HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT I
PROJECT: AUDIO AMPLIFIER

Instructor : PhD. Nguyen Vu Thang

Group : 10
Members : Nguyen Cong Huynh – 20182957
Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen – 20176982
Vu Thanh Phuong – 20176993
Pham Anh Quan – 20176995

Hanoi, 11- 2020

Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………1

1. Abstract……………………………………………………………..........2
2. Specifications…………………………………………………………….2
2.1. Functional specifications…………………………………………2
2.2. Non-functional specifications…………………………………….3
3. Developing plan………………………………………………………….3
4. Block design……………………………………………………...……...4
5. Designing each block……………………………………………….……4
5.1. Power supply block………………………………………………4
5.2. Amplifying block…………………………………….…………..5
5.3. Theoretical analysis and simulation…………………………...…6
5.4. Compare between simulation result and theoretical analysis.…...8
6. Final product………………………………………………………....….8
6.1. BOM list…………………………………………………..……..8
6.2. Schematic of the amplifying circuit………………………..……9
6.3. PCB layout of the product……………………………….……..10
6.4. Final product……………………………………………...……10
6.5. Testing………………………………………………….…...….11
7. Discussion……………………………………………………….…….11
8. Future plan…………………………………………………….………11
CONCLUSION………………………………………………….…….……12
REFERENCES…………………………………………………….….…….13

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List of Tables
Table 2-1: Non - functional Specification of Audio Amplifier

Table 3-1: Task Table

Table 5-1: Simulation result

Table 5-2: Comparison between Simulation and Theoretical Analysis

Table 5-2: Bill of materials

List of Figures

Figure 4-1: Block Diagram of Audio Amplifier

Figure 5-1: Power Supply

Figure 5-2: Amplifying circuit schematic

Figure 5-3: Amplifying circuit simulation

Figure 6-1: Schematic of Amplifying Circuit

Figure 6-2: PCB Layout of Amplifying Circuit (2D)

Figure 6-3: PCB Layout of Amplifying Circuit (3D)

Figure 6-4: Final product

Figure 6-5: Test result in oscilloscope

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our modern era is the age of technology advancement with new discoveries or critical
breakthroughs recorded daily in many fields of subjects. Although this is a great sign of
development, it also poses a challenge for students: to learn at a faster pace and keep their
study up-to-date more regularly in comparison to the past.

Our group would like to express our most gratitude to Dr. Nguyen Vu Thang for assisting
our team to overcome many problems along the way. If it had not been for her help and
favorable conditions, we would not have been able finish this project.

Even though each and every member of our group gave their best, our ability and
knowledge about the matter is limited. In addition, most members of our group neither not
familiar with nor having much experience with this kind of project; hence, errors in design
and content are unavoidable. Therefore, we are looking forward to your guidance and
additional suggestion to improve this project.

Once again, we would like to express our most sincere appreciation for all the help we
received!

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1 Abstract
Today, along with the development of our country, the electronics and
telecommunications industry has made great strides and has a great influence on many
individuals in many fields and activities. In particular, the use of audio amplifier circuit is a
widely used and flexible application.
It can be said that the audio amplifier circuit is one of the products that create the
foundation for the development of electronic products for human entertainment. It can be
said that the audio amplifier circuit is one of the products that create the foundation for the
development of electronic products for human entertainment. The circuit has extremely wide
applications in the burgeoning audiovisual industry. Currently, the audio amplifier circuit is
very popular in the market, but the power amplifier floor is designed using BJT (FET)
capacity (amplifier circuit OTL, OLC, BCL ...) or IC operational amplifier (TDA, LM, TL,
etc.). They are simple and basic circuits, from which more features of circuits were
developed
The TDA7294 is highly appreciated for sound quality and power. TDA7294 however is
designed quite intricately and the price is also quite high. In this project, we only choose to
use TDA2030 for the circuit. It requires very low external components to act as an amplifier
and it can also deliver high current output. By implementing this TDA2030 IC in a low
power audio amplifier (P=6W), we can build a low and crossover distortion amplifier.
TDA2030 has many advantages such as low cost, simple design and widely used in amplifier
circuits, the quality is also very guaranteed.

2 Specifications
2.1 Functional Specifications
An audio amplifier consists of two main parts: amplifying circuit and power supply.

The power supply will be supplied by the 220V, 50Hz AC voltage (household
electricity). It, then, transforms that AC voltage into 15V DC voltage (double source, using
two adapters) to supply the amplifying circuit.

The amplifying circuit receives a signal from a mobile phone, or a computer through a
jack. The signal, then, travels through several amplifying stages in the circuit and is
amplified. After that, the output signal is delivered to a speaker and transmitted.

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 2.2 Non–functional Specifications
Table 2-1: Non - functional Specification of Audio Amplifier
Criteria Expected Value
Working Temperature 00C – 500C
Humidity 20% - 100%
Power Supply 220V, 50Hz AC
Hearing Distance 8-10 m
Power consumption >6W (project requirement)
Frequency range 10-100k Hz (project requirement)
Voltage Gain 30-50
Size 8 x 10 cm
Cost <250.000 VND

3 Developing plan
Table 3-1: Task Table
Phase Assignment
1 Designing block
diagram, theoretical
analysis for any
parameters
2 Design schematic
circuit and simulation
3 Design Printed circuit
4 Selecting and buying
electronics
components
5 Assembling circuit
6 Testing circuit
Works Member
Build a general diagram to Huynh, Huyen
make an overview about the
circuit.
Research and design Huynh, Quan
schematic circuit and
simulation by Proteus
software, compare with the
hand calculation result.
Using Altium software to Huynh
design PCB
Depend on PCB and actual Phuong
condition market to select
suitable electronics
components
Depend on schematic to Quan, Phuong
build an actual circuit on
white board.
Checking components Quan, Huyen
working and line of circuit.

7 Completing product Make PCB, soldering All members

components on copper plate.
8 Writing report Demonstrating function and Phuong, Huyen
process to make a complete
product

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4 Block Design
The next phase of our project is to design the product. Before working on the detail, a
structure of the project is required. To represent the structure of the circuit, it is easiest to
use a block diagram.

Figure 4-1: Block Diagram of Audio Amplifier

As it is showed in Figure 4-1 above, an audio amplifier consists of two main blocks: a
power supply and an amplifying circuit.

The input of the power supply is household electricity (220V, 50Hz AC) and the output
is 15V DC. This output DC current will provide power for the amplifying circuit.
Meanwhile, the amplifying circuit will consist of 3 sub-parts: differential amplifier, voltage
amplifier and output amplifier. The structure of these three sub-parts will be investigated
further in the next part (Designing each block).

The input of the amplifying circuit is a signal coming from a microphone (voice, song,
etc.), and the output will be an amplified signal which is delivered to a speaker.

5 Designing each block

5.1 Power supply block

Power Supply is what provides power for the amplifying circuit to work. The
requirement of this project is to make a circuit providing ±15V DC to the amplifier, which
is the output voltage of the power supply.

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 To build a source block to
transform AC to DC voltage, concretely
to convert civil electrical 220V to
±15V DC, we used 2 adapters 15V with
input is 220V AC get in 2 plug of 2
adapter and outputs are 3 gates: +15V,
Ground, -15V.

Figure 5-1: Power Supply

5.2 Amplifying Block

Figure 5-2: Amplifying circuit schematic

This is a power amplifier circuit which uses IC TDA2030. The input signal of the circuit
through pin 1 (non-inverting input) of the IC is compared with the output feedback signal and
sent outside of pin 4. This signal is amplified and then sent to the speaker.

The voltage supplied to the amplifier circuit is taken from the symmetric source 15V DC
as above, then input pin 3 for the negative source and pin 5 for the positive source.

The operation amplifier circuits have the same internal structure that includes 3 stages:

- The input amplifier stage produces low noise gain, high input impedance. The output
often is differential.

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- The voltage amplifier stage produces large voltage gain, unipolar frequency attenuation,
and usually has single output.
- Amplifier output stage produces large current load capacity, low output impedance,
limited current, and short circuit protection.
- Negative feedback helps the circuit operate stably and reduce noise
The input signal is passed through filter capacitor C1 to avoid the influence of the DC
current between the amplifier stages, then sent to the non-inverting input of the IC. The
presence of R1 will prevent the input signal from inverting.
Another part of the signal returns to pin 2 of the IC which performs negative feedback
to stabilize the circuit and gain. R4, C2 will balance the voltage, at the same time perform
noise cancellation and receive feedback from pin 4 through R3. The circuit's gain is
determined by the formula: 1 + R3/ R4.
C3, C5, C4, C6 used for source filter. Two diodes D1, D2 protect the device in the circuit
from reverse current to avoid interference and ensure the stability of the source.
However, here must have R2, C7 (Zobel network) coordinate impedance to the speaker,
to ensure stability at high frequencies (the power of R2 must be large because the signal is
very large in terms of current and voltage in order to avoid the resistor burns while
operating).

5.3 Theoretical Analysis and Simulation

5.3.1 Theoretical analysis
Given Vin = 0.2 - 0.3V (Frequency: 100 - 10000Hz); Rload = 4 ; P > 6W
For non-inverting input:
Vout 𝑅3 24000
Vin
= 𝑅4 + 1 = 620
+ 1 = 39.7; Vout = 39.7 x Vin = 7.94 – 11.91 V
Vout (Vout)2
Vrms = = 5.61 – 8.43; P= = 7.88 − 17.73 W (greater than 6W)
√2 2R

Also, if P > 6W, Vout should greater than 6.93V (Rload = 4 )

And Vrms > 4.9V

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 5.3.2 Simulation: test in Proteus

Figure 5-3: Amplifying circuit simulation

We test in a number of frequencies (100, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000 Hz) and 3 input
signal amplitude: 200mV, 250mV, 300mV

Table 5-1: Simulation result

Frequency 100 Hz 500 Hz

Vin (mV) 200 250 300 200 250 300
Vout (rms) (V) 5.59 6.99 8.39 5.61 7.01 8.42
Frequency 1000 Hz 2000 Hz
Vin (mV) 200 250 300 200 250 300
Vout (rms) (V) 5.61 7.01 8.41 5.61 7 8.40
Frequency 5000 Hz 10000 Hz
Vin (mV) 200 250 300 200 250 300
Vout (rms) (V) 5.53 6.91 8.29 5.28 6.56 7.79

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 5.4 Comparison between Simulation Result and Theoretical Analysis

Table 5-2: Comparison between Simulation and Theoretical Analysis

Frequency 100 Hz 500 Hz
Vin (mV) 200 250 300 200 250 300
Vout (rms) (V) 5.59 6.99 8.39 5.61 7.01 8.42
Han.Cal 5.61 7.02 8.43 5.61 7.02 8.43
Frequency 1000 Hz 2000 Hz
Vin (mV) 200 250 300 200 250 300
Vout (rms) (V) 5.61 7.01 8.41 5.61 7 8.40
Han.Cal 5.61 7.02 8.43 5.61 7.02 8.43
Frequency 5000 Hz 10000 Hz
Vin (mV) 200 250 300 200 250 300
Vout (rms) (V) 5.53 6.91 8.29 5.28 6.56 7.79
Han.Cal 5.61 7.02 8.43 5.61 7.02 8.43

Comment: It can be seen that the gain derived from hand calculation is slightly different
from the simulated result. However, this difference is not remarkable.

6 Final Product
6.1 BOM list
Table 5-2: Bill of materials

Order Name of electronic components Price (VNĐ) Quantity

1 PCB 65000 1
2 Voltage source (2 adapters) 80000 2
3 IC TDA 2030 6500 1
4 Aluminum heatsink IC 3000 1
5 Resistor 100 3
6 5W Power Resistor 1000 1

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Order Name of electronic components Price (VNĐ) Quantity
7 Loudspeaker 40000 1
8 Ceramic capacitors 224, 104 100 3
9 Electrolytic capacitor 1000 4
10 Header 2 1000 2
11 Header 3 1000 1
12 Wire 5000 1
13 High quality jack 3.5 5000 1
14 DC in 500 2
15 Soldering tin and welding tools free 1

6.2 Schematic of the amplifying circuit

Figure 6-1: Schematic of Amplifying Circuit

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6.3 PCB Layout of the product

Figure 6-2: PCB Layout of Amplifying Circuit (2D)

Figure 6-3: PCB Layout of Amplifying Circuit (3D)

6.4 Final product

Figure 6-4: Final product

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 6.5 Testing
With final product, we used
oscilloscope to measure amplitude
of output voltage. Input voltage
source 220V AC and 300Hz
signal. On oscilloscope screen,
there is sine signal with amplitude
about 7.5-8V. The Speaker has
Rload= 4 Ohm. Therefore, we make
sure this audio amplifier can work Figure 6-5: Test result in oscilloscope
at 6W power.

7 Discussion
The project satisfies almost all specifications which have been listed previously.

For the working condition which is listed, all the components used in this project can
work properly in the temperature range from 00C to 1500C and humidity from 20% to 100%
(For further details, please take a look at the datasheets of the components).

It is showed that both the voltage gain and the power exceed the main target of the
project. To be specific, simulation show that the voltage gain is around 40, which is also the
target, while the power varies around 7 and 10, compared with 6W of the target. The devices
can also work with any frequencies from 100 Hz to 10000 Hz.

The cost of making an actual circuit is around 210.000 VND, which also satisfies the
specification. However, the IC is so hot (the temperature range is from -40oC to 150oC). We
need a bigger heatsink for the stability of the circuit.

8 Future plan
Depending on the level and demand of use, we decide to use a suitable IC. For example, a
small scale such as an individual or a family, perhaps the TDA2003 has met the entertainment
needs while on a larger scale, the TDA7294 will meet many requirements strict as introduced
at the beginning.

However, with higher requirements, we can develop designs of an equalizer (bass, treble).
To design an equalizer circuit, we can use IC TL082 which is also an IC operational amplifier.
It changes the input of the sound, so the output will be good quality sound which is suitable for
each person's headset.

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 CONCLUSION
Although the project seems to fulfill the aims in the specifications, it still needs to be
improved further. In the process of making the products, our group has met some difficulties,
which prevent us from successfully completing the circuit. One of those is the power source,
which cannot work properly. In the future, our group will find another method to simulate
the power supply circuit and complete the product.

Beside the difficulties, our group has achieved many successes in the process of making an
audio amplifier. The most important one is to broaden our knowledge in the field of
electronics, especially in ICs and its applications. Moreover, our team members have
chances to improve our skills in using software to work on the project. Some of software
such as Altium, Proteus, Multisim…will play an important role in our future careers. Finally,
teamwork, communication, and problem solving are skills which have been sharpened
during the working process.

In conclusion, we would love to send our appreciation to Dr. Nguyen Vu Thang for guiding
and helping us whenever needed in this semester. Our project may not be as good as
expectation, but we promise other projects will show a better result in the future.

Group 10

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 REFERENCE
[1] Fleddermann, Charles and Bradshaw, Martin. Engineering Design. In Introduction to
Electrical and Computer Engineering, 99-103. Pearson Education, 2003

[2] Robert L.Boylestad. Louis Nashelsky. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10 th
edition

[3] Dr. Nguyen Vu Thang lectures and presentation

[4] Texas Instrument Inc., Application and Implementation. In TDA2030 14W Hi-Fi Audio
Amplifier Datasheet (Revised Nov., 2020).

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