Republic of the Philippines

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University

Mid La Union Campus
City of San Fernando 2500 La Union Philippines
Telafax: 0727004516 http://www.dmmmsu.edu.ph/gs

MODULE 1
LESSON 1: Definition and Delineation of the Local Government
LESSON 2: Evolution of Local Government
LESSON 3: Principles of Local Autonomy General Attributes of
Local Government
LESSON 4: General Attributes of Local Government

In Partial Fulfillment of Requirement in

PSEC 102 - LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES

By:
MOISES, jocelyn D.
BA Political Science 3A

Presented to:
Mrs. Dulce Rodriguez
 LESSON 1: Definition and Delineation of the Local Government

ACTIVITY 1

1. Knowing that the San Fernando, La Union is a municipal corporation and became a
city in the year 1998. Look at the different issues and challenges faced by San
Fernando, La Union considering the compliance of all the requisites that make a
municipal corporation. Write your findings and its solution. (20 points)
2. If you were given the chance to convert a municipality to a city, what municipality
do you prefer and why? Make a research about the municipality (40 points)

1. The challenge of Urbanization, City of San Fernando is known the fist class of
municipalities of the province of La union from the most populated municipality. It is
also known as one of the most conscious about the environment specially being titled as
the clean and a green city. However, the environmental issues increasing solid waste
that possibly led to overflowing water from the manhole. For instance, here in barangay
of San Francisco it is not having not enough drainage system, but it’s about people who
has natured of throwing their trash to every drainage they passed (honestly I do the
same thing when a place is inadequate of trash bins and bags to carry my waste).
Moreover, in barangay of San Augustin lots of family live from a “kubo-kubo” something
like made with bamboo and galvanized iron for their frames and roof, kids approximate
around fifty of them rooming around and their parents who haven’t have a permanent
job, a inadequacy of social recourses.

Thusly, the government conduct, reform, and advocate new development strategies
where people from the province benefited for the development which are: (I) improve
drainage (II) improvement of national government Assistance (III) People Participation
(IV) City Initiative (V) and external Assistances. For the Barangay, they conduct programs
as a form of the citizen to inform the participation of the development with the help of
Barangay officials.

2. Municipality of Talibon Bohol

It is the fist class of municipality of the province of Bohol with the estimated population of
71,272 people with 25 Barangays an area of 54.23/sq mi. The municipality of Talibon has the capacity to
trade with their production of rice, thing that can be maid of fishing, culture stuff and other products
that made by minerals shipped into the main trade production of Cebu and Illigan even in abroad where
known for cement production and mineral processing. So there I assumed that the municipality of
Talibon Bohol can be a City since it has many thing to offer and open for the job hunters like student
who like to work specially during this pandemic and school and universities are conducting online case
or learning. Extra time for student can find a job even just for the easiest work to have an extra money
for their needs.

A municipality need some over 100 thousand population and income for million rates and a
thousand square meters, however I believe becoming a city means opining some opportunities to
modernize every municipalities to give more chances to develop their places.

Think 1.1
What do you mean when we say the local government is a political subdivision? As
territorial subdivision? (10 points)
Think 1.2 Differentiate the local government exercising its public or governmental
capacity from a local government exercising its private or corporate capacity? Give at
least 5 examples for each capacity. (20 points)

Think 1.1
Local government is formed as Political subdivision wherein they handled cities, may
it be big or small town, villages and Barangays to govern. It is also known as a self-
govern where a mayor is the main leader who wrote and advocate rules, develop, and
the organizer of the local government. Thus, it is considered as territorial subdivision
as they enjoy leading the local autonomy.

Think 1.2
Public Government Private Corporation
 is a corporation created by the  formed for some private purpose,
 state, either by general or special
act, for purposes of
administration of local
government or rendering of
service in the public interest?
 Created by the Legislation
 It has the capacity to listen to the
idea of the public services (e.g
Highlighted issues during the
campaign)
 Public resource for quality
services.
 Fix and resolve such issues
 Aims to continually develop public
sectors.
 Training requirements
Examples:
 Highlighted issues during the
campaign
 Conducting Survey of every local
from City to municipalities issues
that presented into the upper
leader to manage and distribute
function for the possible
resolution.
 Fix budget to develop and help its
citizens under the local leader
view.
 Programs about family planning,
awareness and modern
 Agriculture development
 Public land development
benefit, aim or end
 it was created within the
agreement of the people in
specific private lands or
corporations
 aims with private profits
 The corporation paying Tax for
the government
 Not controlled by the state
 It has their own rules and
regulation benefiting their
corporation as well as their
people working for the
corporation
 They make the city more
attracted to the tourist
 They pay Tax for the government
 Benefit the laborers and
employers
 Government will not interfere
with their business as long as they
are paying Tax
 However, having private sector
will damage every employees
background and qualification into
finding job from the private
 They make their own rule so as
they make their own standard and
the ability to discriminate public
(school background, experiences)
 LESSON 2: Evolution of Local Government

ACTIVITY 2
Trace the historical development of your local government from its inception until its
present stature. Relate these significant developments of your own LGU (30 points).

Based on my mother, where she was in my age estimated 30 years have passed the
San Fernando city was more fun yet strict during the lead of the Manuel Ortega. San
Fernando once to be a happy city, where every municipality like Vigan come along to
join the Fiesta for holidays performing “Zarzuela” or Sarwela where they perform
some dramatic singsong film impromptu. Fun, elegant and colorful parade for every
public service in San Fernando together with the public schools, grade school to
college dance and sing competition. Perya or a carnival event have been held and so
on and so forth.
Furthermore, in term on a leadership of Manuel Ortega every people says he is the
best mayor in town even he is one of the strict leader where his every citizen
informed about what he want and don’t want which particularly engaging crimes like
stealing, drugs and drunk men who shout and straggle its neighborhood have to be
punished and need to put in jail to learned their lessons. However, as time goes by
San Fernando became neutral to every event that have been needed to present. The
natural ways of having fun during holidays have banish during the leadership of Dong,
events are limited. Though somehow people get to like it for the reason that every
teenager will less engaging crime like early pregnancy where is mostly made by until
midnight events.
Think
In the evolution of local government and local governance in the Philippines, during
what periods did we have a centralized form of government? How about a
decentralized form of government? What difference can you give between the forms
of governments?

In Pre-Spanish Period centralization was stablished allotting Local government power

into different municipalities, unlikely of barangay was a political, economic and social
organization of the Philippines. The barangays which were the equivalent of the city-
states of ancient Greece, had from 30-100 members composed mostly of kins whose
relations were thing as popular suffrage as the inhabitants were not granted the right
to choose their local officials, who were appointed by the central government.
Further, under the Maura Law (1893), each town that contributed one thousand
cedulas annually to the central government was allowed to have a municipal council
of five members consisting of a municpal captain, chief lieutenant (teniente mayor),
and three lieutenants. The law also provided for the election of members of the
council by a plurality vote. Moreover, stablishing centralized form of government
allotted the municipalities Barangay into barrios headed by a cabeza de barangay.
They also established pueblo, or municipality, headed by an alcalde, and the
provincias or provinces headed by alcalde mayors. The alcalde mayors were
appointed by the Spanish Governor General.
Malolos Constitution of 1899, the chief of the town was elected by the majority of the
inhabitants and the chief of the province was elected by the chiefs of the town.
Philippines independence in 1946 institute the Third Republic of the Philippines with a
unitary system of government. During this period there was a remarkable shift to
decentralization. There was a good number of pieces of legislation granting autonomy
to local government units through the decentralization of more powers and reduction
of central control over local government.
Furthermore, by collecting and allotting each history and developments of centralized
government and decentralized government. Centralized government function in upper
ranks where they do all the works of fixing, developing, seeking for the loopholes and
issues all the way down to the local government to municipalities, barangay and
barrios. Totally oppose of having decentralized form of government which allotting its
power, responsibilities, function, care of issues, citizens, economies, environment
and so on from every label of local government. Which actually lessen the care
shoulder of responsibilities and power to the upper chairs.
 LESSON 3: Principles of Local Autonomy General Attributes of Local Government

ACTIVITY 3
Elaborate decentralization of administration and decentralization of power.

Decentralization of Administration Decentralization of Power.

 Allotting responsibilities and  Power vested from the state

planning to resolve and create
solution to every issue
where local government hold the
title. Local government
responsibilities is to solve and
develop their local come from the
upper station (state)

Administrative Decentralization aim to allotting authority, responsibilities to even

planning, manage and provide monetary assets for public services in local government
from the upper station (state or province). It as also three different Administrative
Decentralization which are:
Deconcentration – assumed to be the weakest form of administrative where it holds
to redistribute such agreements from planning to economic purposes authority within
the central government.
Delegation – this type of decentralization allotted on preparing and making decision
upon creating new development into such corporation like transportations which not
fully controlled by the central government.
Devolution - Devolution by and large moves liabilities in regard to organizations to
areas that pick their own city corridor pioneers and advisory groups, raise their own
wages, and have independent ability to make theory decisions. In a returned
structure, neighborhood governments have clear and truly saw geographical cutoff
points over which they practice authority and inside which they perform public limits.
It is this kind of legitimate decentralization that underlies most political
decentralization.
Decentralization Power it is the power responsibilities given by the upper station
(state or province) into local government to develop and maintain the quality of the
society. Administrative allotted responsibilities in local government while
decentralization power will be carried by the local government for other lower part of
the government.
 LESSON 4: General Attributes of Local Government

ACTIVITY 4
With all the ordinances implemented in your city or municipality and barangay
government, identify the kind of governmental power being exercised by your LGUs.

Based on my observation the local of San Fernando City La union formed a POWER TO
GENERATE AND APPLY RESOURCES which I assumed because of continually improving
the city, creating new environment, conducting programs and new advocation of
urban people that will benefits their citizens.

YOUR IDEA

Based from your observation in your respective LGUs, what

are the public enterprises being implemented. Conduct a
virtual interview with you r Planning officer and ask how
corporate powers are being exercised?

San Fernando City known as one of the free city where there is no authority
happening since I came here 18 years ago not until the pandemic, covid-19 happen
where the LGU’s of the city implemented a strong protocols to prevent the increasing
virus amid the pandemic. For instance, wearing mask and face shield with the
violation of paying a thousand peso to the person who didn’t follow protocols. At this
point police officers and Barangay official lead the not totally power but to inform
and give warning to those people who hard to follow rules based from what Kagawad
Joseph Torres of Barangay San Francisco.