YELLOW FEVER

INTRODUCTION

 Yellow fever is an acute viral disease transmitted by infection mosquitoes.

The yellow in the name denotes the jaundice that affected same patient .
Worldwide there are about 200000 cases of yellow fever with 30000 death
every year and 90%occurs in African(WHO)
DEFINITION

 Yellow fever is a serious potentially deadly flv like disease spread by

mosquitoes. It‘s characterized by a hight fever and jaundice. Jaundice is
yellowing of the skin and eyes, which is why this disease is called yellow
fever.
CAUSATIVE AGENT

 Flaviviral fibricus a member of togavirus family couses yellow fever.

 The reservoir of infection- forest -monkeys ,forest mosquitoes and man in
urban area.
 Man is Infectious during first 3tofouth day of illness.
HOST FACTOR

 In absence of immunity both sexes are affected.

 Hunter, woodcutters and workers of the foreest
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR

 Population mobility
 Urbanization
 Favorable temperature of 24°C for the multiplication of virus in the
mosquitos.
TRANSMISSION

 Mosquito the primary vector carries of the virus from one host to another,
primarily between monkey s, from monkeys to human, and from person to
person
 There are different species of the Aeres and Haemogogus mosquitoes transmit
the virus
INCUBATION PERIOD

 The incubation period for yellow fever is 3-6days.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION

The “acute”, phase

The main symptoms are fever, shivering, muscle pain and backache, headache,
loss of appetite, and nausea or vomiting. In most cases symptoms gets vanished
within 3to4days and condition improve. Around 15% of patients face the toxic
phasebwithin 24hours of the initial remission.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Vaccination
•A single dosevof live, attenuarted vaccine 0.5ml is given subcutaneously at the
site of insertion of deltioid muscle
• The vaccin must be reconstituted immediately before use with the sterile
diluent provided(sodium chloride Injection)
• The vaccin needs to be administered within 1hour of reconstitution. Once
reconstituted, a multi dose vial should be maintain at 35°F-46°F(2°C-8°C), and
the remaining doese should be used or discarded within 1hour.
• International Health Regulations (IHRs) require revaccination at intervals
of 10year to boots anitibody
PROTECTIVE MEASURES FOR TRAVELERS

 Traveler must have valide vaccination certificate before entering in to yellow

fever receptive area. If no proof travellers must be placed on quarantine for
6day in a mosquito proof ward before leaving an infected area
 In addition travellers are recommended to use insect repellent, wearing
permethrin-impregnated clothing, and staying in screened or airconditioned
room.