civil Procedure,
 The Code of Criminal Procedure.