KWL Chart

K W L
(WHAT I KNOW) (WHAT I WANT TO KNOW) (WHAT I LEARNED)
Music of Latin America
• The term Latin American as used here
encompasses the Americas south of the
United States, as well as the entire
Caribbean.
 Music of Latin America is the product of three
major influences- Indigenous, Spanish-
Portuguese, and African
Indigenous Latin-American Music
Natives were found to be using local drum and
percussion instruments such as the guiro, maracas,
and turtle shells, and wind instruments such as
zampona ( pan pipes) and quena (notched-end flutes).
Musical Instruments of Latin America

Zampona Guiro Maracas

Music of Latin America is the product of three
major influences- Indigenous, Spanish-
Portuguese, and African
Materials came from hollow tree trunks, animal skins,
fruit shells, dry seeds, jaguar claws, animal and human
bones and especially-treated inflated eyes of tigers.
The indigenous music of Latin America was largely
functional in nature, being used for religious worship
and ceremonies
  Afro-Latin American music
African influence on Latin American
music is most pronounced in its rich and
varied rhythmic patterns produced by the
drums and various percussion
instruments.
Euro-Latin American

Melodies of the Renaissance period were

used in Southern Chile and the Colombian
Pacific coasts.
Step-wise melodies were preferred in the
heavily Hispanic and Moorish-influenced areas
of Venezuela and Colombia
Popular Latin American Music
Some of these popular music forms are tango,
bossanova, samba, son and salsa.
A. Samba- dance form of African origins around
1838 which evolved into an African-Brazilian
invention in the working class and slum districts
of Rio de Janeiro.
Popular Latin American Music
 “Batucada” the most adventurous kind
of samba
B. Son- Fusion of the popular music or
“canciones” of Spain and the African rumba
rhythms of Bantu origin. Originating in
Cuba, it is usually played with the tres
(guitar), contrabass, bongos, maracas, and
claves.
Popular Latin American Music

C. Salsa- Social dance with marked

influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico. Its
style contains elements from the swing
dance and hustle as well as the complex
Afro-Cuban and Afro- Carribean dance
forms of pachanga and guaguanco.
 Popular Latin American Music

Vocal and Dance Forms

1. Cumbia- originated in Panama, popular
courtship dance
2. Tango- African origin meaning “African
Dance”/from the Spanish word “Taner” meaning to
play. Foremost Argentinian and Uruguayan urban
popular song and dance.
Popular Latin American Music
• 3. Cha cha- Derived from mambo and its
characteristic rhythm.
• 4. Rumba- recreational dance of Afro-Cuban
origin, normally used as a ballroom dance
where a solo dancer or couple would be in an
embrace though slightly apart.
 Popular Latin American Music
• 5. Bossa Nova- originated in 1958 as a
movement effecting a radical change in the
classic Cuban samba. The word “bossa”
means either ‘trend’ or ‘something charming,
integrating melody, harmony, and rhythm into a
“swaying” feel, where the vocal production is
often nasal.
• 7. Foxtrot- Gave rise to other dances such as
the black bottom, Charleston and shimmy.
• 8. Paso Doble- “double step” is a theatrical
Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in
bullfights. The dance is arrogant and dignified
with a duple meter, march-like character.
 Music of Africa
• Historical and Cultural Background of African Music
Singing, dancing, hand clapping, and the beating of
drums are essential to many ceremonies : birth, death,
initiation, marriage and funerals.
Important to religious expression and political events.
It has great influences on global music ( contemporary
American, Latin American, and European styles)
 Traditional Music of Africa

• Apala
Musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal
style to wake up the worshippers after fasting
during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.
Instrumentation includes the rattle(sekere),
thumb piano (agidigbo), bell ( agogo) and two or
three talking drums.
Traditional Music of Africa
• Axe
Popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia and
Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Carribean styles of the
marcha, reggae and calypso.
• Jit
Hard and fast Zimbabwean dance music played
on drums with guitar accompaniment.
Traditional Music of Africa
• Jive- Lively and uninhibited variation of jitterbug
• Juju
Popular style from Nigeria that relies on the
traditional Yoruba rhythms.
• Kwassa Kwassa
Shake your booty dance style begun in Zaire in the
late 80’s.
 Music of Africa
• Marabi
Characterized by simple chords in varying
vamping patterns and repetitive harmony over an
extended period of time to allow the dances more
time on the dance floor.
• Reggae- Jamaican sound dominated by bass and
guitar chops associated with Rastsafarian religion.
 Music of Africa
• Salsa- Afro-Cuban music.
• Samba- Typifies most Brazilian music
• Soca- Modern Trinidadian and Tobago
pop music combining “soul” and “calypso”
music.
 Music of Africa
• Were- Muslim music performed often as a
wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers
during Ramadan celebration.
• Zouk- Fast, carnival-like rhythmic music from
the Creole slang word for “party” Originating in
the Carribean Islands of Guadalupe and
Martinique.
 Vocal Forms of African Music
• 1. Maracatu
Surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco,
combining the strong rhythms of African
percussion instruments with Portugese melodies.
It uses mostly percussion instruments such as the
alfaia, tarol, and caixa-de-Guerra, gongue,
agbe, and miniero.
 Vocal Forms of African Music
2. Blues
Musical form of the late 19th century that
has had deep roots in African-American
communities ( “Deep South” of the United
States). Slaves used to sing as they
worked in the cotton and vegetable fields.
 Vocal Forms of African Music
The form of the blues is characterized
by specific chord progression. The
twelve-bar blues is the most common
form. The notes of the blues are
normally flattened or gradually bent.
Vocal Forms of African Music
• 3. Soul
It combines elements of African-American
gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often
jazz. The catchy rhythms are accompanied
by handclaps and extemporaneous body
moves which are among its important
features.
Vocal Forms of African Music
Other characteristics include call
and response between soloist and
the chorus, and an especially tense
and powerful vocal sound.
 Assignment
What is Jazz music?
What are the different types of Jazz?