Gymnast ICS: University of Saint Anthony Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial City of Iriga

UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL

CITY OF IRIGA
College Of Teacher Education
GYMNAST
ICS
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GYMNASTICS HISTORY
Gymnastics is thought to have began in ancient Greece about 2500 years ago
where it was used in training to keep fit for sporting activities. In the Greek city of
Athens, gymnastic tournaments were held, including tumbling, rope climbing, and
other similar activities.
The gymnasium was the hub of cultural activity. Men met there not only to
practice sport, but to understand art, music and philosophy. The Greeks believed
symmetry between the mind and body was possible only when physical exercise
was coupled with intellectual activity. Because of their love for these tournaments,
the Athenians sponsored the ancient Olympic Games. When the Roman’s
conquered Greece, they found that gymnastics was very valuable in their military
training. But after the fall of the Roman Empire, gymnastics vanished for hundreds
of years.
Today, gymnastics is often termed the ultimate combination of sport and art, but
the idea is nothing new. Plato, Homer and Aristotle strongly advocated the
strengthening qualities of gymnastic activity.
The term “artistic gymnastics” emerged in the early 1800s to distinguish between
free-flowing styles from the techniques used by the military. Although viewed as a
novelty sport by many, gymnastics competitions began to flourish in schools,
athletic clubs and various organizations across Europe in the 1880s. When the
Olympic movement was resurrected at Athens in 1896, gymnastics was one of the
first sports included.
The early Olympic Games featured some gymnastic disciplines which could hardly
be called “artistic”, however. Rope climbing, tumbling and club swinging were
some of the events that failed to survive the refining process. At the World
Championships, 1st held in Antwerp in 1903, field events such as the pole vault,
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broad jump and shot-put even featured every now and then until 1954. Swimming
appeared once, at the 1922 championships.
The Olympic program began to settle in 1924, with men competing for individual
medals and in team events on each apparatus. 4 years later, women began
competing in Olympic gymnastics at Amsterdam. By 1952, the Soviet Union had
become the leading country in Olympic gymnastics, its profile rising slowly after a
group of social reformers – including playwright Anton Chekhov – formed the
Russian Gymnastic Federation in 1883.
RULES & REGULATIONS

Welcome to Gemini Gymnastics. It is an honor and a pleasure having you join our
team. Please review the following rules and regulations carefully. If you have any
questions or concerns, please don’t hesitate to contact us.
Dress Code
 No jewelry of any type can be worn.
 Hair must be tied away from the face at all times.
 No shoes are allowed on the gym floor. Bare feet or gymnastics shoes (i.e.,
beam shoes) are recommended. Socks and tights are unsafe in the gym because
they are slippery on the apparatus/equipment, mats, and hard floors, therefore
they are not allowed.
 Girls attire: Gymnastics leotard or biketards only. No skirted or dance
leotards, buckles, belts, or zippers. Fitted shorts or pants may be worn during
warmups. (Gymnasts may be asked by the coach/instructor to take them off
during equipment time.)
 Boys attire: T-shirt tucked into shorts or pants that are not too baggy. No
buckles, belts or zippers.
Prior To Class
 Plan to arrive 5-10 minutes early for class. It is highly recommended that all
students be escorted by an adult crossing the street to and from Gemini
Gymnastics.
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 Arriving early will allow students to prepare for class by making sure they
are in proper attire and ready to go. Students should wait for the coach/instructor
to escort the athletes into the gym.
 Please take your child to the bathroom BEFORE class! If they have to use
the restrooms during class, they should notify their coach/instructor. No athlete
can just leave the gym without permission from the coach/instructor. Parents of
the Munchkins & Me, Preschool, and Kindernastics Classes should accompany
their child to the restroom.
 Parents should talk to their child about staying in line/stations, focusing on
their skills/drills, listening carefully to the coach/instructor, and refraining from
any talking or horseplay while in class.
 All parents/siblings/guests should remain in the observation area and not
enter the main gym. While waiting, please do not block any of the doors to the
gym for safety precautions. When exiting from the gym after class, the center
doors to the gym will be used, to smooth transition between classes as the next
class enters from the restroom side door to the gym.
 No food or drink in the gym area. Please keep all food and drink in the
observation area. It is strongly recommended that all athletes bring a bottle of
water with them to class to use during their water breaks. Water is available for
purchase in the administration office for $1.00.
 During Class Time
 Be prepared to participate · physically and mentally. Warm-up properly. Let
your coach/instructor know of any potential problems, such as injuries, sickness,
or fatigue.
 Be supervised · there must be a coach/instructor present for students to be on
the equipment.
 Only one person should be on the equipment at a time unless otherwise
stated by the coach/instructor.
 Absolutely NO HORSEPLAY or running around on the equipment or in the
gym unless otherwise stated by the coach/instructor.
 Make sure to look around before you cross in front of other
groups/equipment.
 Communicate clearly with the coach/instructor.
 Use proper skill progressions, master basic skills first before progressing to
more difficult skills.
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 Know the skills you are performing.

 Commit to the entire skill and follow-through.
 Know your personal limitations · do not attempt skills you are not capable of
performing beyond your skill level. Do not fall victim to peer pressure.
 Use proper landing technique and safety rolls when falling.
Code of Conduct
 All participants at Gemini Gymnastics are expected to maintain high
standards of moral and ethical conduct that includes self-control and responsible
behavior. Both athletes and parents must display courtesy and good manners and
consider the physical and emotional well being of others by treating everyone
with respect.
 No bad behavior, disrespect of others and/or their property, or abuse of the
equipment and/or the facility will be tolerated. Be respectful to yourself, others,
and the facility. Remember: Gemini Gymnastics’ goal is to provide a safe place
and a friendly environment for our youth’s community.
 No swearing, use of abusive language or display disruptive behavior,
including behavior that is dangerous to yourself or others, including acts of
violence, harassment, and physical or sexual abuse is not tolerated in the gym.
 Criticizing other gymnasts is not tolerated. Support fellow gymnasts to do
their best. Show good sportsmanship towards your teammates and peers.
Celebrate everyone’s success.
 Encourage yourself and others to build bonds with fellow teammates and
competitors.
 Work together as a team
 Strive to develop a strong work ethic by increasing self-image with training
in an environment containing both discipline and trust.
 Children misbehaving, creating a distraction, or being a risk to other
students will be asked to sit out. Three times in a session and their parents will
be contacted, if misbehavior continues, you will be asked to withdraw your child
from their class.
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BADMINTON
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History Badminton
Games employing shuttlecocks have been played for centuries

across Eurasia, but the modern game of badminton developed in the mid-19th
century among the British as a variant of the earlier game of battledore and
shuttlecock. ("Battledore" was an older term for "racquet".) Its exact origin
remains obscure. The name derives from the Duke of Beaufort's Badminton
House in Gloucestershire, but why or when remains unclear. As early as 1860, a
London toy dealer named Isaac Spratt published a booklet entitled Badminton
Battledore – A New Game, but no copy is known to have survived. [6] An 1863
article in The Cornhill Magazine describes badminton as "battledore and
shuttlecock played with sides, across a string suspended some five feet from the
ground".
The game may have originally developed among expatriate officers in British
India, where it was very popular by the 1870s. Ball badminton, a form of the game
played with a wool ball instead of a shuttlecock, was being played in Thanjavur as
early as the 1850s and was at first played interchangeably with badminton by the
British, the woollen ball being preferred in windy or wet weather.
Early on, the game was also known as Poona or Poonah after the garrison town
of Poona, where it was particularly popular and where the first rules for the game
were drawn up in 1873. By 1875, officers returning home had started a badminton
club in Folkestone. Initially, the sport was played with sides ranging from 1 to 4
players, but it was quickly established that games between two or four competitors
worked the best.[4] The shuttlecocks were coated with India rubber and, in outdoor
play, sometimes weighted with lead.[4] Although the depth of the net was of no
consequence, it was preferred that it should reach the ground.
The sport was played under the Pune rules until 1887, when J. H. E. Hart of
the Bath Badminton Club drew up revised regulations. In 1890, Hart and Bagnel
Wild again revised the rules. The Badminton Association of England (BAE)
published these rules in 1893 and officially launched the sport at a house called
"Dunbar"in Portsmouth on 13 September. The BAE started the first badminton
competition, the All England Open Badminton Championships for gentlemen's
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doubles, ladies' doubles, and mixed doubles, in 1899.[5] Singles competitions were

added in 1900 and an England–Ireland championship match appeared in 1904.
England, Scotland, Wales, Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, the Netherlands,
and New Zealand were the founding members of the International Badminton
Federation in 1934, now known as the Badminton World Federation. India joined
as an affiliate in 1936. The BWF now governs international badminton. Although
initiated in England, competitive men's badminton has traditionally been
dominated in Europe by Denmark. Worldwide, Asian nations have become
dominant in international
competition. China, Denmark, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, South
Korea, Taiwan (as Chinese Taipei) and Japan are the nations which have
consistently produced world-class players in the past few decades, with China
being the greatest force in men's and women's competition recently.
Rules and Regulations

Court
The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net. Courts are usually
marked for both singles and doubles play, although badminton rules permit a court
to be marked for singles only.[13] The doubles court is wider than the singles court,
but both are of the same length. The exception, which often causes confusion to
newer players, is that the doubles court has a shorter serve-length dimension.
The full width of the court is 6.1 metres (20 ft), and in singles this width is reduced
to 5.18 metres (17 ft). The full length of the court is 13.4 metres (44 ft). The
service courts are marked by a centre line dividing the width of the court, by a
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short service line at a distance of 1.98 metres (6 ft 6 inch) from the net, and by the
outer side and back boundaries. In doubles, the service court is also marked by a
long service line, which is 0.76 metres (2 ft 6 inch) from the back boundary.
The net is 1.55 metres (5 ft 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 metres (5 ft) high in
the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles sidelines, even when singles
is played.
The minimum height for the ceiling above the court is not mentioned in the Laws
of Badminton. Nonetheless, a badminton court will not be suitable if the ceiling is
likely to be hit on a high serve.
Serving
The legal bounds of a badminton court during various stages of a rally for
singles and doubles games
When the server serves, the shuttlecock must pass over the short service line on the
opponents' court or it will count as a fault. The server and receiver must remain
within their service courts, without touching the boundary lines, until the server
strikes the shuttlecock. The other two players may stand wherever they wish, so
long as they do not block the vision of the server or receiver.
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At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally opposite service
courts (see court dimensions). The server hits the shuttlecock so that it would land
in the receiver's service court. This is similar to tennis, except that in a badminton
serve the whole shuttle must be below 1.15 metres from the surface of the court at
the instant of being hit by the server's racket, the shuttlecock is not allowed to
bounce and in badminton, the players stand inside their service courts, unlike
tennis.
When the serving side loses a rally, the server immediately passes to their
opponent(s) (this differs from the old system where sometimes the serve passes to
the doubles partner for what is known as a "second serve").
In singles, the server stands in their right service court when their score is even,
and in their left service court when their score is odd.
In doubles, if the serving side wins a rally, the same player continues to serve, but
he/she changes service courts so that she/he serves to a different opponent each
time. If the opponents win the rally and their new score is even, the player in the
right service court serves; if odd, the player in the left service court serves. The
players' service courts are determined by their positions at the start of the previous
rally, not by where they were standing at the end of the rally. A consequence of
this system is that each time a side regains the service, the server will be the player
who did not serve last time.
Scoring
Each game is played to 21 points, with players scoring a point whenever
they win a rally regardless of whether they served[13] (this differs from the old
system where players could only win a point on their serve and each game was
played to 15 points). A match is the best of three games.
If the score reaches 20-all, then the game continues until one side gains a two-point
lead (such as 24–22), except when there is a tie at 29-all, in which the game goes to
a golden point. Whoever scores this point will win.
At the start of a match, the shuttlecock is cast and the side towards which the
shuttlecock is pointing serves first. Alternatively, a coin may be tossed, with the
winners choosing whether to serve or receive first, or choosing which end of the
court to occupy first, and their opponents making the leftover the remaining
choice.
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In subsequent games, the winners of the previous game serve first. Matches are
best out of three: a player or pair must win two games (of 21 points each) to win
the match. For the first rally of any doubles game, the serving pair may decide who
serves and the receiving pair may decide who receives. The players change ends at
the start of the second game; if the match reaches a third game, they change ends
both at the start of the game and when the leading player's or pair's score reaches
11 points.
Lets
If a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed with no change to the score. Lets
may occur because of some unexpected disturbance such as a shuttlecock landing
on a court (having been hit there by players playing in adjacent court) or in small
halls the shuttle may touch an overhead rail which can be classed as a let.
If the receiver is not ready when the service is delivered, a let shall be called; yet, if
the receiver attempts to return the shuttlecock, the receiver shall be judged to have
been ready.
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TEAKWAND
O
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History of Taekwondo
One of the earliest clues of Taekwondo’s existence is a mural painted on the
wall of a tomb that was built in the Korean kingdom of Koguryo, between 37 BC
and 66 AD. The drawing shows two unarmed figures facing each other in a
Taekwondo style stance. Additional drawings in the tomb show figures performing
blocks and wearing uniforms similar to those used in modern day Taekwondo
training.
The advancement of Taekwondo and its techniques developed as the country of
Korea developed. There are examples and history of Taekwondo training in
virtually all the records of the different kingdoms that existed within the country
throughout the centuries.
The highest form of the ancient art was achieved in the kingdom of Silla. This tiny
kingdom constantly faced attacks and opposition from larger and stronger areas.
As a result the ruler of the kingdom, King Jin Heung, established an elite group of
warriors called the “Hwarang” or “Flower of Youth”.
The Hwarang consisted of the sons of nobles within the kingdom. They were
carefully selected and formally trained in all aspects of military skills including
unarmed combat, which at the time was known as Tae Kyon. It is significant that
the Hwarang were taught not only the importance of developing their bodies, but
their minds and spirits as well. In addition to fighting techniques, the young
warriors were instructed in history, poetry, and philosophy. The entire body of
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study was known as Hwarang Do. The Hwarang gained skills not only for battle,
but for daily life. This relates directly to modern Taekwondo training, which
provides self defense skills as well as improved character, self-discipline, and
confidence that can be applied to any task.
Following the Silla dynasty came the Koryo dynasty (935 AD – 1352 AD) from
which Korea takes its name. Martial arts practice, known as Subak Do, became
popular as an organized sport with detailed rules. The royal family sponsored
competitions and demonstrations, and martial arts became deeply rooted in Korean
culture.
Taekwondo Rules and Regulations

Taekwondo is a Korean martial art and Olympic sport that was developed in
post World War 2 Korea by various martial artists but is usually attributed to
military general and martial artist Choi Hong Hi. Taekwondo is based on the native
Korean martial arts of Taekkyeon, Subak and Gwonbeop but also has significant
elements of other martial arts such as Japanese Karate and to a lesser extent
Chinese Kung Fu.
As a martial art, it is known as a style that focuses particularly on kicking, and

experienced practitioners can be seen performing various spectacular head height
and jumping kicks. There are various Taekwondo administration bodies but the
main two are the ITF (International Taekwondo Federation) and the WTF (World
Taekwondo Federation) but it is the latter that is the best known as it the WTF
form of Taekwondo that has been a major part of the Olympic Games since 1988.
Object of Taekwondo
In Taekwondo competition, the object is to land kicks and punches upon the
scoring zones of your opponent. These are the the torso and the head and both
kicks and punches must be accurate and powerful, as light tapping kicks are not
counted by scorers (or electronic scoring systems in major competitions). At the
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end of the three rounds of the match, the player with the most points is declared the
winner, but the match can end early by one player knocking the other player out.
All Taekwondo practitioners, whether competitors or not are at all times expected
to uphold the five tenets of Taekwondo. These are courtesy, integrity,
perseverance, self-control and indomitable spirit.

Gymnast ICS: University of Saint Anthony Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial City of Iriga

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UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY

DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL

RULES & REGULATIONS

 Know the skills you are performing.

Games employing shuttlecocks have been played for centuries

doubles, ladies' doubles, and mixed doubles, in 1899.[5] Singles competitions were

Rules and Regulations

Taekwondo Rules and Regulations

As a martial art, it is known as a style that focuses particularly on kicking, and

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