THE SIX-STEP MODEL OF

HYPOTHESIS TESTING
GQUANTT/QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
DENNIS G. CABALLES, LPT, PhD

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Objectives:

At the end of the session, the learners must be

able to:

•Give examples of alternative and null hypotheses related

to hotel, tourism and hospitality management research;
•Apply statistical procedures in data analysis;
•Differentiate parametric from nonparametric tests; and
•Use appropriate statistical test based on the
characteristics of data and underlying assumptions.

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 Step #1: Stating the null
hypothesis (Ho) and its
alternative hypothesis
(H1)

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Examples of Hypothesis:

1. Boys are better than girls in manipulative

skills.
2. There is a significant correlation between
interest in science and the career choice of
high school graduates in science.
3. Method A is more effective in developing
the higher order thinking skills of the
learners than Method B.

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4. Girls are better than boys in taking
down notes.

5. Students from school A performs

significantly better in Mathematics
and English than those from school
B.

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 In each case, the
hypothesis is tested on
the basis of the
evidence contained in
the sample.

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 Step #2: Choosing a
statistical test

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 Correlation Matrix
(Bivariate)

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 PARAMETRIC STATISTICS
VS
NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICAL TOOLS

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 Criteria Parametric Nonparametric

Sample size at least 30 less than 30

Distribution normal not normal

Variances equal variances equal variances not

assumed assumed

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 Step #3: Selecting the level of
significance and the sample
size (n)

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Copyright © 2020 De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde. All rights reserved.
Two ways of making an incorrect
decision in hypothesis testing:
Type I error (false positive error) –
rejecting the null hypothesis that is true.
(an innocent person is convicted)

Type II error (false negative error) –

accepting null hypothesis that is false.
(a guilty person is not convicted)

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 Step #4: Selecting the
sampling distribution
and establishing the
critical region

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 Step 5: Collecting data
and computing the
statistical test

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 Step #6: Making a
decision

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 References:
Any statistics books

Suggested References:
Mendenhall, W., Reinmuth, J. E. and Beaver, R. J.
Statistics for Management and Economics, Duxbury
Press, Belmont, CA.
Siegel, S. (1956). Nonparametric Statistics, McGraw-Hill,
New York.
Shapiro, S. S. and Wilk, M. B. (1965). "An analysis of
variance test for normality (complete samples)",
Biometrika, 52, 3 and 4, pages 591-611.

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