Module Overview:

Course: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Learning Objectives:
 Evaluate primary sources for their credibility, authenticity and provenance.
 Analyze the context, content and perspective of different kinds of primary sources.
 Determine the contribution of different kinds of primary sources in understanding Philippine
history.
 Develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.
 Demonstrate the ability to use primary sources to argue in favor or against a particular issue.
 Effectively communicate, using various techniques and genres, their historical analysis of a
particular event or issue that could help others understand the chosen topic.
 Propose recommendations/ solutions to present- day problems based on their understanding of
root causes and their anticipation of future scenarios.
 Display the ability to work in a team and contribute to a group project.
 Manifest interest in local history and concern in promoting and preserving our country’s national
and cultural heritage.

Module Name: Module Code: Modular Objective: Assessment for this

Introduction to History GED 102- Module  Understand the Module:
2 meaning of history as Review Questions
(August 31- an academic discipline
September 5, 2020) Quiz
and to be familiar with
the underlying Assignment:
philosophy and Review on the
methodology of the following:
discipline. 1. Definition and
 Apply the knowledge Etymology of
in historical History
2. Elements of
methodology and
History
philosophy in 3. History as a
assessing and Social Science
analyzing existing and Its Relation
historical narratives. to Other Fields
 Examine and assess of Discipline
critically the value of 4. Sources of
Historical Data
historical evidences
and sources.
 Appreciate the
importance of history
in the social and
national life of the
Philippines.

Knowledge to be Presented: Skills to be Gained:

 Conceptual  Distinguish the differences between primary and
 Factual secondary sources in studying history
 Procedural  Identify the different historical method implored in
writing history (External and Internal Criticism)
 Appreciate the importance of studying history in
our daily lives
 Analyze the different challenges in studying
history
Method Description: Interactivity: (exercise, discussion, group work, etc.)
 Time Run: 3 hours  Group Activity: None
 Methodologies:  Open Forum (Question and Answer after
1. Online Lecture via Google Discussion)
Meet, Zoom and/or Youtube
Live Streaming
2. Cooperative Discussion
3. Post Discussion Readings/
Activity
4. Assessment
Presentation Flow: Questions I1 and 2
 Presentation:
1. Preliminary activity –
A. Watch and understand the video and be 1. What are the differences
prepared for the discussion. between Primary and
Secondary Sources?
What is history for?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLE- Primary sources are those
5ElGlPM sources produced at the same
time as the event, period, or
B. Introductory Discussion subject being studied. It
contains original information
2. Lecture that is not derived from
Topic Content: interpretation, summarizing or
analyzing someone else’s
1. INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY work. Furthermore, they are
1.5. Distinction of Primary and first-hand and not interpreted
by anyone else, they offer a
Secondary Sources
personal point of view, and are
1.6. Historical Method (External and created by a witnesses of, or
Internal Criticism) participants in, an event.
1.7. Importance of Studying History Examples of these are diaries,
1.8. Challenges in Studying History letters and official records.
Reference:
On the other hand, secondary
Candelaria, J.L. et. al. (2018) Readings in sources are those sources,
Philippine History. Rex Book Store. Manila. which were produced by an
(Pages 1-12) author who used primary
sources to produce the
material. In other words,
3. Assessment secondary sources are
Quiz: (Quiz Will be given on Google historical sources, which
Classroom) studied a certain historical
subject. Examples are
Assignment: biography of a famous person
Review Questions; Answer the following or a documentary about a
questions comprehensively. Plagiarism historic event, book that
will be checked. provides an introduction to a
theorist’s work or critiques; or
Comparative analysis on primary an article that reviews
and secondary sources research in a particular area
Objective: To be able to know how and provides a summary of the
key findings.
to evaluate primary sources for their
credibility, authenticity and provenance.
Instruction: Students will write a comparative 2. What are the different
analysis of primary and secondary sources. historical methods can be
used to understand history?
History and historiography are
two different things. History is
Questions I3
3. What is the
importance of
studying History?
In 1998, an article
entitled "Why Study
History?", Peter Stearns
made the following
observations:
“People live in the
present. They plan for
and worry about the
future. History,
however, is the study of
the past. Given all the
demands that press in
from living in the
present and anticipating
what is yet to come, why
bother with what has
been? Given all the
desirable and available
branches of knowledge,
why insist—as most
American [and, in this
case, British]
educational programs
do—on a good bit of
history? And why urge
many students to study
even more history than
they are required to?”
He also added the
following importances of
history:
1. History helps us
understand people
and societies.
2. History helps us
understand change
and how the society
we live in came to be.
3. History contributes
to moral
understanding.
 Scoring Rubric: a discipline that focuses on 4. History provides
Content/Relevance – 12 studying the past; while identity.
Structure/Form - 8 historiography or historical 5. Studying history is
method is the history itself. essential for good
Syntax - 5
citizenship
Clarity of Ideas - 5 To make it clearer,
_____________________ historiography lets the Whilst, according to
Total: 30 students have a better Pallavi Talekau, Dr.
understanding of history. They Jyotrimayee Nayak and
4. Additional Readings/ Activity do not only get to learn Dr.S.Harichandan, the
historical facts, but they are following are the other
Watch the online video and make a reaction also provided with the importance/values of
paper to be submitted in our google understanding of the facts’ and history:
classroom. historians’ contexts. The
methods employed by the  Disciplinary
What is History? Greg Jenner historian and the theory and value
perspective, which guided him,  Informative
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dauxQKy
will also, be analyzed.
IN4M value
Essentially, historiography  Cultural and
comprises the techniques and social values
guidelines by which historians  Political values
use primary sources and other  Nationalistic
evidence to research and then
value
to write histories in the form of
accounts of the past. The  Internationalistic
question of the nature, and value
even the possibility, of a sound  Educational
historical method is raised. value
 Intellectual
The following are some
procedures for people who valuee
wanted to employ  Ethical value
historiography, as proposed by  Vocational value
Bernheim (1889) and Langlois
& Seignobos (1898):
a. If the sources all agree
about an event; historians
consider the event proved.
b. However, majority does no
rule; even if most sources
relate events in one way, that
version will not prevail unless it
passes the test of critical
textual analysis.
c. The source whose account
can be confirmed by reference
to outside authorities in some
of its parts can be trusted in its
entirety if it is impossible
similarly to confirm the entire
text.
d. When two sources disagree
on a particular point, the
historian will prefer the source
with most “authority”-that is the
source created by the
eyewitness.
e. Eyewitnesses are, in
general, to be preferred
especially in circumstances
where the ordinary observer
could have accurately reported
what transpired and, more
specifically, when they deal
facts known by most
contemporaries.
f. If two independently created
sources agree on a matter, the
reliability of each is
measurably enhanced.
g. when two sources disagree
and there is no other means of
evaluation, then historians
take the source which seems
to accord best with common
sense.

Aside from these procedures,

historiography also involves
the employment of internal and
external criticisms. External
criticism is the practice of
verifying the authenticity of
evidence by examining its
physical characteristics;
consistency with the historical
characteristic of the time when
it was produced; and the
materials used for the
evidence. Examples of the
things that will be examined
when conducting external
criticism of a document include
the quality of the paper, the
type of ink and the language
and words used in the
material, among others.

Internal criticism, on the

other hand, is the examination
of the truthfulness of the
evidence. It looks at the
content of the source and
examines the circumstance of
its production.

Other methods also used are

as follows:
a. Positivism – emphasizes
the mantra “no document, no
history”, where historian were
required to show written
primary documents in order to
write a particular historical
narrative.
b. Postcolonialism -
emerged in the twentieth
century when formerly
colonized nations grappled
with the idea of creating their
identities and understanding
their societies against the
shadows of their colonial past.
 c. Annales School of
Thought – challenged the
canons of history, stating that
history should not only be
concerned of states and
monarchs.
d. Pantayong pananaw (for
us-from us perspective) –
highlights the importance of
facilitating an internal
conversation and discourse
among Filipinos about our own
history, using the language
that is understood by
everyone.
Key Messaging:
 In writing and understanding history, students must be familiar with two sources: the primary and
secondary sources
 Primary sources are those sources produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject
being studied. It contains original information that is not derived from interpretation, summarizing
or analyzing someone else’s work.
 Secondary sources are those sources, which were produced by an author who used primary
sources to produce the material. In other words, secondary sources are historical sources, which
studied a certain historical subject.
 History is a discipline that focuses on studying the past; while historiography or historical method
is the history itself.
 External criticism is the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical
characteristics; consistency with the historical characteristic of the time when it was produced; and
the materials used for the evidence.
 Internal criticism, on the other hand, is the examination of the truthfulness of the evidence. It
looks at the content of the source and examines the circumstance of its production.
 The following are the other importance/values of history:

 Disciplinary value
 Informative value
 Cultural and social values
 Political values
 Nationalistic value
 Internationalistic value
 Educational value
 Intellectual valuee
 Ethical value
 Vocational value

Technology and Programming Notes: Facilitator Support Materials:

 Virtual Classroom (Google Online Links

Classroom and google Meet)
 Ensure strong internet connectivity
 Enable screen sharing for facilitator
and for participants
 Showing offline/ online videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLE-5ElGlPM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dauxQKyIN4M
Reference Material:
Candelaria, J.L. et. al. (2018) Readings in Philippine
History. Rex Book Store. Manila. (Pages 1-12)
Facilitator’s Guide:
Time Content Activity Materials
Method
30 Preliminary Activity AVP Internet
minutes What is history for?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLE-5ElGlPM Online Laptop,
Reflection Mobile Phone
or Tablet

2 hrs. Lecture Proper

1. INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY Online Internet

1.5. Distinction of Primary and Discussion
Secondary Sources Laptop,
Cooperative Mobile Phone
1.6. Historical Method (External and
Discussion or Tablet
Internal Criticism)
1.7. Importance of Studying History Sharing Module 2
1.8. Challenges in Studying History
Pen and
Reference: Paper
Candelaria, J.L. et. al. (2018) Readings in Philippine History.
Rex Book Store. Manila. (Pages 1-12)
30
minutes Assessment Quiz Internet
Quiz: Quiz Will be given on Google Classroom
Assignment Laptop,
Assignment: Mobile Phone
Additional or Tablet
Comparative analysis on primary and secondary sources Readings/
Objective: To be able to know how to evaluate primary Online Module 2
sources for their credibility, authenticity and provenance. Video
Instruction: Students will write a comparative analysis of Pen and
primary and secondary sources. Paper
Scoring Rubric:
Content/Relevance – 12
Structure/Form - 8
Syntax - 5
Clarity of Ideas - 5
_____________________
Total: 30

Additional Readings

What is History? Greg Jenner

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dauxQKyIN4M

TOTAL
HOURS:

3 Hrs.

pcv071020

PREPARED BY:

MR. MICHAEL S. BAUTISTA

Professor